These delta pointers always point to elements in the objects[] array
in packing_data struct. We can only hold maximum 4G of those objects
because the array size in nr_objects is uint32_t. We could use
uint32_t indexes to address these elements instead of pointers. On
64-bit architecture (8 bytes per pointer) this would save 4 bytes per
pointer.

Convert these delta pointers to indexes. Since we need to handle NULL
pointers as well, the index is shifted by one [1].

[1] This means we can only index 2^32-2 objects even though nr_objects
    could contain 2^32-1 objects. It should not be a problem in
    practice because when we grow objects[], nr_alloc would probably
    blow up long before nr_objects hits the wall.

Signed-off-by: Nguyễn Thái Ngọc Duy <pclo...@gmail.com>
---
 builtin/pack-objects.c | 117 ++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------
 pack-objects.h         |  67 +++++++++++++++++++++--
 2 files changed, 125 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)

diff --git a/builtin/pack-objects.c b/builtin/pack-objects.c
index 2784d58ec2..ec02641d2e 100644
--- a/builtin/pack-objects.c
+++ b/builtin/pack-objects.c
@@ -32,6 +32,12 @@
 #include "object-store.h"
 
 #define IN_PACK(obj) oe_in_pack(&to_pack, obj)
+#define DELTA(obj) oe_delta(&to_pack, obj)
+#define DELTA_CHILD(obj) oe_delta_child(&to_pack, obj)
+#define DELTA_SIBLING(obj) oe_delta_sibling(&to_pack, obj)
+#define SET_DELTA(obj, val) oe_set_delta(&to_pack, obj, val)
+#define SET_DELTA_CHILD(obj, val) oe_set_delta_child(&to_pack, obj, val)
+#define SET_DELTA_SIBLING(obj, val) oe_set_delta_sibling(&to_pack, obj, val)
 
 static const char *pack_usage[] = {
        N_("git pack-objects --stdout [<options>...] [< <ref-list> | < 
<object-list>]"),
@@ -129,10 +135,11 @@ static void *get_delta(struct object_entry *entry)
        buf = read_object_file(&entry->idx.oid, &type, &size);
        if (!buf)
                die("unable to read %s", oid_to_hex(&entry->idx.oid));
-       base_buf = read_object_file(&entry->delta->idx.oid, &type, &base_size);
+       base_buf = read_object_file(&DELTA(entry)->idx.oid, &type,
+                                   &base_size);
        if (!base_buf)
                die("unable to read %s",
-                   oid_to_hex(&entry->delta->idx.oid));
+                   oid_to_hex(&DELTA(entry)->idx.oid));
        delta_buf = diff_delta(base_buf, base_size,
                               buf, size, &delta_size, 0);
        if (!delta_buf || delta_size != entry->delta_size)
@@ -288,12 +295,12 @@ static unsigned long write_no_reuse_object(struct 
hashfile *f, struct object_ent
                size = entry->delta_size;
                buf = entry->delta_data;
                entry->delta_data = NULL;
-               type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+               type = (allow_ofs_delta && DELTA(entry)->idx.offset) ?
                        OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
        } else {
                buf = get_delta(entry);
                size = entry->delta_size;
-               type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+               type = (allow_ofs_delta && DELTA(entry)->idx.offset) ?
                        OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
        }
 
@@ -317,7 +324,7 @@ static unsigned long write_no_reuse_object(struct hashfile 
*f, struct object_ent
                 * encoding of the relative offset for the delta
                 * base from this object's position in the pack.
                 */
-               off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
+               off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - DELTA(entry)->idx.offset;
                unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
                dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
                while (ofs >>= 7)
@@ -343,7 +350,7 @@ static unsigned long write_no_reuse_object(struct hashfile 
*f, struct object_ent
                        return 0;
                }
                hashwrite(f, header, hdrlen);
-               hashwrite(f, entry->delta->idx.oid.hash, 20);
+               hashwrite(f, DELTA(entry)->idx.oid.hash, 20);
                hdrlen += 20;
        } else {
                if (limit && hdrlen + datalen + 20 >= limit) {
@@ -379,8 +386,8 @@ static off_t write_reuse_object(struct hashfile *f, struct 
object_entry *entry,
                      dheader[MAX_PACK_OBJECT_HEADER];
        unsigned hdrlen;
 
-       if (entry->delta)
-               type = (allow_ofs_delta && entry->delta->idx.offset) ?
+       if (DELTA(entry))
+               type = (allow_ofs_delta && DELTA(entry)->idx.offset) ?
                        OBJ_OFS_DELTA : OBJ_REF_DELTA;
        hdrlen = encode_in_pack_object_header(header, sizeof(header),
                                              type, entry->size);
@@ -408,7 +415,7 @@ static off_t write_reuse_object(struct hashfile *f, struct 
object_entry *entry,
        }
 
        if (type == OBJ_OFS_DELTA) {
-               off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - entry->delta->idx.offset;
+               off_t ofs = entry->idx.offset - DELTA(entry)->idx.offset;
                unsigned pos = sizeof(dheader) - 1;
                dheader[pos] = ofs & 127;
                while (ofs >>= 7)
@@ -427,7 +434,7 @@ static off_t write_reuse_object(struct hashfile *f, struct 
object_entry *entry,
                        return 0;
                }
                hashwrite(f, header, hdrlen);
-               hashwrite(f, entry->delta->idx.oid.hash, 20);
+               hashwrite(f, DELTA(entry)->idx.oid.hash, 20);
                hdrlen += 20;
                reused_delta++;
        } else {
@@ -467,13 +474,13 @@ static off_t write_object(struct hashfile *f,
        else
                limit = pack_size_limit - write_offset;
 
-       if (!entry->delta)
+       if (!DELTA(entry))
                usable_delta = 0;       /* no delta */
        else if (!pack_size_limit)
               usable_delta = 1;        /* unlimited packfile */
-       else if (entry->delta->idx.offset == (off_t)-1)
+       else if (DELTA(entry)->idx.offset == (off_t)-1)
                usable_delta = 0;       /* base was written to another pack */
-       else if (entry->delta->idx.offset)
+       else if (DELTA(entry)->idx.offset)
                usable_delta = 1;       /* base already exists in this pack */
        else
                usable_delta = 0;       /* base could end up in another pack */
@@ -489,7 +496,7 @@ static off_t write_object(struct hashfile *f,
                                /* ... but pack split may override that */
        else if (oe_type(entry) != entry->in_pack_type)
                to_reuse = 0;   /* pack has delta which is unusable */
-       else if (entry->delta)
+       else if (DELTA(entry))
                to_reuse = 0;   /* we want to pack afresh */
        else
                to_reuse = 1;   /* we have it in-pack undeltified,
@@ -541,12 +548,12 @@ static enum write_one_status write_one(struct hashfile *f,
        }
 
        /* if we are deltified, write out base object first. */
-       if (e->delta) {
+       if (DELTA(e)) {
                e->idx.offset = 1; /* now recurse */
-               switch (write_one(f, e->delta, offset)) {
+               switch (write_one(f, DELTA(e), offset)) {
                case WRITE_ONE_RECURSIVE:
                        /* we cannot depend on this one */
-                       e->delta = NULL;
+                       SET_DELTA(e, NULL);
                        break;
                default:
                        break;
@@ -608,34 +615,34 @@ static void add_descendants_to_write_order(struct 
object_entry **wo,
                        /* add this node... */
                        add_to_write_order(wo, endp, e);
                        /* all its siblings... */
-                       for (s = e->delta_sibling; s; s = s->delta_sibling) {
+                       for (s = DELTA_SIBLING(e); s; s = DELTA_SIBLING(s)) {
                                add_to_write_order(wo, endp, s);
                        }
                }
                /* drop down a level to add left subtree nodes if possible */
-               if (e->delta_child) {
+               if (DELTA_CHILD(e)) {
                        add_to_order = 1;
-                       e = e->delta_child;
+                       e = DELTA_CHILD(e);
                } else {
                        add_to_order = 0;
                        /* our sibling might have some children, it is next */
-                       if (e->delta_sibling) {
-                               e = e->delta_sibling;
+                       if (DELTA_SIBLING(e)) {
+                               e = DELTA_SIBLING(e);
                                continue;
                        }
                        /* go back to our parent node */
-                       e = e->delta;
-                       while (e && !e->delta_sibling) {
+                       e = DELTA(e);
+                       while (e && !DELTA_SIBLING(e)) {
                                /* we're on the right side of a subtree, keep
                                 * going up until we can go right again */
-                               e = e->delta;
+                               e = DELTA(e);
                        }
                        if (!e) {
                                /* done- we hit our original root node */
                                return;
                        }
                        /* pass it off to sibling at this level */
-                       e = e->delta_sibling;
+                       e = DELTA_SIBLING(e);
                }
        };
 }
@@ -646,7 +653,7 @@ static void add_family_to_write_order(struct object_entry 
**wo,
 {
        struct object_entry *root;
 
-       for (root = e; root->delta; root = root->delta)
+       for (root = e; DELTA(root); root = DELTA(root))
                ; /* nothing */
        add_descendants_to_write_order(wo, endp, root);
 }
@@ -661,8 +668,8 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
        for (i = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
                objects[i].tagged = 0;
                objects[i].filled = 0;
-               objects[i].delta_child = NULL;
-               objects[i].delta_sibling = NULL;
+               SET_DELTA_CHILD(&objects[i], NULL);
+               SET_DELTA_SIBLING(&objects[i], NULL);
        }
 
        /*
@@ -672,11 +679,11 @@ static struct object_entry **compute_write_order(void)
         */
        for (i = to_pack.nr_objects; i > 0;) {
                struct object_entry *e = &objects[--i];
-               if (!e->delta)
+               if (!DELTA(e))
                        continue;
                /* Mark me as the first child */
-               e->delta_sibling = e->delta->delta_child;
-               e->delta->delta_child = e;
+               e->delta_sibling_idx = DELTA(e)->delta_child_idx;
+               SET_DELTA_CHILD(DELTA(e), e);
        }
 
        /*
@@ -1493,10 +1500,10 @@ static void check_object(struct object_entry *entry)
                         * circular deltas.
                         */
                        oe_set_type(entry, entry->in_pack_type);
-                       entry->delta = base_entry;
+                       SET_DELTA(entry, base_entry);
                        entry->delta_size = entry->size;
-                       entry->delta_sibling = base_entry->delta_child;
-                       base_entry->delta_child = entry;
+                       entry->delta_sibling_idx = base_entry->delta_child_idx;
+                       SET_DELTA_CHILD(base_entry, entry);
                        unuse_pack(&w_curs);
                        return;
                }
@@ -1567,17 +1574,19 @@ static int pack_offset_sort(const void *_a, const void 
*_b)
  */
 static void drop_reused_delta(struct object_entry *entry)
 {
-       struct object_entry **p = &entry->delta->delta_child;
+       unsigned *idx = &to_pack.objects[entry->delta_idx - 1].delta_child_idx;
        struct object_info oi = OBJECT_INFO_INIT;
        enum object_type type;
 
-       while (*p) {
-               if (*p == entry)
-                       *p = (*p)->delta_sibling;
+       while (*idx) {
+               struct object_entry *oe = &to_pack.objects[*idx - 1];
+
+               if (oe == entry)
+                       *idx = oe->delta_sibling_idx;
                else
-                       p = &(*p)->delta_sibling;
+                       idx = &oe->delta_sibling_idx;
        }
-       entry->delta = NULL;
+       SET_DELTA(entry, NULL);
        entry->depth = 0;
 
        oi.sizep = &entry->size;
@@ -1617,7 +1626,7 @@ static void break_delta_chains(struct object_entry *entry)
 
        for (cur = entry, total_depth = 0;
             cur;
-            cur = cur->delta, total_depth++) {
+            cur = DELTA(cur), total_depth++) {
                if (cur->dfs_state == DFS_DONE) {
                        /*
                         * We've already seen this object and know it isn't
@@ -1642,7 +1651,7 @@ static void break_delta_chains(struct object_entry *entry)
                 * it's not a delta, we're done traversing, but we'll mark it
                 * done to save time on future traversals.
                 */
-               if (!cur->delta) {
+               if (!DELTA(cur)) {
                        cur->dfs_state = DFS_DONE;
                        break;
                }
@@ -1665,7 +1674,7 @@ static void break_delta_chains(struct object_entry *entry)
                 * We keep all commits in the chain that we examined.
                 */
                cur->dfs_state = DFS_ACTIVE;
-               if (cur->delta->dfs_state == DFS_ACTIVE) {
+               if (DELTA(cur)->dfs_state == DFS_ACTIVE) {
                        drop_reused_delta(cur);
                        cur->dfs_state = DFS_DONE;
                        break;
@@ -1680,7 +1689,7 @@ static void break_delta_chains(struct object_entry *entry)
         * an extra "next" pointer to keep going after we reset cur->delta.
         */
        for (cur = entry; cur; cur = next) {
-               next = cur->delta;
+               next = DELTA(cur);
 
                /*
                 * We should have a chain of zero or more ACTIVE states down to
@@ -1865,7 +1874,7 @@ static int try_delta(struct unpacked *trg, struct 
unpacked *src,
 
        /* Now some size filtering heuristics. */
        trg_size = trg_entry->size;
-       if (!trg_entry->delta) {
+       if (!DELTA(trg_entry)) {
                max_size = trg_size/2 - 20;
                ref_depth = 1;
        } else {
@@ -1939,7 +1948,7 @@ static int try_delta(struct unpacked *trg, struct 
unpacked *src,
        if (!delta_buf)
                return 0;
 
-       if (trg_entry->delta) {
+       if (DELTA(trg_entry)) {
                /* Prefer only shallower same-sized deltas. */
                if (delta_size == trg_entry->delta_size &&
                    src->depth + 1 >= trg->depth) {
@@ -1968,7 +1977,7 @@ static int try_delta(struct unpacked *trg, struct 
unpacked *src,
                free(delta_buf);
        }
 
-       trg_entry->delta = src_entry;
+       SET_DELTA(trg_entry, src_entry);
        trg_entry->delta_size = delta_size;
        trg->depth = src->depth + 1;
 
@@ -1977,13 +1986,13 @@ static int try_delta(struct unpacked *trg, struct 
unpacked *src,
 
 static unsigned int check_delta_limit(struct object_entry *me, unsigned int n)
 {
-       struct object_entry *child = me->delta_child;
+       struct object_entry *child = DELTA_CHILD(me);
        unsigned int m = n;
        while (child) {
                unsigned int c = check_delta_limit(child, n + 1);
                if (m < c)
                        m = c;
-               child = child->delta_sibling;
+               child = DELTA_SIBLING(child);
        }
        return m;
 }
@@ -2052,7 +2061,7 @@ static void find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, 
unsigned *list_size,
                 * otherwise they would become too deep.
                 */
                max_depth = depth;
-               if (entry->delta_child) {
+               if (DELTA_CHILD(entry)) {
                        max_depth -= check_delta_limit(entry, 0);
                        if (max_depth <= 0)
                                goto next;
@@ -2102,7 +2111,7 @@ static void find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, 
unsigned *list_size,
                 * depth, leaving it in the window is pointless.  we
                 * should evict it first.
                 */
-               if (entry->delta && max_depth <= n->depth)
+               if (DELTA(entry) && max_depth <= n->depth)
                        continue;
 
                /*
@@ -2110,7 +2119,7 @@ static void find_deltas(struct object_entry **list, 
unsigned *list_size,
                 * currently deltified object, to keep it longer.  It will
                 * be the first base object to be attempted next.
                 */
-               if (entry->delta) {
+               if (DELTA(entry)) {
                        struct unpacked swap = array[best_base];
                        int dist = (window + idx - best_base) % window;
                        int dst = best_base;
@@ -2431,7 +2440,7 @@ static void prepare_pack(int window, int depth)
        for (i = 0; i < to_pack.nr_objects; i++) {
                struct object_entry *entry = to_pack.objects + i;
 
-               if (entry->delta)
+               if (DELTA(entry))
                        /* This happens if we decided to reuse existing
                         * delta from a pack.  "reuse_delta &&" is implied.
                         */
diff --git a/pack-objects.h b/pack-objects.h
index 7bedd5af81..e962dce3c0 100644
--- a/pack-objects.h
+++ b/pack-objects.h
@@ -70,11 +70,11 @@ struct object_entry {
        unsigned long size;     /* uncompressed size */
        unsigned in_pack_idx:OE_IN_PACK_BITS;   /* already in pack */
        off_t in_pack_offset;
-       struct object_entry *delta;     /* delta base object */
-       struct object_entry *delta_child; /* deltified objects who bases me */
-       struct object_entry *delta_sibling; /* other deltified objects who
-                                            * uses the same base as me
-                                            */
+       uint32_t delta_idx;     /* delta base object */
+       uint32_t delta_child_idx; /* deltified objects who bases me */
+       uint32_t delta_sibling_idx; /* other deltified objects who
+                                    * uses the same base as me
+                                    */
        void *delta_data;       /* cached delta (uncompressed) */
        unsigned long delta_size;       /* delta data size (uncompressed) */
        unsigned long z_delta_size;     /* delta data size (compressed) */
@@ -194,4 +194,61 @@ static inline void oe_set_in_pack(struct packing_data 
*pack,
                pack->in_pack[e - pack->objects] = p;
 }
 
+static inline struct object_entry *oe_delta(
+               const struct packing_data *pack,
+               const struct object_entry *e)
+{
+       if (e->delta_idx)
+               return &pack->objects[e->delta_idx - 1];
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void oe_set_delta(struct packing_data *pack,
+                               struct object_entry *e,
+                               struct object_entry *delta)
+{
+       if (delta)
+               e->delta_idx = (delta - pack->objects) + 1;
+       else
+               e->delta_idx = 0;
+}
+
+static inline struct object_entry *oe_delta_child(
+               const struct packing_data *pack,
+               const struct object_entry *e)
+{
+       if (e->delta_child_idx)
+               return &pack->objects[e->delta_child_idx - 1];
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void oe_set_delta_child(struct packing_data *pack,
+                                     struct object_entry *e,
+                                     struct object_entry *delta)
+{
+       if (delta)
+               e->delta_child_idx = (delta - pack->objects) + 1;
+       else
+               e->delta_child_idx = 0;
+}
+
+static inline struct object_entry *oe_delta_sibling(
+               const struct packing_data *pack,
+               const struct object_entry *e)
+{
+       if (e->delta_sibling_idx)
+               return &pack->objects[e->delta_sibling_idx - 1];
+       return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void oe_set_delta_sibling(struct packing_data *pack,
+                                       struct object_entry *e,
+                                       struct object_entry *delta)
+{
+       if (delta)
+               e->delta_sibling_idx = (delta - pack->objects) + 1;
+       else
+               e->delta_sibling_idx = 0;
+}
+
 #endif
-- 
2.17.0.367.g5dd2e386c3

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