Re: SV: SV: Only logic is necessary?
Lennart Nilsson wrote: > Cooper says that a formalist, with only formal constraints on his logic > (such as consistensy) is at the mercy of the formalism itself. Meaning what ? That the formalism might not be giving answers that are "really" right ? How would we tell ? using some other logic ? Or empricial disproof ? But empirical disproof itself rests on the logical principle of non-contradiction. The only kind of logic that can be shown to be wrong is informal logic (e.g. the Wasson Test), which can be shown to be wrong using formal logic. > He calls for a relativistic > evolutionary logic where classical logic only would be justified for certain > special classes of problems. An evolutionary metatheory of logic would > recognize which those problems are. And would itself be ineveitably based on some kind of logic. --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything List" group. To post to this group, send email to everything-list@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/everything-list -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
Re: SV: SV: Only logic is necessary?
Jesse Mazer wrote: > Brent Meeker wrote: > > >> >>Jesse Mazer wrote: >> Lennart Nilsson wrote: We use mathematics as a meta-language, just like you kan describe what >> >>is >> said in latin by using italian. That does not make italian logically/evolutionary prior to latin of course. >>> >>> >>>But in this case we are using mathematics to describe actual events in >> >>the >> >>>real world, specifically the way gene frequencies change over time in >>>response to natural selection. Surely these events were obeying the same >>>mathematical laws even before we could describe them as doing so using >>>whatever specific mathematical symbols we use to represent these laws, >> >>in >> >>>just the same way that "the earth is round" is a statement describing a >> >>fact >> >>>that was true before we came up with the words "earth", "round", etc. In >>>other words, it's the specific mathematical symbols we use to represent >>>mathematical truths that are analogous to italian or some other human >>>language, but they represent truths that have been true all along, just >> >>like >> >>>the earth has been round all along even before humans came up with the >>>language to describe it (or don't you believe it makes sense to say >> >>that?) >> >>>Jesse >> >>That the Earth is a spheroid (WGS84 ?) is a model and the *model* "obeys" >>certain mathematical laws >>- because the mathematical laws are just rules of a language we invented >>for talking about such >>things. The Earth, understood as some not completely knowable object in >>reality, doesn't obey >>anything. Same with gene frequencies. > > > But to me, "obey" simply means that *if* there had been someone around in > the past to observe the earth/gene frequencies and compare with the model, > they would have matched up with it at all times, even times when there > wasn't actually anyone there to make such a comparison. That's your second-order model, i.e. a model in which you embed the earth/gene model - I take their past validity to simply be part of the (first-order) model. >And really, can we > make any statements about what external reality is or was "really like" > without using models? No, we can't. That's why positivists tried to get rid of the notion that models were models *of* anything. But the essence of a model is that does assume an underlying something, or in other words it presumes to be able to predict beyond just the data on which it was based. It's more than curve-fitting or cataloging. >If we want to say that back in the Cretaceous, T. > Rexes were larger than dragonflies, isn't the concept of "bigger than" just > as much based on a model of sorts as the concept of "roundness"? Maybe we're > getting into the territory of Kantian philosophy here, with the question of > whether we can say anything about reality "in itself" without using various > a priori mental concepts such as numbers. In any case, it still seems > incoherent to me to imagine that uncovering the evolutionary history of > these a priori concepts should somehow undermine our belief in them as > genuine truths, Are you talking about the "truths" of mathematics - which I regard as just rules of consistency for talking about things, i.e. constructing models that are not internally inconsistent. Or are you talking about the Kantian concepts like "round" and "prime", which I regard as existing only in our models and are neither true nor false. >since we are completely dependent on them in our > understanding of "evolutionary history" or anything else involving external > reality. But we're not completely dependent on them. Some of them are essentially hardwired into us by our evolution, but we can go beyond them. For example our intuitive understanding of probabilities is very poor - but we can go beyond it by forcing ourselves to be consistent (mathematical) in discussing probabilities. I think the difficulty in interpreting quantum mechanics arises because "intepretation" essentially means giving Newtonian picture of what happens and we feel that we can't really understand a picture unless it is Newtonian - even though we have a perfectly consistent model that isn't. Brent Meeker --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything List" group. To post to this group, send email to everything-list@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/everything-list -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
Re: SV: SV: Only logic is necessary?
Brent Meeker wrote: > > >Jesse Mazer wrote: > >>Lennart Nilsson wrote: > >> > >>We use mathematics as a meta-language, just like you kan describe what >is > >>said in latin by using italian. That does not make italian > >>logically/evolutionary prior to latin of course. > > > > > > But in this case we are using mathematics to describe actual events in >the > > real world, specifically the way gene frequencies change over time in > > response to natural selection. Surely these events were obeying the same > > mathematical laws even before we could describe them as doing so using > > whatever specific mathematical symbols we use to represent these laws, >in > > just the same way that "the earth is round" is a statement describing a >fact > > that was true before we came up with the words "earth", "round", etc. In > > other words, it's the specific mathematical symbols we use to represent > > mathematical truths that are analogous to italian or some other human > > language, but they represent truths that have been true all along, just >like > > the earth has been round all along even before humans came up with the > > language to describe it (or don't you believe it makes sense to say >that?) > > > > Jesse > >That the Earth is a spheroid (WGS84 ?) is a model and the *model* "obeys" >certain mathematical laws >- because the mathematical laws are just rules of a language we invented >for talking about such >things. The Earth, understood as some not completely knowable object in >reality, doesn't obey >anything. Same with gene frequencies. But to me, "obey" simply means that *if* there had been someone around in the past to observe the earth/gene frequencies and compare with the model, they would have matched up with it at all times, even times when there wasn't actually anyone there to make such a comparison. And really, can we make any statements about what external reality is or was "really like" without using models? If we want to say that back in the Cretaceous, T. Rexes were larger than dragonflies, isn't the concept of "bigger than" just as much based on a model of sorts as the concept of "roundness"? Maybe we're getting into the territory of Kantian philosophy here, with the question of whether we can say anything about reality "in itself" without using various a priori mental concepts such as numbers. In any case, it still seems incoherent to me to imagine that uncovering the evolutionary history of these a priori concepts should somehow undermine our belief in them as genuine truths, since we are completely dependent on them in our understanding of "evolutionary history" or anything else involving external reality. Jesse --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything List" group. To post to this group, send email to everything-list@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/everything-list -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
Re: SV: SV: Only logic is necessary?
Jesse Mazer wrote: >>Lennart Nilsson wrote: >> >>We use mathematics as a meta-language, just like you kan describe what is >>said in latin by using italian. That does not make italian >>logically/evolutionary prior to latin of course. > > > But in this case we are using mathematics to describe actual events in the > real world, specifically the way gene frequencies change over time in > response to natural selection. Surely these events were obeying the same > mathematical laws even before we could describe them as doing so using > whatever specific mathematical symbols we use to represent these laws, in > just the same way that "the earth is round" is a statement describing a fact > that was true before we came up with the words "earth", "round", etc. In > other words, it's the specific mathematical symbols we use to represent > mathematical truths that are analogous to italian or some other human > language, but they represent truths that have been true all along, just like > the earth has been round all along even before humans came up with the > language to describe it (or don't you believe it makes sense to say that?) > > Jesse That the Earth is a spheroid (WGS84 ?) is a model and the *model* "obeys" certain mathematical laws - because the mathematical laws are just rules of a language we invented for talking about such things. The Earth, understood as some not completely knowable object in reality, doesn't obey anything. Same with gene frequencies. Gene frequencies are part of the map (theory of natural selection) not the territory. It's easy to fall into confusing the map and territory because we have only maps to refer to and describe the territory. Positivists recognized this and decided we should stop assuming that there is any territory - but this doesn't work because a map is only a map if it's a map *of* something. Brent Meeker --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything List" group. To post to this group, send email to everything-list@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/everything-list -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
RE: SV: SV: Only logic is necessary?
>Lennart Nilsson wrote: > >We use mathematics as a meta-language, just like you kan describe what is >said in latin by using italian. That does not make italian >logically/evolutionary prior to latin of course. But in this case we are using mathematics to describe actual events in the real world, specifically the way gene frequencies change over time in response to natural selection. Surely these events were obeying the same mathematical laws even before we could describe them as doing so using whatever specific mathematical symbols we use to represent these laws, in just the same way that "the earth is round" is a statement describing a fact that was true before we came up with the words "earth", "round", etc. In other words, it's the specific mathematical symbols we use to represent mathematical truths that are analogous to italian or some other human language, but they represent truths that have been true all along, just like the earth has been round all along even before humans came up with the language to describe it (or don't you believe it makes sense to say that?) Jesse --~--~-~--~~~---~--~~ You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Everything List" group. To post to this group, send email to everything-list@googlegroups.com To unsubscribe from this group, send email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] For more options, visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/everything-list -~--~~~~--~~--~--~---
