-- With regards, J. M. Garg ---------- Forwarded message --------- From: Tapas Chakrabarty <tchak...@gmail.com> Date: Mon, 23 Aug, 2021, 3:05 am Subject: Re: [itpmods:15951] Fwd: What is the secret behind so many endemic species in Kerala ? To: itpmods <itpm...@googlegroups.com>
My comments may kindly be taken as a pure scientific discussion. I apologise if I have hurt sentiments of someone by using some harsh words. In fact we are noticing random new descriptions by some persons in each and every group. The Plant Discoveries published by BSI is documenting such publications in India but there is no comprehensive publication consolidating the nomenclatural changes including mergers in Indian perspective. POWO, to some extent, tries to keep the nomenclature up to date in relation to IPNI but it has own limitations. So, we at eFI should try to keep our database most up to date, as far as possible. This will further enhance the grandeur of the group. On Mon, 23 Aug 2021, 02:43 Tapas Chakrabarty, <tchak...@gmail.com> wrote: > As regards parameters of determining a new species, this procedure cannot > be standardized at all. I wrote these lines somewhere: > Only an experienced taxonomist expertising on a particular group can give > a sound judgement on delimitation. From numerical taxonomy, through > cladistics we are now in the era of molecular phylogenetics. Therefore, the > conclusions on morphological (both external and internal) should now be > corroborated with molecular studies. The delimiting characters vary from > group to group, e.g. a single inflorescence type delimits the family > Compositae but a combination of characters determine some others. Only an > expert/monographer rather than a random taxonomist/floristics worker can > give a sound judgement. Moreover, you cannot standardize the taxonomic > characters through mathematical formulae and statistical analysis and apply > them for delimitation for stabilizing the nomenclature. You must depend on > expert opinion only for delimitation of genera and infrageneric taxa. > > On Mon, 23 Aug 2021, 00:19 Giby Kuriakose, <giby.kuriak...@shcollege.ac.in> > wrote: > >> Thank you all for such a valid discussion. >> Thank you Garg ji for opening this discussion. >> >> I feel that many of the reasons or answers for the question are already >> covered in previous mails. >> I have a few more things to discuss. >> Myers et al. (2000) and Mittermier et al. (2011) and several others have >> explained multidimensional aspects of species endemism. >> I am attaching these papers herewith for your perusal. >> >> Few (more) reasons for Kerala having high endemism are: >> >> - Habitat heterogeneity >> - High frequency of ecotones >> - Micro -habitat and -climate variations. >> - Reduced number of dry months. >> - Geographical characters (for eg. Westward facing geography that is >> beneficial in getting/tapping maximum light). >> - Diverse edaphic features. >> - The Total geographical area is smaller, resulting in smaller >> habitats. This might enhance genetic drift as smaller populations help >> drift and fixation faster. >> >> There may be other reasons too. >> >> Thanks Vijaysankar ji for speaking some eye openers. >> You are absolutely right even ecotypes and ecads are also treated to be >> species discoveries. >> I have seen several colour and size variations in the same individual >> plants (of several species) across years during my phenology observations. >> Further, if a plant flowers in a different season, it may show some >> variations. >> This might be related to variation in the climate or local micro habitat >> characteristics. >> As Dr. Vijayasankar mentioned, habitat variation is a general fact for >> tropical parts of the world, which is proved by several studies. Most such >> studies are from elsewhere, unfortunately, there are not many studies from >> our regions. >> Kerala is blessed with several taxonomists across various time periods >> and we have few institutes and centres dedicated for taxonomy. >> Several species have been published with only one sighting and the >> majority of these new species do not have any further references in any >> later studies or inventories. >> No further evaluation, observation, or sightings about the majority of >> the newly published 'species'. >> Further, as Vijayasankar rightly pointed out, there are no set standards >> to call a plant a new species. >> >> >> Thanks and Regards, >> Giby >> >> >> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 10:48 PM Vijayasankar <vijay.botan...@gmail.com> >> wrote: >> >>> Good question Garg ji! >>> >>> As one of the major biodiversity hotspots of India, the Western Ghats >>> harbors a great species diversity with a high number of endemics. Also, >>> thanks to the active fieldwork and special documentation and exploration >>> programs, many new species are being discovered from previously under- and >>> un-explored areas. >>> >>> That said, there are concerns as discussed earlier. Another concern is >>> that there is no clear-cut definition of delimiting characters that qualify >>> a new species. Of the two kinds of botanists, the lumpers and splitters, >>> the latter kind mainly contributes to the inflated number of new species. >>> Of course there are exceptions. I documented more than 30 intra- and >>> infra-specific variations from my PhD study area alone but plants with some >>> of these documented variations (such as different flower color, leaf shape) >>> have been recently described as new species by folks even working in >>> reputed institutions. There is a tremendous interest among botanists to >>> publish new taxa. This is fueled in part by the current job offer and >>> promotion settings that credit and support quantity rather than the quality >>> of research publications. >>> >>> The review and publication process must be strengthened and made >>> transparent. Every journal should require sufficient proof and authenticity >>> of the Type specimens. There are so many predatory journals that publish >>> anything if the processing fee is paid. Young researchers should be made >>> aware of these and papers published in these journals should not be >>> considered when it comes to job offers or promotions. Also, we need many >>> revisioners, and while revising a genus or family the botanists should >>> consider and use the data from various fields of botany such as morphology, >>> anatomy, palynology, photochemistry and molecular biology, with >>> collaborations from international experts. >>> >>> Vijayasankar >>> --------------------------------------- >>> Vijayasankar Raman, Ph.D. >>> Sr. Research Scientist >>> University of Mississippi, USA >>> >>> >>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 11:01 AM J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> wrote: >>> >>>> Thanks a lot, Tapas ji, Singh ji and Rawat ji, for the detailed >>>> explainations. >>>> -- >>>> With regards, >>>> J. M. Garg >>>> >>>> On Sun, 22 Aug, 2021, 9:24 pm D.S Rawat, <drdsrawat.alpin...@gmail.com> >>>> wrote: >>>> >>>>> Garg Ji >>>>> >>>>> I really appreciate your knowledge on Indian flora and its >>>>> distribution. It was a fine and apt observation based inquiry on endemism >>>>> in flora of Kerala. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> See the number of taxa (mainly species) endemic to different states of >>>>> India based on the document by Botanical Survey of India (*Endemic >>>>> Vascular Plants of India* by Singh *et al*. 2015) below: >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> *State* >>>>> >>>>> *Narrow endemic Taxa (No)* >>>>> >>>>> *State* >>>>> >>>>> *Narrow endemic Taxa (No)* >>>>> >>>>> *Tamil Nadu * >>>>> >>>>> *410* >>>>> >>>>> *Himachal Pradesh* >>>>> >>>>> *28* >>>>> >>>>> *Kerala** (38,683 km2) * >>>>> >>>>> *1 species/108 km2* >>>>> >>>>> *357* >>>>> >>>>> *Uttar Pradesh* >>>>> >>>>> *26* >>>>> >>>>> *Maharashtra * >>>>> >>>>> *278* >>>>> >>>>> *West Bengal * >>>>> >>>>> *23* >>>>> >>>>> *Andaman Islands * >>>>> >>>>> *201* >>>>> >>>>> *Odisha* >>>>> >>>>> *20* >>>>> >>>>> *Arunachal Pradesh * >>>>> >>>>> *183* >>>>> >>>>> *Mizoram* >>>>> >>>>> *16* >>>>> >>>>> *Sikkim** (8586 km2) 1sp/54km2* >>>>> >>>>> *160* >>>>> >>>>> *Goa* >>>>> >>>>> *14* >>>>> >>>>> *Meghalaya * >>>>> >>>>> *134* >>>>> >>>>> *Rajasthan* >>>>> >>>>> *14* >>>>> >>>>> *Karnataka * >>>>> >>>>> *130* >>>>> >>>>> *Madhya Pradesh* >>>>> >>>>> *12* >>>>> >>>>> *Assam * >>>>> >>>>> *87* >>>>> >>>>> *Bihar* >>>>> >>>>> *6* >>>>> >>>>> *Jammu & Kashmir * >>>>> >>>>> *82* >>>>> >>>>> *Gujarat* >>>>> >>>>> *6* >>>>> >>>>> *Uttarakhand * >>>>> >>>>> *81* >>>>> >>>>> *Jharkhand* >>>>> >>>>> *3* >>>>> >>>>> *Nicobar Islands * >>>>> >>>>> *77* >>>>> >>>>> *Chattisgarh* >>>>> >>>>> 1 >>>>> >>>>> *Andhra Pradesh (undivided) * >>>>> >>>>> *64* >>>>> >>>>> *Punjab* >>>>> >>>>> 1 >>>>> >>>>> *Manipur * >>>>> >>>>> *45* >>>>> >>>>> *Tripura* >>>>> >>>>> 1 >>>>> >>>>> *Nagaland * >>>>> >>>>> *35* >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> Kerala state is located very close to the equator and lies in a >>>>> tropical zone (zone located between 23.50 north and south of equator) >>>>> which is considered the richest zone for biodiversity. It is believed that >>>>> in tropical zones life originated on earth and had maximum time to evolve >>>>> and diversify with less catastrophic natural disturbances as compared to >>>>> subtropical, temperate or arctic zones on earth. Here the temperature >>>>> remains similar throughout the year so it is not a seasonal abundance of >>>>> plants (as we see in subtropical or temperate zones where high diversity >>>>> of >>>>> plants can be seen in summer & rainy season), rather plants flourish >>>>> throughout the year. In addition, tropics receive a higher amount of solar >>>>> radiation which is the energy pool driving life on earth. More energy >>>>> available leads to more productivity and more diversity. A large part of >>>>> international biodiversity hot-spot “Western Ghats” lies in Kerala where >>>>> we >>>>> have a range of mountains clothed with rainforests and blessed with high >>>>> rainfall. Wherever we have mountains, due to great variability of >>>>> microhabitats, the diversity of life is high. The species which evolved in >>>>> tropics were not able to spread in adjacent subtropics due to lack of >>>>> their >>>>> climatic requirements in subtropics. The species which evolved in a >>>>> specific set of microhabitats in tropical mountains remained there as such >>>>> microhabitats were not available in subtropical mountains. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> However, the answer is not so simple and phytogeographers (scientists >>>>> who study distribution of plants) or ecologists have proposed many >>>>> theories >>>>> for richness of biodiversity in world tropics. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> This is a useful reading- >>>>> https://www.ecologycenter.us/tropical-forests/theories-to-explain-high-diversity-in-the-tropics.html >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> In my opinion (off-course with over-simplification) being located in >>>>> the tropics, having Western Ghat mountains, a lot of rainfall throughout >>>>> the year and ample exploratory work Kerala has a high number of species >>>>> and >>>>> endemic elements. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> New species described may get merged into older species with >>>>> revisionary works but still there will be a large number of species and >>>>> endemics in flora of Kerala as compared to many Indian states. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> In India, as per the information in the above table, Sikkim with just >>>>> 8586 km2 area has high endemisms- one endemic species for every 54 km2 >>>>> while Kerala has one endemic species for every 108 km2. >>>>> >>>>> The last word- answer is not simple and there are many known (and also >>>>> unknown) reasons behind high diversity and endemism in Kerala. >>>>> >>>>> DSRawat, Pantnagar >>>>> >>>>> ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ >>>>> Dr D.S. Rawat >>>>> Department of Biological Sciences, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture >>>>> & Technology Pantnagar-263 145 Uttarakhand, INDIA >>>>> *eflorapantnagar* <https://sites.google.com/site/eflorapantnagar/home> >>>>> displaying wild flora of Pantnagar >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 8:39 PM Gurcharan Singh <singh...@gmail.com> >>>>> wrote: >>>>> >>>>>> For me things are not that straightforward, comparing new species >>>>>> with endemics. A newly described species over a period of time may be >>>>>> discovered in neighbouring areas also, or merged with already known >>>>>> species >>>>>> from surrounding areas, it is only that author first describes it from a >>>>>> particular region. An endemic on the other hand may have arisen recently >>>>>> (through mutations, or crossing followed by duplication of chromosomes, >>>>>> since hybrids of most diploid species are sterile and perish very soon, >>>>>> unless maintained by vegetative means) and did not get get enough time to >>>>>> spread to similar surrounding areas (neoendemics), or widely spread once >>>>>> but getting restricted due to shrinking of their habitats >>>>>> (Palaeoendemics). >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> Dr. Gurcharan Singh >>>>>> Retired Associate Professor >>>>>> SGTB Khalsa College, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007 >>>>>> Res: 932 Anand Kunj, Vikas Puri, New Delhi-110018. >>>>>> https://www.gurcharanfamily.com/ >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021 at 8:10 PM Tapas Chakrabarty <tchak...@gmail.com> >>>>>> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>>> The amount of complicated montane forest ecosystems are probably >>>>>>> higher there and they receive more rains also...Some other climatic and >>>>>>> other factors may be responsible for this such as extensive >>>>>>> explorations. >>>>>>> However, some recent mergers suggest that the actual number of taxa >>>>>>> might >>>>>>> be somewhat inflated! >>>>>>> Thanking you. >>>>>>> Tapas. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021, 20:00 J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Thanks, Tapas ji, >>>>>>>> Your are most experienced among us. What do you think? >>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>> J. M. Garg >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug, 2021, 5:08 pm Tapas Chakrabarty, < >>>>>>>> tchak...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> Enjoying the discussion! >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021, 14:20 Pankaj Kumar, <sahanipan...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Please also remember that this issue is not just in Indian >>>>>>>>>> plants. I see more in Chinese plants actually !!! >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 at 16:43, J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> Thanks, Pankaj ji. >>>>>>>>>>> I also think that is much more important. >>>>>>>>>>> Revisionary studies with deep study of a genus with thousands of >>>>>>>>>>> specimens and hundreds of original literatures/ publications, are >>>>>>>>>>> much more >>>>>>>>>>> important. >>>>>>>>>>> It may certainly involve many many years of ones' productive >>>>>>>>>>> life. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 at 14:05, Pankaj Kumar < >>>>>>>>>>> sahanipan...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> In the past 10 years in Hong Kong, I have merged around 35 new >>>>>>>>>>>> and old species names into existing ones. Imagine, so much work to >>>>>>>>>>>> do. I >>>>>>>>>>>> already have a new list for my next publication. Achievement of a >>>>>>>>>>>> taxonomist is not just publishing new species but also correcting >>>>>>>>>>>> the >>>>>>>>>>>> existing ones. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 at 16:30, Dr E S Santhosh Kumar < >>>>>>>>>>>> santhoshkuma...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> Yes GargJi, this is what I too felt nowadays 🤣 >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021, 13:10 J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> I somehow have the feeling that only one out of the 10 >>>>>>>>>>>>>> species published currently, may stand the scrutiny of time and >>>>>>>>>>>>>> remain as a >>>>>>>>>>>>>> valid species and not relegated as a synonym. >>>>>>>>>>>>>> I do not know how others feel about it. Hard core taxonomists >>>>>>>>>>>>>> may give a better estimate. >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 at 13:03, J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Thanks a lot, Santhosh ji. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You have explained the things so well. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, 22 Aug 2021 at 13:00, Dr E S Santhosh Kumar < >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> essanthoshjntb...@gmail.com> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Dear friends, >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> The question " What is the secret behind so many endemic >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> species in Kerala? " raised by Gargji has several answers. The >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> first reason >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> has been very well explained by SanthanJi. Secondly, the flora >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> of Kerala >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> has been well explored and documented and every part of the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> state has been >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> thoroughly explored and the important findings were published >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in time. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> There are certain exceptions that a few new gen botanists >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> described the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> already known species in many foreign journals as new species >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> again. Sadly >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in several cases the reviewers never known about it. In the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> recent climatic >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> change scenario, several ephemerals become annuals or >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> biennials or even >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> perennials through several perennating mechanism. Such species >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> often >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> mistakenly described new during recent times from Kerala. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Genera such as >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Impatiens, Sonerila, Strobilanthes etc are having several >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> species grow >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> together in a biome often have a chance of exchange genes by >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> interbreeding >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> between them. The F1 generation often having characters of >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> both parents and >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> also possessing certain unique characters of themselves. It is >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> called >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Nothospecies. Such characters never having a chance of >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> continue over >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> generations. Some of the new gen botanists described such taxa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> as novelties >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> to science. There are several hidden agenda behind it. Certain >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> exotic >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> species naturalized in Kerala years ago show several >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ecological traits also >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> described novelties recently. Unnecessary addition of >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> fictitious >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> novelties increased the number of endemics in Kerala. I have >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> prepared a >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> list of such 'paper species', but wont like to publish in >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> such a public >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> forum. Let some experts in respective fields should tackle the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> issue. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Thanks >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Aug 22, 2021, 12:25 J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ---------- Forwarded message --------- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> From: J.M. Garg <jmga...@gmail.com> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Date: Sat, 14 Aug 2021 at 11:25 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Subject: What is the secret behind so many endemic species >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> in Kerala ? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To: efloraofindia <indiantreepix@googlegroups.com> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Dear members, >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> While browsing through Flora of Peninsular India, I >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> generally found that Kerala is having so many endmics >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> (including narrow >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> endemics with distribution shown in only one place or >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> district) compared to >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> other states like Tamil Nadu and Karnataka etc. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> What can be the reason behind it ? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> J.M.Garg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> J.M.Garg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> the Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> from it, send an email to >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFDuUnUNfXhf%3Dd7xtrbMTwVrGAKg-wNjUCKfnfMkQeZ%2BDQ%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFDuUnUNfXhf%3Dd7xtrbMTwVrGAKg-wNjUCKfnfMkQeZ%2BDQ%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> from it, send an email to >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BBiB1LEQ6CEUHZOShWZdqe8vrtArwpkzuQRAv95j27s5PJwqA%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BBiB1LEQ6CEUHZOShWZdqe8vrtArwpkzuQRAv95j27s5PJwqA%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> J.M.Garg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>>>>>>>> J.M.Garg >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFBxq%2BvJa2e66i5PcXSMkHg%3DjwvjfyRQaO175zsr%2BsfKRw%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFBxq%2BvJa2e66i5PcXSMkHg%3DjwvjfyRQaO175zsr%2BsfKRw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BBiB1JJbuAEKQ0xUJxSor7Nx1KrCAtWT00sY0kzKb-aarcMcw%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BBiB1JJbuAEKQ0xUJxSor7Nx1KrCAtWT00sY0kzKb-aarcMcw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> *Pankaj Kumar*, Ph.D. >>>>>>>>>>>> *IUCN-SSC Orchid Specialist Group Asia* >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> 32, 2nd Floor, Shui Wo Tsuen, Lam Tsuen, >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong S.A.R., China >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> *email*: sahanipan...@gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>> *Phone*: +852 9436 6251 (mobile) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CABpo8%3D0RXL3p%2B%2BxeOtc_5kT7rHHamxSB840DY8QiRmzWwsbG8A%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CABpo8%3D0RXL3p%2B%2BxeOtc_5kT7rHHamxSB840DY8QiRmzWwsbG8A%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>> With regards, >>>>>>>>>>> J.M.Garg >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFB1vTbA87TuPc3Sh0gCo_VCS1HHPOWVhmoNojAjs%2BNg%2Bg%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFB1vTbA87TuPc3Sh0gCo_VCS1HHPOWVhmoNojAjs%2BNg%2Bg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> *Pankaj Kumar*, Ph.D. >>>>>>>>>> *IUCN-SSC Orchid Specialist Group Asia* >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> 32, 2nd Floor, Shui Wo Tsuen, Lam Tsuen, >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Lam Kam Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong S.A.R., China >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> *email*: sahanipan...@gmail.com >>>>>>>>>> *Phone*: +852 9436 6251 (mobile) >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, >>>>>>>>>> send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CABpo8%3D3e7txahjT4nCCcczC%3DF_Uv4kpLQFCMyt7awAQ3VEz%3DCQ%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CABpo8%3D3e7txahjT4nCCcczC%3DF_Uv4kpLQFCMyt7awAQ3VEz%3DCQ%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>> You received 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https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAKFjQVSvSWByPzNP8b7Nq_82iaNAR1cZOJEFEYUx5w%3DgdmoG4w%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAKFjQVSvSWByPzNP8b7Nq_82iaNAR1cZOJEFEYUx5w%3DgdmoG4w%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>> . >>>>>>> >>>>>> -- >>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>>> Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, >>>>>> send an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAHiXKpUEyKYNM8ot9cN323FtKOcWBR54pm7zZw55qdj5R4-OeA%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAHiXKpUEyKYNM8ot9cN323FtKOcWBR54pm7zZw55qdj5R4-OeA%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>> . >>>>>> >>>>> -- >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>> Groups "ITPmods" group. >>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>>> an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFDRGEL%3D__rkuhbf2Djb1B%2Bq7ocqzwPkbZ8gV%3DtoMfE5qg%40mail.gmail.com >>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CA%2BiuSFDRGEL%3D__rkuhbf2Djb1B%2Bq7ocqzwPkbZ8gV%3DtoMfE5qg%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>> . >>>> >>> -- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>> Groups "ITPmods" group. >>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>> an email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>> To view this discussion on the web, visit >>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAOZ1_23eTZgh0_gC%3D1d9cUSVo46vAqqm-wPgg9ZUU%2BiDrVRKMw%40mail.gmail.com >>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CAOZ1_23eTZgh0_gC%3D1d9cUSVo46vAqqm-wPgg9ZUU%2BiDrVRKMw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>> . >>> >> >> >> -- >> GIBY KURIAKOSE PhD >> Assistant Professor and Research Guide, >> PG and Research Department of Botany >> Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Thevara >> Kochi, Kerala, India 682 013 >> Phone - +914844044436 (office) +919947109987 (Mobile) >> http://gibykuriakose.shcollege.ac.in/ >> >> >> -- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "ITPmods" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to itpmods+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >> To view this discussion on the web, visit >> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/itpmods/CANAPXzdfnD1o%3Db9y5%2BhRjYk_dTFtZ-aGBYOv%2BZb7xO%2BL2%3DDEMw%40mail.gmail.com >> 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