[PATCH v2 1/4] sequencer: fix "rebase -i --root" corrupting author header

[Eric Sunshine]

When "git rebase -i --root" creates a new root commit (say, by swapping
in a different commit for the root), it corrupts the commit's "author"
header with trailing garbage:

    author A U Thor <aut...@example.com> @1112912773 -0700...@example.com

This is a result of read_author_ident() neglecting to NUL-terminate the
buffer into which it composes the "author" header.

(Note that the "@" preceding the timestamp and the extra "0" in the
timezone are separate bugs which will be fixed subsequently.)

Security considerations: Construction of the "author" header by
read_author_ident() happens in-place and in parallel with parsing the
content of "rebase-merge/author-script" which occupies the same buffer.
This is possible because the constructed "author" header is always
smaller than the content of "rebase-merge/author-script". Despite
neglecting to NUL-terminate the constructed "author" header, memory is
never accessed (either by read_author_ident() or its caller) beyond the
allocated buffer since a NUL-terminator is present at the end of the
loaded "rebase-merge/author-script" content, and additional NUL's are
inserted as part of the parsing process.

Signed-off-by: Eric Sunshine <sunsh...@sunshineco.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schinde...@gmx.de>
---
 sequencer.c                   |  2 +-
 t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh | 10 +++++++++-
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/sequencer.c b/sequencer.c
index 16c1411054..78864d9072 100644
--- a/sequencer.c
+++ b/sequencer.c
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ static const char *read_author_ident(struct strbuf *buf)
                return NULL;
        }
 
-       buf->len = out - buf->buf;
+       strbuf_setlen(buf, out - buf->buf);
        return buf->buf;
 }
 
diff --git a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
index 01616901bd..d6e9b52740 100755
--- a/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
+++ b/t/t3404-rebase-interactive.sh
@@ -1238,7 +1238,7 @@ rebase_setup_and_clean () {
                test_might_fail git branch -D $1 &&
                test_might_fail git rebase --abort
        " &&
-       git checkout -b $1 master
+       git checkout -b $1 ${2:-master}
 }
 
 test_expect_success 'drop' '
@@ -1415,4 +1415,12 @@ test_expect_success 'rebase -i --gpg-sign=<key-id> 
overrides commit.gpgSign' '
        test_i18ngrep "$SQ-S\"S I Gner\"$SQ" err
 '
 
+test_expect_success 'valid author header after --root swap' '
+       rebase_setup_and_clean author-header no-conflict-branch &&
+       set_fake_editor &&
+       FAKE_LINES="2 1" git rebase -i --root &&
+       git cat-file commit HEAD^ >out &&
+       grep "^author ..*> @[0-9][0-9]* [-+][0-9][0-9]*$" out
+'
+
 test_done
-- 
2.18.0.267.gbc8be36ecb