Here, the problem was that in

(*(first + 1) < *first) != false

integral promotion changes the < expr to have type int. Then fold_binary_op_with_conditional_arg wants to change this to

(*(first + 1) < *first) ? true : false

without changing the type, so the condition of a ?: has the wrong type by the time we get to the constexpr expander. For 4.6, it seems simplest to fix this by making the constexpr code more permissive.

Tested x86_64-pc-linux-gnu, applying to 4.6 and trunk.
commit 1be580e74a6e959ffaa041b49be08c895d44eb01
Author: Jason Merrill <ja...@redhat.com>
Date:   Fri May 6 10:48:52 2011 -0400

        PR c++/48909
        * semantics.c (cxx_eval_conditional_expression): Check
        integer_zerop/onep instead.

diff --git a/gcc/cp/semantics.c b/gcc/cp/semantics.c
index d0c559b..cc8db90 100644
--- a/gcc/cp/semantics.c
+++ b/gcc/cp/semantics.c
@@ -6299,13 +6299,12 @@ cxx_eval_conditional_expression (const constexpr_call 
*call, tree t,
                                           allow_non_constant, addr,
                                           non_constant_p);
   VERIFY_CONSTANT (val);
-  if (val == boolean_true_node)
-    return cxx_eval_constant_expression (call, TREE_OPERAND (t, 1),
+  /* Don't VERIFY_CONSTANT the other operands.  */
+  if (integer_zerop (val))
+    return cxx_eval_constant_expression (call, TREE_OPERAND (t, 2),
                                         allow_non_constant, addr,
                                         non_constant_p);
-  gcc_assert (val == boolean_false_node);
-  /* Don't VERIFY_CONSTANT here.  */
-  return cxx_eval_constant_expression (call, TREE_OPERAND (t, 2),
+  return cxx_eval_constant_expression (call, TREE_OPERAND (t, 1),
                                       allow_non_constant, addr,
                                       non_constant_p);
 }
@@ -7872,12 +7871,12 @@ potential_constant_expression_1 (tree t, bool 
want_rval, tsubst_flags_t flags)
       tmp = TREE_OPERAND (t, 0);
       if (!potential_constant_expression_1 (tmp, rval, flags))
        return false;
-      else if (tmp == boolean_true_node)
-       return potential_constant_expression_1 (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1),
-                                               want_rval, flags);
-      else if (tmp == boolean_false_node)
+      else if (integer_zerop (tmp))
        return potential_constant_expression_1 (TREE_OPERAND (t, 2),
                                                want_rval, flags);
+      else if (TREE_CODE (tmp) == INTEGER_CST)
+       return potential_constant_expression_1 (TREE_OPERAND (t, 1),
+                                               want_rval, flags);
       for (i = 1; i < 3; ++i)
        if (potential_constant_expression_1 (TREE_OPERAND (t, i),
                                             want_rval, tf_none))
diff --git a/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-condition2.C 
b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-condition2.C
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2434096
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gcc/testsuite/g++.dg/cpp0x/constexpr-condition2.C
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// PR c++/48909
+// { dg-options -std=c++0x }
+
+#define SA(X) static_assert((X),#X)
+
+constexpr int const * is_sorted_until(int const * first, int const * last)
+{
+ return first == last || first + 1 == last ? last
+  : (*(first + 1) < *first) != false ? first + 1
+  : is_sorted_until(first + 1, last);
+}
+
+int main()
+{
+ static constexpr int array[2] = {0, 1};
+ constexpr int const * last = is_sorted_until(array, array + 2);
+ SA(last==array+2);
+}

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