Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images
Dear Bruce Matt, thank you for your help. @Bruce: I would be happy to send you the data, just let me know by e-mail which files you would need. @Matt: Could you please specify the commands for the flags -nsigma_above and -nsigma_below and how you would rerun the pipeline? Also what values would be recommended? I did not find any manual/help files regarding the flags, so it would be helpful to document it. NB. I found another thread in the maillist which probably relates to the issue: https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/pipermail//freesurfer/2013-September/033550.html . However I could not verify this, due to expired dropbox files. Yours, Emil Probably Emil¹s current example would be best because it is failing in your recon-all setup. Matt. On 5/9/14, 9:31 AM, Bruce Fischl fis...@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu wrote: Hi Matt if you can send me an example I'll try to find time to take a look Bruce On Fri, 9 May 2014, Matt Glasser wrote: Hi Bruce, For whatever reason, sometimes the T2w surface adjustment will be way off. Adjusting the -nsigma_above # -nsigma_below # even a little bit up and down can get it out of the minimum and make it work, so there might be a bug. Peace, Matt. From: Emil H.J. Nijhuis emil.nijh...@gmail.com Reply-To: Freesurfer support list freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Date: Friday, May 9, 2014 at 4:53 AM To: freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Subject: Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images Dear Bruce, thank you for your help. attached I have put an fslview, tkmedit screen-shot of the T2 image and a tk surfer image of lh.woT2.pial. It appears that without consideration of the T2 this effect does not happen. What would be your recommendation if I would like to keep using the T2 weigh ted image? Yours, Emil Hi Emil how do the surfaces look before you apply the T2 deformation? And how do they look visualized over the T2 instead of the T1? cheers Bruce On Thu, 8 May 2014, Emil H.J. Nijhuis wrote: Hi, I have been using Freesurfer v5.3 to perform surface reconstruct for 1mm isotropic T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images from a Siemens 3T Trio scanner with a 32-channel head coil. Unfortunately for half of my subjects I receive an rather odd pial surface artefact, while the 'white' surfaces do not suffer from the same issue. The command line I have used was: recon-all -all -subjid subjectid -T2 subjectdir/mri/orig/T2.mgz -T2pial -3T Are you familiar with this issue and do you have some advice for me? Thank you very much for your help. Yours sincerely, Emil -- -- Emil H.J. Nijhuis, PhD Researcher - Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Basel Petersgraben 4 CH 4031 Basel Switzerland ___ Freesurfer mailing list freesur...@nmr.mgh.harvard.eduhttps://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/li sti nfo/freesurfer ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail. ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail. ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail.
Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images
Hi Emil I would need the entire subject dir plus the T2-space volume cheers Bruce On Tue, 13 May 2014, Emil H.J. Nijhuis wrote: Dear Bruce Matt, thank you for your help. @Bruce: I would be happy to send you the data, just let me know by e-mail which files you wo uld need. @Matt: Could you please specify the commands for the flags -nsigma_above and -nsigma_below a nd how you would rerun the pipeline? Also what values would be recommended? I did not find any manual/help files regarding the flags, so it would be helpful to document it. NB. I found another thread in the maillist which probably relates to the issue: https://mail .nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/pipermail//freesurfer/2013-September/033550.html . However I could not verify this, due to expired dropbox files. Yours, Emil Probably Emil¹s current example would be best because it is failing in your recon-all setup. Matt. On 5/9/14, 9:31 AM, Bruce Fischl fis...@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu wrote: Hi Matt if you can send me an example I'll try to find time to take a look Bruce On Fri, 9 May 2014, Matt Glasser wrote: Hi Bruce, For whatever reason, sometimes the T2w surface adjustment will be way off. Adjusting the -nsigma_above # -nsigma_below # even a little bit up and down can get it out of the minimum and make it work, so there might be a bug. Peace, Matt. From: Emil H.J. Nijhuis emil.nijh...@gmail.com Reply-To: Freesurfer support list freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Date: Friday, May 9, 2014 at 4:53 AM To: freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Subject: Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images Dear Bruce, thank you for your help. attached I have put an fslview, tkmedit screen-shot of the T2 image and a tk surfer image of lh.woT2.pial. It appears that without consideration of the T2 this effect does not happen. What would be your recommendation if I would like to keep using the T2 weigh ted image? Yours, Emil Hi Emil how do the surfaces look before you apply the T2 deformation? And how do they look visualized over the T2 instead of the T1? cheers Bruce On Thu, 8 May 2014, Emil H.J. Nijhuis wrote: Hi, I have been using Freesurfer v5.3 to perform surface reconstruct for 1mm isotropic T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images from a Siemens 3T Trio scanner with a 32-channel head coil. Unfortunately for half of my subjects I receive an rather odd pial surface artefact, while the 'white' surfaces do not suffer from the same issue. The command line I have used was: recon-all -all -subjid subjectid -T2 subjectdir/mri/orig/T2.mgz -T2pial -3T Are you familiar with this issue and do you have some advice for me? Thank you very much for your help. Yours sincerely, Emil -- -- Emil H.J. Nijhuis, PhD Researcher - Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Basel Petersgraben 4 CH 4031 Basel Switzerland ___ Freesurfer mailing list freesur...@nmr.mgh.harvard.eduhttps://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/li sti nfo/freesurfer ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail. ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail. ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail.
Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images
I don’t know if recon-all will pass those flags in or not. Probably best to let Bruce take a look. Peace, Matt. On 5/13/14, 7:36 AM, Bruce Fischl fis...@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu wrote: Hi Emil I would need the entire subject dir plus the T2-space volume cheers Bruce On Tue, 13 May 2014, Emil H.J. Nijhuis wrote: Dear Bruce Matt, thank you for your help. @Bruce: I would be happy to send you the data, just let me know by e-mail which files you wo uld need. @Matt: Could you please specify the commands for the flags -nsigma_above and -nsigma_below a nd how you would rerun the pipeline? Also what values would be recommended? I did not find any manual/help files regarding the flags, so it would be helpful to document it. NB. I found another thread in the maillist which probably relates to the issue: https://mail .nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/pipermail//freesurfer/2013-September/033550.html . However I could not verify this, due to expired dropbox files. Yours, Emil Probably Emil¹s current example would be best because it is failing in your recon-all setup. Matt. On 5/9/14, 9:31 AM, Bruce Fischl fis...@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu wrote: Hi Matt if you can send me an example I'll try to find time to take a look Bruce On Fri, 9 May 2014, Matt Glasser wrote: Hi Bruce, For whatever reason, sometimes the T2w surface adjustment will be way off. Adjusting the -nsigma_above # -nsigma_below # even a little bit up and down can get it out of the minimum and make it work, so there might be a bug. Peace, Matt. From: Emil H.J. Nijhuis emil.nijh...@gmail.com Reply-To: Freesurfer support list freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Date: Friday, May 9, 2014 at 4:53 AM To: freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Subject: Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images Dear Bruce, thank you for your help. attached I have put an fslview, tkmedit screen-shot of the T2 image and a tk surfer image of lh.woT2.pial. It appears that without consideration of the T2 this effect does not happen. What would be your recommendation if I would like to keep using the T2 weigh ted image? Yours, Emil Hi Emil how do the surfaces look before you apply the T2 deformation? And how do they look visualized over the T2 instead of the T1? cheers Bruce On Thu, 8 May 2014, Emil H.J. Nijhuis wrote: Hi, I have been using Freesurfer v5.3 to perform surface reconstruct for 1mm isotropic T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images from a Siemens 3T Trio scanner with a 32-channel head coil. Unfortunately for half of my subjects I receive an rather odd pial surface artefact, while the 'white' surfaces do not suffer from the same issue. The command line I have used was: recon-all -all -subjid subjectid -T2 subjectdir/mri/orig/T2.mgz -T2pial -3T Are you familiar with this issue and do you have some advice for me? Thank you very much for your help. Yours sincerely, Emil -- -- Emil H.J. Nijhuis, PhD Researcher - Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Basel Petersgraben 4 CH 4031 Basel Switzerland ___ Freesurfer mailing list freesur...@nmr.mgh.harvard.eduhttps://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/ li sti nfo/freesurfer ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail. ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail. ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe
Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images
Hi Matt if you can send me an example I'll try to find time to take a look Bruce On Fri, 9 May 2014, Matt Glasser wrote: Hi Bruce, For whatever reason, sometimes the T2w surface adjustment will be way off. Adjusting the -nsigma_above # -nsigma_below # even a little bit up and down can get it out of the minimum and make it work, so there might be a bug. Peace, Matt. From: Emil H.J. Nijhuis emil.nijh...@gmail.com Reply-To: Freesurfer support list freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Date: Friday, May 9, 2014 at 4:53 AM To: freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Subject: Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images Dear Bruce, thank you for your help. attached I have put an fslview, tkmedit screen-shot of the T2 image and a tk surfer image of lh.woT2.pial. It appears that without consideration of the T2 this effect does not happen. What would be your recommendation if I would like to keep using the T2 weigh ted image? Yours, Emil Hi Emil how do the surfaces look before you apply the T2 deformation? And how do they look visualized over the T2 instead of the T1? cheers Bruce On Thu, 8 May 2014, Emil H.J. Nijhuis wrote: Hi, I have been using Freesurfer v5.3 to perform surface reconstruct for 1mm isotropic T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images from a Siemens 3T Trio scanner with a 32-channel head coil. Unfortunately for half of my subjects I receive an rather odd pial surface artefact, while the 'white' surfaces do not suffer from the same issue. The command line I have used was: recon-all -all -subjid subjectid -T2 subjectdir/mri/orig/T2.mgz -T2pial -3T Are you familiar with this issue and do you have some advice for me? Thank you very much for your help. Yours sincerely, Emil -- -- Emil H.J. Nijhuis, PhD Researcher - Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Basel Petersgraben 4 CH 4031 Basel Switzerland ___ Freesurfer mailing list freesur...@nmr.mgh.harvard.eduhttps://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listi nfo/freesurfer ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail. ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail.
Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images
Hi Bruce, For whatever reason, sometimes the T2w surface adjustment will be way off. Adjusting the -nsigma_above # -nsigma_below # even a little bit up and down can get it out of the minimum and make it work, so there might be a bug. Peace, Matt. From: Emil H.J. Nijhuis emil.nijh...@gmail.com Reply-To: Freesurfer support list freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Date: Friday, May 9, 2014 at 4:53 AM To: freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Subject: Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images Dear Bruce, thank you for your help. attached I have put an fslview, tkmedit screen-shot of the T2 image and a tksurfer image of lh.woT2.pial. It appears that without consideration of the T2 this effect does not happen. What would be your recommendation if I would like to keep using the T2 weighted image? Yours, Emil Hi Emil how do the surfaces look before you apply the T2 deformation? And how do they look visualized over the T2 instead of the T1? cheers Bruce On Thu, 8 May 2014, Emil H.J. Nijhuis wrote: Hi, I have been using Freesurfer v5.3 to perform surface reconstruct for 1mm isotropic T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images from a Siemens 3T Trio scanner with a 32-channel head coil. Unfortunately for half of my subjects I receive an rather odd pial surface artefact, while the 'white' surfaces do not suffer from the same issue. The command line I have used was: recon-all -all -subjid subjectid -T2 subjectdir/mri/orig/T2.mgz -T2pial -3T Are you familiar with this issue and do you have some advice for me? Thank you very much for your help. Yours sincerely, Emil -- -- Emil H.J. Nijhuis, PhD Researcher - Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Basel Petersgraben 4 CH 4031 Basel Switzerland ___ Freesurfer mailing list freesur...@nmr.mgh.harvard.eduhttps://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listi nfo/freesurfer ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail. ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail.
Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images
Probably Emil¹s current example would be best because it is failing in your recon-all setup. Matt. On 5/9/14, 9:31 AM, Bruce Fischl fis...@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu wrote: Hi Matt if you can send me an example I'll try to find time to take a look Bruce On Fri, 9 May 2014, Matt Glasser wrote: Hi Bruce, For whatever reason, sometimes the T2w surface adjustment will be way off. Adjusting the -nsigma_above # -nsigma_below # even a little bit up and down can get it out of the minimum and make it work, so there might be a bug. Peace, Matt. From: Emil H.J. Nijhuis emil.nijh...@gmail.com Reply-To: Freesurfer support list freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Date: Friday, May 9, 2014 at 4:53 AM To: freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu Subject: Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images Dear Bruce, thank you for your help. attached I have put an fslview, tkmedit screen-shot of the T2 image and a tk surfer image of lh.woT2.pial. It appears that without consideration of the T2 this effect does not happen. What would be your recommendation if I would like to keep using the T2 weigh ted image? Yours, Emil Hi Emil how do the surfaces look before you apply the T2 deformation? And how do they look visualized over the T2 instead of the T1? cheers Bruce On Thu, 8 May 2014, Emil H.J. Nijhuis wrote: Hi, I have been using Freesurfer v5.3 to perform surface reconstruct for 1mm isotropic T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images from a Siemens 3T Trio scanner with a 32-channel head coil. Unfortunately for half of my subjects I receive an rather odd pial surface artefact, while the 'white' surfaces do not suffer from the same issue. The command line I have used was: recon-all -all -subjid subjectid -T2 subjectdir/mri/orig/T2.mgz -T2pial -3T Are you familiar with this issue and do you have some advice for me? Thank you very much for your help. Yours sincerely, Emil -- -- Emil H.J. Nijhuis, PhD Researcher - Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Basel Petersgraben 4 CH 4031 Basel Switzerland ___ Freesurfer mailing list freesur...@nmr.mgh.harvard.eduhttps://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/li sti nfo/freesurfer ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail. ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail. ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer
Re: [Freesurfer] problem with pial surface reconstruction using T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images
Hi Emil how do the surfaces look before you apply the T2 deformation? And how do they look visualized over the T2 instead of the T1? cheers Bruce On Thu, 8 May 2014, Emil H.J. Nijhuis wrote: Hi, I have been using Freesurfer v5.3 to perform surface reconstruct for 1mm isotropic T1 (MPRAGE) and T2 (SPACE) weighted images from a Siemens 3T Trio scanner with a 32-channel head coil. Unfortunately for half of my subjects I receive an rather odd pial surface artefact, while the 'white' surfaces do not suffer from the same issue. The command line I have used was: recon-all -all -subjid subjectid -T2 subjectdir/mri/orig/T2.mgz -T2pial -3T Are you familiar with this issue and do you have some advice for me? Thank you very much for your help. Yours sincerely, Emil -- -- Emil H.J. Nijhuis, PhD Researcher - Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Hospital Basel Petersgraben 4 CH 4031 Basel Switzerland ___ Freesurfer mailing list Freesurfer@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu https://mail.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/mailman/listinfo/freesurfer The information in this e-mail is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you believe this e-mail was sent to you in error and the e-mail contains patient information, please contact the Partners Compliance HelpLine at http://www.partners.org/complianceline . If the e-mail was sent to you in error but does not contain patient information, please contact the sender and properly dispose of the e-mail.
