The following is good perspective for the big picture:
Subject: Carl Sagan's Cosmic Calendar: Calendar You'll Never Learn in School!
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: CARL SAGAN'S COSMIC CALENDAR: THE REAL CALENDAR
OF EARTH's TIMELINE THAT YOU'LL NEVER LEARN IN SCHOOL! ?
Imagine that the entire history of the universe is compressed into one year -- with the Big Bang corresponding to the first second of the New Year's Day, and the present time to the last second of December 31st
(midnight).
Using this scale of time, each month would equal a little over a billion years. Here's a closer look at when important events would occur when we imagine the universe in one year:
January 1:
Big Bang
May 1:
Origin of Milky Way Galaxy
September 9:
Origin of the solar system
September 14:
Formation of the Earth
September 25:
Origin of life on Earth
October 2:
Formation of the oldest rocks known on Earth
October 9:
Date of oldest fossils (bacteria and blue-green algae)
November 1:
Invention of sex (by microorganisms)
November 12:
Oldest fossil photosynthetic plants
November 15:
Eukaryotes (first cells with nuclei) flourish
DECEMBER:
December 1:
Significant oxygen atmosphere begins to develop on Earth.
Significant oxygen atmosphere begins to develop on Earth.
December 5:
Extensive vulcanism and channel formation on Mars.
December 16:
First Worms.
December 17:
Precambrian ends. Paleozoic Era and Cambrian Period begin. Invertebrates flourish.
December 18:
First oceanic plankton. Trilobites flourish.
December 19:
Ordovician Period. First fish, first vertebrates.
December 20:
Silurian Period. First vascular plants. Plants begin colonization of land.
December 21:
Devonian Period begins. First insects. Animals begin colonization of land.
December 22:
First amphibians. First winged insects.
December 23:
Carboniferous Period. First trees. First reptiles.
December 24:
Permian Period begins. First dinosaurs.
December 25:
Paleozoic Era ends. Mesozoic Era Begins.
December 26:
Triassic Period. First mammals.
December 27:
Jurassic Period. First birds.
December 28:
Cretaceous Period. First flowers. Dinosaurs become extinct.
December 29:
Mesozoic Era ends. Cenozoic Era and Tertiary Period begin. First cetaceans. First primates.
December 30:
First evolution of frontal lobes in the brains of primates. First hominids. Giant mammals flourish.
December 31:
End of Pliocene Period. Quaternary (Pleistocene and Holocene) Period. First humans.
DECEMBER 31:
1:30 p.m.:
Origin of Pithicanthropus, Proconsul and Ramapithecus, probable ancestors of apes and men
Origin of Pithicanthropus, Proconsul and Ramapithecus, probable ancestors of apes and men
10:30 p.m.:
First humans
11:00 p.m.:
Widespread use of stone tools
11:46 p.m.:
Domestication of fire by Peking man
11:56 p.m.:
Beginning of most recent glacial period
11:58 p.m.:
Seafarers settle Australia
11:59 p.m.:
Extensive cave painting in Europe
11:59:20 p.m.:
Invention of agriculture
11:59:35 p.m.:
Neolithic civilization; first cities
11:59:50 p.m.:
First dynasties in Sumer, Ebla and Egypt; development of astronomy
11:59:51 p.m.:
Invention of the alphabet; Akkadian Empire
11:59:52 p.m.:
Hammurabic legal codes in Babylon; Middle Kingdom in Egypt
11:59:53 p.m.:
Bronze metallurgy; Mycenaean culture; Trojan War; Olmec culture;
invention of the compass
11:59:54 p.m.:
Iron metallurgy; First Assyrian Empire; Kingdom of Israel; founding of Carthage by Phoenicia
11:59:55 p.m.:
Asokan India; Ch'in Dynasty China; Periclean Athens; birth of Buddha
11:59:56 p.m.:
Euclidean geometry; Archimedean physics; Ptolemaic astronomy; Roman Empire; birth of Christ
11:59:57 p.m.:
Zero and decimals invented in Indian arithmetic; Rome falls; Birth of Islam and the Islamic Civilization
11:59:58 p.m.:
Mayan civilization; Sung Dynasty China; Byzantine empire; Mongol invasion; Crusades
11:59:59 p.m.:
Renaissance in Europe; voyages of discovery from Europe and from Ming Dynasty China; emergence of the experimental method in science
NOW: The first second of New Year's Day:
Widespread development of science and technology; emergence of global culture; acquisition of the means of self-destruction of the human species; first steps in spacecraft planetary exploration and the search of extraterrestrial intelligence.
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