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Below are some articles written in the past. Unfortunately, the media in
New Delhi doesn't seem to see this as much of an issue. Maybe it has
nothing to do with the location of Dabolim, but more to do with the
choice of the Sea Harriers as a suitable aircraft costing billions of
rupees. FN
PS: All the articles date back to past years, maybe two or more.
PPS: The second report is not related to Sea Harriers, and has to do
with a mid-air collision. But there could be some pointers there....

> <the number of Sea Harriers that have crashed off Goa
> is surely not funny..>
> 
> It would be helpful if we had some factual information (brief) about this
> and other accidents/incidents at Dabolim. It would enable us to argue more
> effectively for the suspension of training flights in particular at Dabolim.
> These are not only slot consuming activites but also dangerous as the
> accidents highlight. Besides, the Goa environment may not be conducive for
> serious trainng activities involving high performance machines. The Navy
> should realise its mistake and move out sensibly from Dabolim. Else the same
> problem will recur with the new MIG-29Ks!

Goa sees latest in string of Sea Harrier crashes; airport back in action

>From Frederick Noronha

PANAJI (Goa), Dec 17 (IANS): Thursday noon's crash-landing at Goa's
Navy-controlled Dabolim airport continues a long string of mishaps in
India involving this sophisticated air-defence, surface-attack and
reconiassance British aircraft.

Before noon Thursday, an Indian Navy Sea Harrier crash-landed. Two
pilots, including a trainee, ejected safely. The aircraft is learnt to
have crashed on the runway during landing at a short height. 

Traffic at Dabolim, Goa's lone airport that gets international flights
on the weekends, was temporarily closed. Incomding flights from nearby
Indian cities were delayed at their respective airports.

In 1983-1984, India obtained a batch of six Sea Harrier Mark 51s, apart
from two tandem-seat "T.60s" for use off their carrier INS Vikrant.

Ten more Mark 51s and a T.60 were ordered in 1985 and delivered in
1989-1991, with another batch of seven Mark 51s and a fourth T.60
ordered and delivered after that, for a total of 23 Mark 51s and four
T.60s. Two more T.60s, which were modified from RAF surplus T.4s, were
obtained in the 1990s as attrition replacements.

The Indian Sea Harriers have operated off both the aircraft-carrier
Vikrant and the INS Viraat, previously the HMS Hermes. The Vikrant was
refitted with a ski jump in 1991, which forced the retirement of the
carrier's French Breguet Alize maritime patrol aircraft. The Vikrant
was retired in in 1996 but the Viraat, with a 12-degree ski jump,
stayed on in service.

Military statistics indicate however that a number of Sea Harriers have
been lost in accidents here. This includes losses during accidents in
May 1988 (near Goa), June 1988 (Chengalpatu district), June 1992, Dec
1992, Aug 1994, Feb 1996 (missing during nightflying oversea from Goa),
Sept 1997 (in the sea off Goa), Nov 1998 (in Indian Ocean), May 2001
(near Canacona, Goa), Aug 2003 (off the Goa sea). 

The Sea Harrier, as its "FRS" (flight-reconnaissance-strike)
designation implied, was intended to be a multi-role aircraft, suited
for air combat.

As its primary target was expected to be Soviet Bear-class turboprop
reconnaissance and missile-attack aircraft, the Sea Harrier's subsonic
speed was not regarded as a major limitation.

The Harrier emerged from the P.1127 / Kestrel by a complicated and
more-or-less lucky sequence of events. The aircraft that resulted,
though suffering from a number of limitations in performance, range,
and warload, proved extremely useful, and became an important
front-line asset for both the Royal Air Force and the US Marine Corps
(USMC).

In 1966, Britain's planned CVA-01 class aircraft carriers were
cancelled, apparently ending the Royal Navy's involvement in fixed-wing
carrier aviation.

However beginning in the early 1970s the first of a new class of
"through deck cruisers" was planned, carefully named to avoid the term
"aircraft carrier" to increase the chances of funding. 

These ships would eventually become the Invincible class aircraft
carriers. With little modification, a 'ski-jump' was added to the end
of the 170m deck, the carriers could operate a small number of STOVL
jets.

In Britain, earlier versions of the Sea Harrier were ordered by the
Royal Navy in 1975. Sea Harriers claimed successes in air combat in the
Falklands (or the Malvinas) War with Argentina. 

India purchased 24 Sea Harrier FRS.51s, a version of FRS.1, 23 of which
remain in service.

In 2002 the UK Ministry of Defence announced plans to withdraw the Sea
Harrier from service by 2006. The aircraft's replacement, the
Lockheed-Northrop-BAE F-35, is not due until 2012 at the earliest
however the UK's Ministry of Defence argues that significant
expenditure would be required to upgrade the fleet for only six years
service. 

Sea Harriers are capable of vertical/short take off and landing
(VSTOL). Figures here indicate that the Indian Navy currently has some
17 Sea Harriers in its fleet, costing according to unofficial figures
approx US$9 million each. (ENDS)

TOP PRIORITY * FIELD REPORT * URGENT

By Frederick Noronha

VASCO DA GAMA (Goa), Oct 1: Carpenters and other workers putting on
finishing touches on a bungalow at Goa's port town of Vasco da Gama
watched with amazement at the aerial fly-past, till they realised that
the Ilyushins flying overhead were about to come crashing down on them.

"There are three bodies in the next room," said a shattered Prabhakar
Acharya, 44, a migrant-carpenter from the coastal Karnataka region of
Udupi. He was one of those lucky to escape from a bungalow being
constructed, after a mid-air collision of the two crafts here Tuesday
morning.

This time, it wasn't one of the V/STOL (Vertical/Short Take-Off and
Landing) Sea Harriers -- quite a few of which have crashed in recent
years -- that was making news. This time it was the relatively safe
IL38, purchased from the erstwhile Soviet Union.

Ironically, the day of the tragedy -- which killed 15 people -- was to
have marked the 25th anniversary and 30,000 hours of accident-free
flying of Squadron 315. This squadron is made up of premier maritime
reconnaisance Ilyushin 38 aircrafts.

The IL-38 is considered a "potent anti-submarine, anti-surface vessel
platform", Navy officials had said prior to the illfated event. This
squadron has participated in all major operations and exercises
conducted by the Indian Navy since her commissioning on October 1,
1977.

Flag Officer Goa Area Rear Admiral Sunil Damle voiced regret at a late
evening press conference at the loss of the 12 navy officers and men.
They have been identified as Lt Commanders R Saini, S K Yadav and
Jaideep Dutta; Chief Air Artificer V Kumar, MCPOR J P Singh. 

In the other aircraft were Lt Commanders K S Rathore, S K Dutta, Karadi
and N Nirmal; MCPOR (Tel ) II ACM I Prakash, CHAA (ACMPE) AK Yadav and
MCAA-I S George. 

Indian Navy officials here also said the incident occurred at 9.45 am,
and added that the colleagues were "highly experienced" fliers. Initial
official reports said it was unclear the accident was caused by
mechanical failure, malfunction or human reasons.

Both the Ilyushin Soviet-build crafts crashed just close to Goa's lone
Navy-controlled Dabolim airport, and on a hillock on the outskirts of
this coastal state's port town which is home to the sprawling naval
station.

One craft ploughed into the half-finished bungalow, while the other
ended up as mangled parts in a fenced-off area across a road, less than
a kilometre away. Nearby, at a few hundred metres distance, is a
college where clesses were underway. 

By afternoon, Goa fire force personnel were seen tearing down the
rubble, trying to rescue workers possibly still trapped inside. Crowds
were seen thronging to the venue to the mishap, to see the
hard-to-believe site, atop a hillock overlooking the azure Arabian Sea.

"We were looking at it (the crafts in the sky) and within two minutes
we realised that one of the planes was hurtling down at us," Acharya,
from the village of Hangargatti in nearby South Karnataka's Udipi taluk
told this correspondent, speaking in Hindi.

On the site, Navymen were quick to cordon off the area.

Vasco-da-Gama, a crowded port town of nearly 100,000 named after a
sixteenth century Portuguese explorer and today a navy base, was
largely plunged into a power-failure, as one of the crashing aircrafts
ploughed also into a 33KV hightension line supplying power to the area,
before grinding to a halt largely wrecked. 

Goa is home to INS Hansa, India's premier naval air base. Currently
this small state is considered to have the country's largest naval air
station.

In recent years, it has however been plagued by repeated air crashes of
its vertical-takeoff Sea Harrier aircrafts, for unexplained reasons. 

Besides being home to the IL 38, the maritime anti-submarine aircraft
built by the former USSR and part of Squadron 315, Goa has also been
home to the French-built turbo-prop Alize aircrafts, the Sea Harriers,
the Soviet TU142Ms, Kamov 25 anti-submarine helicopters, and Chetak
helicopters, among others.  (ENDS)


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