Ed's reference to weak signal copying is probably different than any 
of you have ever experienced, with or without QRM.

He's concerned about copying off the moon, EME, signals that are just 
above but mostly just below ESP level in a sky noise environment.

My experience, in listening for, and working thousands of CW QSOs on 
2M EME in the '80s and '90s is that firstly all receivers aren't 
created equal.  In that time frame, ICOMs were unfortunately useless, 
probably because of undue phase noise (??).  The best that (suited 
me) was the Kenwood TS-930, mainly because of its outstanding NB and 
its ability to shape its IF BW.  I used 500Hz IF filters, and 
external audio filtering.  First the passive filtering that was 
available in the K'wood speaker, and then (in series with) the  Autek 
QF-1A active filter system.  I could vary the center frequency as 
well as it's shape and width.  I estimate that I left it set for 
about 25Hz in BW and a center frequency of about 400Hz, which was my 
preferred receiving CW pitch/tone.  Then by accident I discovered 
that the cheapest RS muffed headphones (series 10 I believe) had a 
self resonance at about 400 Hz.

When fine tuning a very weak CW signal, when I hit the 400Hz  point, 
in my narrow overall bandwidth, and resonant headphones, it seemed to 
just jump out at me, maybe as much as 10 dB, with no preceptable 
ringing.  With the fine tuning mod installed in the 930, 1 Hz tuning 
steps didn't seem to be a problem.

I hoping that with my newly assembled K3 and it's APF, I will be able 
to assimulate the same EME detection capabilities.  In todays EME 
equipment, the ability to phase lock all stages (LOs) of the 
receiving system to a 10 Mhz standard, will eliminate an unknown and 
utilize the fine tuning capabilities of the K3.  If all else fails I 
still have my QF-1A and cheap RS headphones to fall back on !

Chuck,  W7CS

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