Oliver,Thanks for asking about high-nutrient low-chlorophyll (HNLC) water. Doesn't matter if the water is currently LNLC, HNLC, HNHC, or LNHC, the life in it is endangered by dropping pH and warming. Good idea to grow and harvest a lot of macroalgae to raise pH. Even better if your macroalgae
Andrew,BECCS can be deployed at scale with the Allam Cycle: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/goodbye-smokestacks-startup-invents-zero-emission-fossil-fuel-power. I've been watching this technology move from lab to pilot scale (25MW output) for a couple years.We know we can make enough
Franz,Cool. Iron salts may be a good way to distribute micro-nutrients to ocean forests.U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Research Project Agency-Energy's MARINER funding opportunity promised review comments today (July 28). Ocean Foresters and Climate Foundation organized nine encouraged
Matthias,Supercritical CO2 working fluid looks real. Lots of research for use in connection with solar thermal and nuclear heat. The Texas project mentioned in Forbes is the nearest commercial-scale test appearing in the news for the past couple years. Note that combustion of methane produces a
Ron,You might get more traction, particularly during droughts, selling biochar as water capture and storage. The only difficulty would be that we might have more biocapture and storage of both water and carbon with less expense by managing our plants as was done by large herbivores before humans
http://www.powermag.com/fuel-cells-could-be-a-game-changer-for-carbon-capture/?hq_e=el_m=3246679_l=3_v=a1510abee6Excerpt:Normally in FCE’s carbonate fuel cells, methane is reformed in the cell anode to create CO2and H2, which is then used to generate electricity by combining with oxygen from
Greg,A better way to state this development - The cost of electricity with capture of liquid or supercritical CO2 under pressure using supercritical oxidation may be less than the cost of electricity from any other big power plant technology exhausting the CO2 into the air (but capturing Hg, SOx,
If the news release is consistent with typical industry reporting for future power plants, the pure O2 is included in the efficiency numbers as part of the process. That is hinted in the paragraph "Since 2012, Toshiba ... to build a 25MW gross electric (50MWt) demonstration in Texas." This is
Michael,Resource recovery on the contaminated oyster meat is ready for demonstration at about 10 wet tons per day with Hydrothermal Processes (HTP). Larger scale, but more expensive, with Supercritical Water Oxidation (SCWO).These technologies are demonstrating and making proposals to recover
If coal plants cannot capture their own CO2 anywhere near economically, then they should be made to pay someone else to capture CO2. Ocean Forests volunteer. Our new ecosystem with a hydrothermal process replacing anaerobic digestion produces converts 40% of input carbon to bio-oil and 60% of
Brian,Photosynthesis is good only for small scale carbon sequestration unless you somehow avoid sequestering the other plant nutrients (N, P, K, etc.) with the carbon. Terrestrial photosynthesis also requires fresh water, which is another crisis.Mark
Original Message
Subject:
Greg,All explained in my email to NOAH:Dear NOAH,Thank you for the accurate and important analysis in your EU-Bioenergy-Briefing2.Would you consider renaming to "Terrestrial Bioenergy Out?" Or update your "What is bioenergy?" sidebar to specifically exempt "ocean seaweed biofuel" from your
Stephen and all,Dr. MacKay's premise is wrong. Nations do not have to agree "on a common goal in everyone's self-interest."Rather a fraction of one big self-interested nation can drive every other nation. The U.S. has a very vocal and well-funded subgroup of people and politicians who see small
Greg,Ocean Scientists need to do a better job of explaining that "hands-off-the-oceans" isn't working, ocean science and engineering is at the beginning of the learning curve with way more opportunity for Earth and Water saving results than terrestrial research. Also, ocean-based research toward
The world does not have enough plant nutrients. The lack of nutrients "turns the land surface into a net source of CO2 by 2100."Therefore, if one wishes for biologic reductions in atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial CO2 concentrations which last for millennium, one must store the carbon without
Andrew,Concerning the "culture of absurd caution" - more of us might want to suggest our government agencies employ a different RD agreement mechanism. DOE recently requested feedback on how they could do a better job funding RD. One of the categories was "Agreement Mechanism." The mechanism I
Mike,Good point. I have an expired patent on an offshore oil production structure which could fend off sea ice in 100 meter water depth on the North Slope of Alaska. The economics looked acceptable just before the price of oil dropped back in the '80s.Our situation is different now. If it were a
Team,So who has a lot of money and might be convinced to thicken sea ice?The offshore oil industry, the shipping industry, and governments around the Arctic planning to benefit from both oil and shipping.Sea ice prevents the formation of large surface waves by limiting fetch. Sea ice dampens waves
Olaf,Many wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) add ferric chloride to their digesters, or into the primary clarifiers and thence into the digesters to control H2S.Do you know any WWTPs adding olivine to digesters? I can think of some potential issues: it might settle faster than the mixing system
Noah,Nice clear graphic. Love it.Please add "C from N separation" within your Transformation approach.C (carbon) from N (plant nutrients, a big one being nitrogen as ammonia or nitrate) separation can be a fermentation or a chemical process. The most common fermentation is anaerobic digestion
Humanity needs an ARPA-M (for multi-issue) more than humanity needs an ARPA-C.Humans have a powerful tendency to compartmentalize issues, problems, and solutions. Compartmentalizing is working against us for a big slow (by human time) issue like Climate Change. When humans do something on a big
Greg and Olaf,What might be the minimum inputs such that we could grow and sequester seashells while rapidly recycling most of the nutrients to grow more shellfish? http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/can-seashells-save-the-world-813915.html discusses "Not so, it seems, with the
Dear Chuck,I like to think we are all on the same team with essentially the same two goals, 1) eliminate fossil fuel use, and 2) reduce impacts from the sudden increase in greenhouse gases. Our emphasis between the two goals, the scale of our efforts, and our planning horizon vary.Might you share
Robert,Great arguments for countries to adopt simple carbon fees on both domestic fossil fuels and imports of fuel and the carbon footprint of imported goods.Minor edit - We don't want to stash whole algae at the bottom of the ocean in plastic bags. At full scale, the algae would also be storing
Robert,You should pass your message to the leading Climate CoLab teams for "U.S. Carbon Price." Reconciling paradigms on a global scale is a different perspective on the "free market to include external costs" effort.The carbon reuse industry also addresses the economics of pulling the legacy CO2
Greg,Might a paleoclimate researcher know or find a technique for dating the rate of carbon sink based on sediment cores from olivene beaches? Perhaps relating the sink rate to past air/ocean CO2 concentrations?MarkMark E. Capron, PEVentura, Californiawww.PODenergy.org
Original Message
Request
for InformationTesting
Advanced Post-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies at a Large Pilot ScaleThe purpose of this request for information (RFI)
is to seek information on advanced post-combustion carbon capture technologies
that are ready to be tested on actual coal-derived flue
Ocean Forests lack CO2 capture and store capacity? See "Secure Seafloor Container CO2 Storage" co-authored with Royal Fellow Dr. R. Kerry Rowe at:http://oceanforesters.org/uploads/Secure_Seafloor_Container_CO2_Storage_copy__Oceans_13.pdf. No real capacity limit on the storage of contained CO2
Charlie,You mean a table or something like an updated McLaren chart,http://oceanforesters.org/References.html. The chart is at the bottom of the page. Duncan McLaren has produced this chart for a few years. His "2012 A comparative assessment..." (link near top of the same page) was published in
Fred,Have you included Dr. Antoine N'Yeurt et.al 2012 paper and associated files "Negative carbon via Ocean Afforestation"? We have since published "Seafloor Container CO2 Storage". Author's versions are available at the bottom ofhttp://oceanforesters.org/Ocean_Forests.html. More graphics and
Florian,Echo Greg with your work on terrestrial afforestation/BECCS. Would you like to expand into marine afforestation like athttp://climatecolab.org/web/guest/plans/-/plans/contestId/1300701/planId/1307120. Ocean Forests also have a BECCS component when the biomethane combustion exhaust is
Ron Michael,Yes. Do biochar to the max. The world could do more biochar if some developing places didn't use it for cooking fuel. So find a replacement cooking fuel, such as biomethane.There is a short description of Ocean Forests
Andrew,True. The tsunami wall is for stopping the tsunami from hitting shores protected by the wall, not for stopping the subsea landslide.The only sure way to prevent more global warming caused subsea landslides is to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations below about 1960s levels. That could be
Stephen and Greg,This kind of discussion, a trade-off of (doomed) local environment to preserve some global environment, helps educate people about the need for action. It's useful to check how "doomed" are the local environments. For example does the clay barrier between the Mediterranean Sea and
Michael,Good points. I'll go farther.The vast scale of the oceans and relatively low-energy transport allows us to be less space-efficient than terrestrial systems. This means we do not need mono-cultures. We can have "forests" instead of "farms." Ocean Forests can be "restorative" development in
Find a beach community desiring central government funds to replenish their beaches.
Use the study Andrew found when asking thecommunity leaders to petition their central government representatives to fund a silicate mineral beach replenishment research experiment with partial U.S. Department of
Greg,At least people are starting to estimate the cost of repair and disruption. I've only been casually watching but haven't seen lost opportunity costs. For example, uncertainty will prevent orchard farming because the odds of a tree killing drought or heat wave are less well known then in the
ic version of a subsoiler to lay in rows of hydrate tubes (encased in plastic or not) does seem to be a way to protect thefabricated hydrates from any form of disturbance. Isthis burying of the hydrates simplygoing overboard?On Tuesday, February 4, 2014 4:03:29 PM UTC-8, MarkCapron wrote:Group -
Andrew, Greg, Ron,Any of you game to start a "negcar...@googlegroups.com"?It appears we need to create a firewall (canyon, mountain, ocean, big obstacle) between "geo- and climate-engineering" and CDR, Negative Carbon Technologies, or whatever we call them. We don't want people hearing or seeing
CDR or GGR Stakeholders,Are you considering:https://www.fedconnect.net/FedConnect/PublicPages/PublicSearch/Public_Opportunities.aspx?Or maybe readying your technology for testing?Applications for Post-Combustion and Pre-Combustion Carbon Dioxide Capture and Gasification Technologies Testing This
We (Ocean Foresters) pulled out of the geoengineering category for fear of negative publicity if we won in that category. However, we would appreciate comments (or votes) from members of this forum as we hope to be the "almost as fast as geoengineering" alternative to geoengineering. Also, one of
Only the Geoengineering category has an elaborate comment by the judges on Geoengineering in general and the 3 finalists. Too big to copy here at http://climatecolab.org/resources/-/wiki/Main/Comments+by+Expert+Reviewers+on+the+Geoengineering+Proposals.
Mark
Mark E. Capron, PEVentura,
Peter Fred,Whatever works. Some thoughts:1) Perhaps keep sequestering (or longer X) by converting all the wood to biochar.2) Include the costs of supplying nutrients. My understanding is that most of the organic nitrogen is lost to the atmosphere during char production.3) Use a sulfur burner to
Greg Andrew,
In the short term, anoxic conditions should reduce available organic nitrogen because anoxic bacteria convert nitrate to N2 (denitrification). Less oxygen dissolves in warmer water. Low oxygen favors anoxic bacteria who obtain oxygen from nitrate.
The following may answer some of
Bill,At a quick glance:1. I did not detect your nutrient cycling or nutrient mass balancing. There may be sufficient N, P, K, iron, etc. in deep water below the themocline. But what fraction are you extracting?2. I am a wastewater engineer with some landfill and dairy waste experience. Do you know
If you produce food and carbon sinks with your ocean fertilization experiment is it no longer geoengineering? Or is it mitigation, adaptation, and geoengineering all in one?http://www.thefishsite.com/fishnews/20583/project-aims-to-find-carbon-sinks-in-aquacultureProject Aims to Find Carbon Sinks
Greg and Ron,
Indeed. Your letter could be more effective listing the known negative carbon processes. Just off the top, likely missed some, not listing the issues:
Ocean Macroalgal Afforestation per N'Yeurt 2012 "Negative carbon via Ocean Afforestation."
Biochar
BECCS
Olivine and other
Svetlana,
Your concept may combine well with Dr. Salter's cloud seeding ship approach.
Check with some stakeholders in ship propulsion systems - the people making kite sails for cargo ships, California Air Pollution Control Board, cargo ship operators. Have handy some dimensions for the 1MW and
Poster's note:
The forwarded study discusses Ocean Iron Fertilization starting page 41.
Ken Caldeira and Greg Rau are mentioned for accelerated carbonate weathering, starting page 45.
Mark
Original Message Subject: Ocean acidification Washington StateFrom: "John Forster"
Adam put a lot of effort into "Blue sky thinking." It has pros and cons for Plan B. But arguing the need for, the dangers of, the governance, the ethics of Plan Bislower priority than gettingmore countries to adjust their"free" market to favor zeroGHG emissions. If we are running out of time,
David - Yes. Wonder if Obama will see the middle ground: approve Keystone XL contingent on an increasing carbon tax.Meanwhile it is easy to respond to Waxman-Whitehouse. 1. Check if you are a member of any of the listed organizations, odds are you are. The Congressmen asked for thoughts from
Dear Dr. Tuck,Might you outline how to perform an entropy analysis on Ocean MacroAlgal Afforestation captured and stored CO2? Or suggest someone who could? The bioCO2 from OMA is a byproduct of solar powered photosynthesis along with bioCH4. The bioCO2 is separated and concentrated in a low-energy
Greg, Michael, and Chris,We need a dynamic analysis to know what happens with upwelling as a way to supply nutrients to a macroalgae forest. During daylight, it appears possible to match the upwelling with the forest density such that the macroalgae consume CO2 or HCO3- with a corresponding
John,How would the "H+ on a membrane" process work if the seawater were saturated with CO2 at 10 to 50 atm (10,000 to 50,000 ppm)?One possible biomethane purification component of the Ocean Afforestation ecosystem is differential dissolution inside the anaerobic digestion. It should be possible to
William,Thank you for contributing details to the start-up of Ocean Afforestation.Once established the seaweed forests will be self-sustaining with 100% plant nutrient recycle. The nutrients would stay within about ten kilometers and six months of the growing plants. The established operation is
Dear Leonard,Indeed, terrestrial afforestation can be a multi-product ecosystem solution to climate change.Concerning your June 2012 draft of "Irrigate Afforestation of Deserts":It would benefit from an even more detailed quantification of the fresh water and nitrogen nutrient cycle for both
Peter,
The calculations in "Negative carbon via Ocean Afforestation" are based on actual macroalgae growth rates with whatever CO2 transfer and nutrients are naturally available. Either may be limiting.
Your experience would appear to confirm our seaweed forests can be havens of high pH for
Andrew,
Ocean Macroalgal Afforestation is more of a concept revival with better technology and increased urgency than a new idea. The paper is vetted by co-author David Chynoweth, who has decades of research on seaweed to energy. I confess to alsobeing a co-author.
You hit thekey question: At
For recent PhDs.
Original Message
Subject: [DISCCRSnews] DISCCRS: Climate Change Research Symposium
From: Ruth Ladderud ladde...@whitman.edu
Date: Wed, January 09, 2013 9:23 am
To: Disccrs news disccrsn...@aslo.org
*** please distribute ***DISCCRS VIII Interdisciplinary
Andrew,
Yes.Scaling the floating (or submerged) shipping , storage, and gas-to-liquid conversion facilitiesmay limit how fast we can getOMA toreplace all fossil fuel use and reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Luckily, OMA is unusual in that it is sustainable at the necessary scale to justify
Ocean Macroalgal Afforestation (OMA) of 9% of the ocean surface also needs an albedo study. Perhaps start with the Sargasso Sea as an example of an existing floating macroalgal (seaweed) forest.There should be a difference in albedo changing from the typical "nutrient desert" to the high primary
Greg and Group,Your selection of gems from the IISS Strategic Comments shows why GeoEngineering concepts are socially slow solutions to our excessive GHG emissions causing both warming and reduced ocean pH. We (many scientists and engineers) know GeoEngineering concepts can be technically quick.
Andrew,
Good catch. Biochar-Straw is one of several interesting articles in the PSEP Special Issue - Negative Emission Technology.
The most impactful article's lead author is Dr. Antoine N’Yeurt of the University of the South Pacific, Fiji. “Negative carbon via Ocean Afforestation” and the
Ron (cc Greg, list),
Perhaps biochar is another C-separation process for biochar Ocean Macroalgal Afforestation (as opposed to anaerobic digestion OMA). There may be more processes.
Any process which separates the energy (carbon hydrogen) from the plant nutrients (organic nitrogen, phosphorous,
Ron,
How perfect is the nutrient recycling when you convert macroalgae to charcol?
Is there any energy left over after you lift the macroalgae (and some water) out of the water and remove all the water from the macroalgae in order to make char?
Mark
Original Message Subject:
Greg,
Another solution is rapid nutrient recycling, as happens in the Ocean Afforestation ecosystem.
Deploying the Ocean Afforestation ecosystem over 4% of the world's ocean surface would imply cycling about 16 times the global artificial nitrogen plant fertilizer production. The recycle will
Ken - Please look for at least one to have an "ocean perspective." Maybe someone who has born and lived on an island nation, or at least an ocean oriented education, the University of the South Pacific, University of Hawaii, etc.I will forward to those I know.Mark E. Capron, PEOxnard,
Michael,
Plastic is a two edged sword. Plastic hurts the oceans when incorrectly disposed. Plastic can save the oceans when carefully employed.
The main digester and many other components will be made of carefully engineered geotexiles made from their own biomethane, when not recycled material.
This looks like a funding opportunity forone geoengineering approach.
Title: Atmospheric System Research Reference Number: DE-FOA-556 NAICS Code: Response Due Date: 9/6/2011 11:59:00 PM ES Use the following link to view this
Michael,
DOE has already decided our proposal to demonstrate less than 100 kg of CO2 as hydrate in geotextile containers does not qualify for DE-FOA-441: Small Scale Field Tests of Geologic Reservoir Classes for Geologic Storage. DOE’s version of “small scale” is a minimum of 20,000 tons. DOE
Michael,
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion has yet to be proven economic after many decades of trial. However, the numbers appear reasonable for the production of electricity from biomethane. Ocean Algal Afforestation would produce90+%pure biomethane, 90+% pure CO2 to sequester, and the nutrients
Mike,
Thanks for sending the Ocean Fertilization study. Also note that Scientific American, Feb-11, pg 54,has "The Blue Food Revolution" explaining the need for and controversies of fish farming.
Perhaps we should combine aspects of Ocean Fertilization and fish Aquaculture to address Climate,
Mike - It appears"napkin" feasible to freeze the oil leak with 100 - 500 kg per minute of liquid nitrogen. That would involve a few tanker trucks of liquid nitrogen, a lot of hose,and attaching nitrogenrelease pipes to the existing pipe.
If we cannot round up enough liquid nitrogen, liquid
M V Bhaskar,
Do you have a feel for how well the Nualgi mix would recycle in an open-ocean bacterial anaerobic digestion process? With bacterial anaerobic digestion, you should be able to use Nualgi to start a bloom and then keep the bloom going by recycling the nutrients.
Does your success
Hi guys,
You might want to vote-in on the Manchester Report at: http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/page/2009/jul/13/1.
I recommend the Dr. Hansensupported Thorium Reactors. I've attached my MSWord summary of all the presentations.
Stephen, Timand I finished out of the top ten voting, butyou
Andrew Mike,
It appears humans are already engineering a "balance" of SO2 and CO2 emissions.That is, byblasting the cooling SO2 and the warming CO2 from smoke stacks, we are avoiding the fullimpacts of fossil CO2.Too bad the "balance" isn't sustainable. Perhaps funding for geo-engineering
Stuart,
Why bundle and stash terrestrial straw. Growing straw requires substantial fresh water and nutrients. You could bundle and stash algae instead. How about sargassum or kelp? A macro-algae can be bundled in large mesh "tea bags" with much of the water being squeezed out during the bundling
Alvia Stephen - One energy efficient arrangement would involve wind pumps on windy dry coasts. Direct wind is a great way to pump water, especially when you want to move more water to obtain more evaporation at higher wind speeds. You don't spray the water into the air, that is not energy
Dear Mike,
In your analogy Natural Ocean Bacterial Anaerobic Digestion (NOBAD, aka PODenergy) is a sailplane staying aloft indefinitely. It stays aloft by simultaneously capturing carbon from air for easy reliable sequestrationand producing energy in a form, pure biomethane, which already has
Dan,
What is the starting point concentration for the $40 per ton to convert gaseous CO2 to liquid CO2? The 400 ppm of atmosphere, the 10% of natural gas fuel exhaust, the 20% of coal fueled exhaust, or 100% CO2? Starting from 100% CO2 only needs compression to about 60 bar at 10 degrees C with
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