John I think that it will depend on the rate of boiling. Sectiom18-83 of the Perry Chemical Engineers Hand Book has information about demister design. There is also stuff at https://marineengineeringonline.com/fresh-water-generator-or-evaporator-alfa-laval-type/ I worked on a desalination technique using energy from sea waves which required demisting. The design used a random packed bed of 10 mm diameter 10mm long stainless thin-wall stainless steel tubes but I was trying to stop all the salt. Stephen
From: John Macdonald <ningal...@icloud.com> Sent: 18 August 2023 13:25 To: Stephen Salter <s.sal...@ed.ac.uk> Cc: Stephen Salter <s.sal...@oceancooling.org>; Chris Vivian <chris.vivi...@btinternet.com>; Ron Baiman <rpbai...@gmail.com>; 'Eelco Rohling' via NOAC Meetings <noac-meeti...@googlegroups.com>; Healthy Climate Alliance <healthy-climate-allia...@googlegroups.com>; geoengineering <geoengineering@googlegroups.com> Subject: Re: [prag] RE: Request for Feedback: Open Letter Supporting Research on Three Responses to Warming Impact of Bunker Fuel Regulations This email was sent to you by someone outside the University. You should only click on links or attachments if you are certain that the email is genuine and the content is safe. That’s interesting Stephen. I has been my understanding that when saltwater is boiled, the steam that is produced is generally free of salt ie. that the distillation process of boiling water causes the water to evaporate, leaving behind impurities like salt and other minerals. I agree that input from the atmospheric physics community re the right salt mass would be welcome. John On 18 Aug 2023, at 9:36 pm, Stephen Salter <s.sal...@ed.ac.uk<mailto:s.sal...@ed.ac.uk>> wrote: John It would be a good idea to use free waste heat but boiling produces lots of salty bubbles which may contain more salt than we want. We would have to fit demisters and do some size selection. The right salt mass matters. I think it is 10^-14 grams but would like this confirmed by the atmospheric physics community. Stephen From: 'John Macdonald' via Planetary Restoration <planetary-restorat...@googlegroups.com<mailto:planetary-restorat...@googlegroups.com>> Sent: 18 August 2023 12:22 To: Stephen Salter <s.sal...@oceancooling.org<mailto:s.sal...@oceancooling.org>> Cc: Chris Vivian <chris.vivi...@btinternet.com<mailto:chris.vivi...@btinternet.com>>; Ron Baiman <rpbai...@gmail.com<mailto:rpbai...@gmail.com>>; 'Eelco Rohling' via NOAC Meetings <noac-meeti...@googlegroups.com<mailto:noac-meeti...@googlegroups.com>>; Planetary Restoration <planetary-restorat...@googlegroups.com<mailto:planetary-restorat...@googlegroups.com>>; Healthy Climate Alliance <healthy-climate-allia...@googlegroups.com<mailto:healthy-climate-allia...@googlegroups.com>>; geoengineering <geoengineering@googlegroups.com<mailto:geoengineering@googlegroups.com>>; Stephen Salter <s.sal...@ed.ac.uk<mailto:s.sal...@ed.ac.uk>> Subject: Re: [prag] RE: Request for Feedback: Open Letter Supporting Research on Three Responses to Warming Impact of Bunker Fuel Regulations This email was sent to you by someone outside the University. You should only click on links or attachments if you are certain that the email is genuine and the content is safe. Hi Stephen and all Seawater could also be boiled from hot exhaust gases using heat exchangers. The pure steam plume could then be re entrained with sprayed seawater or fine dry salt powder to reintroduce particles necessary for CCN cloud formation. John Macdonald On 17 Aug 2023, at 9:32 pm, Stephen Salter <s.sal...@oceancooling.org<mailto:s.sal...@oceancooling.org>> wrote: Hi All Most ships use big Diesel engines. If we can make submicron drops of filtered sea water we can inject them into the hot gas of the exhaust manifold. The corrosion rate will not be greater than the former sulphuric acid. Stephen From: 'Chris Vivian' via Healthy Planet Action Coalition (HPAC) <healthy-planet-action-coalit...@googlegroups.com<mailto:healthy-planet-action-coalit...@googlegroups.com>> Sent: 16 August 2023 10:17 To: 'Ron Baiman' <rpbai...@gmail.com<mailto:rpbai...@gmail.com>>; 'healthy-planet-action-coalition' <healthy-planet-action-coalit...@googlegroups.com<mailto:healthy-planet-action-coalit...@googlegroups.com>>; ''Eelco Rohling' via NOAC Meetings' <noac-meeti...@googlegroups.com<mailto:noac-meeti...@googlegroups.com>>; 'Planetary Restoration' <planetary-restorat...@googlegroups.com<mailto:planetary-restorat...@googlegroups.com>>; 'Healthy Climate Alliance' <healthy-climate-allia...@googlegroups.com<mailto:healthy-climate-allia...@googlegroups.com>>; 'geoengineering' <geoengineering@googlegroups.com<mailto:geoengineering@googlegroups.com>> Cc: 'SALTER Stephen' <s.sal...@ed.ac.uk<mailto:s.sal...@ed.ac.uk>> Subject: RE: Request for Feedback: Open Letter Supporting Research on Three Responses to Warming Impact of Bunker Fuel Regulations Ron, With regard to your second paragraph, you could include this graph from the Carbon Brief article by Hausfather and Forster (2023) in your reference list - https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-how-low-sulphur-shipping-rules-are-affecting-global-warming/. It could also be referenced in the second paragraph of the open letter: <image002.png> In the second point about sponsoring research I suggest you should delete ‘sulfur’ at the end of the 4th line and just leave it to refer to aerosols. Otherwise you are restricting the research to just substances containing sulphur and there may be suitable non-sulphur containing materials that could produce useful aerosols. With regard to Ron’s suggested 4th point, I think you should run it past a shipping person before including it as I think it has some potential problems including: 1. I doubt that “… space now needed for bunker fuel is sufficient for the less energy dense biomass”. 2. Ron says “Space now used for bunker fuel might be enough, but the huge multi-ocean cargo ships now using bunker fuels seem large enough to open up new space for biomass fuel”. I doubt that shipping companies would be willing to give up cargo space. Many have already had to accommodate Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems. Best wishes Chris. From: noac-meeti...@googlegroups.com<mailto:noac-meeti...@googlegroups.com> <noac-meeti...@googlegroups.com<mailto:noac-meeti...@googlegroups.com>> On Behalf Of Ron Baiman Sent: Tuesday, August 15, 2023 10:20 PM To: healthy-planet-action-coalition <healthy-planet-action-coalit...@googlegroups.com<mailto:healthy-planet-action-coalit...@googlegroups.com>>; 'Eelco Rohling' via NOAC Meetings <noac-meeti...@googlegroups.com<mailto:noac-meeti...@googlegroups.com>>; Planetary Restoration <planetary-restorat...@googlegroups.com<mailto:planetary-restorat...@googlegroups.com>>; Healthy Climate Alliance <healthy-climate-allia...@googlegroups.com<mailto:healthy-climate-allia...@googlegroups.com>>; geoengineering <geoengineering@googlegroups.com<mailto:geoengineering@googlegroups.com>> Cc: SALTER Stephen <s.sal...@ed.ac.uk<mailto:s.sal...@ed.ac.uk>> Subject: Request for Feedback: Open Letter Supporting Research on Three Responses to Warming Impact of Bunker Fuel Regulations Dear Colleagues, I would greatly appreciate suggested edits and comments to this proposed open letter: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ewSMGl1bnh-umD86pT0x_2-EvaZUHbe1/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=116465941111195452408&rtpof=true&sd=true Most importantly, does the text and the three requests (one inspired by a comment from Stephen Salter) make sense, and is the overall descriptive language accurate? 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