--- Begin Message ---
All times and dates strictly UT!
Rx: mostly DX-398 with internal antenna
only or PL-880; NRD-545 with ALA-330S
inside E-W or inside randomwire N-S;
Nissan stock caradio as specified;
IC-R75 with E-W longwire.
These logs are excerpts from my daily
all-band reports, mainly SWBC, also
VHF/UHF, sometimes, utility, ham,
which may be found in several archives
without much delay, such as
http://www.hard-core-dx.com/index.php?topic=Hauser
And compiled weekly along with
extensive news from many other
individuals and
publications in DX LISTENING DIGEST:
http://www.worldofradio.com/dxldmid.html
All my MW DX reports starting August 2011
are archived in this forum with open access:
http://forums.wtfda.org/showthread.php?6543-MW-DX-from-Enid-OK-by-Glenn-Hauser/page78
[over 371,000 views! as of August 25, 2019]
** U S A. 332 kHz, Aug 20 at 0611 UT, beacon IC. Looked up at
http://dxinfocentre.com/ndb.htm ---
``332 IC USA KS WICHITA - PICNIC 400 37 34 42 -97 27 21``
! This is quite close, but think I have not heard it before;
reactivated? 400 watts; I was axually tuned to 331. No idea what the
Picnic nickname has to do with it; searching fruitless.
The other beacon resource:
https://www.classaxe.com/dx/ndb/rna/signal_list
has a different but similar nickname, Piche, also with IC contained;
6.2 is the repetition period in seconds; 25 is the contradicted power
in watts, and I would go with this, it`s so weak:
``332 IC 1044 1050 6.2 'Piche' Wichita KS EM17gn 25 NOTAMR J0463/17
NDB IC 245 KHZ WITHDRAWN 1807171411 PERM 20180830 Tony reports it is
on the air AB AZ BC CA CO IA IL KS MI MN MO MT NC NE NV OH OR TN TX UT
181 1990-01-02 2019-08-06``.
Still waiting for some Y-call beacons from Canada to start propagating
again, if any be left (Glenn Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
** OKLAHOMA. Re my previous report about an electronic billboard
advertising that Rush and Sean were coming to FM in Enid, i.e. CP for
a new KGWA 960 translator on 100.9:
At a stoplight a few days later I watch the billboard longer: loads
of local bizzes flashing but not KGWA by the golight; however, the
billboard itself is owned by its parent, Williams Broadcasting,
following the Clear Channel model! Hmmm, could they add a Part 15
transmitter to the sign? Ooooh (Glenn Hauser, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
** OKLAHOMA. Another look at that new electronic billboard at the NE
corner of Garriott and Garland in Enid owned by Williams Broadcasting,
the afternoon of Aug 23: amid many local advertisers it flashes that
Rush will be on FM in Enid ``in a matter of days``, same as Sean, but
the latter will also be in $tereo --- hot crap!!
These teasers have not bothered to mention the frequency or station,
but we knew it would be activating the CP for ``fully loony`` K265FL
translator of 960 KGWA on 100.9. In fact, it was within a matter of
*hours*, since next check circa 0000 UT Aug 24 found new local bigsig
with Fox ``news``. Recheck at 1358 UT, 100.9 still on with the
absurdly-accented Sebastian Gorka concluding an hour of his `America
First` show on the Salem Radio Network (featuring witch-hunts). So I`m
listening carefully for the new ID: NO, 1400 UT ToH ID on 100.9 ONLY
for KGWA AM, into Fox ``news``. Off to a great start!
BTW, the power consumption of full-size electronic billboards must be
huge with all those LEDs bright enough in full sunlight.
Far-right extremist talk stations often default to less- or even
non-political talk shows to fill time on weekends; such as here on
Saturday circa 1735 UT it`s about travel. And guess what, *no* stereo
pilot. Do they turn it on only for Sean, or is that fake news? Most
stations would not want to bother with turning stereo on and off.
Back before K265FL activated, Aug 23 at 1839 UT on the caradio I kept
on 100.9 for one last chance to hear anything else there; various
marginal signals fading back and forth, but at 1849 UT, ad for
Keystone Chevy in Sand Springs, ergo KTSO, Sapulpa, both Tulsa
suburbs, 19/19 kW at 114 m HAAT, per WTFDA DB, ``80'S HITS --- TOTALLY
AWESOME 80'S``. There are other lower Okies on 100.9 in Edmond,
Chickashay, Shawnee and Miamuh. There are three in Kansas, a 96.9 watt
LP in Wichita, 35.5 kW in Clay Center, and 100 kW in Lakin (which IIRC
was far enough away from Wichita to have another NTSC channel 3).
It`s a shame that a CP for a new LP in Enid on 100.9 never eventuated;
it would have had some public-service remit with one of its backers
Enid and Garfield County Emergency Management Director, Mike
Honigsberg. So KGWA glommed onto the frequency which will surely
attain inferior coverage to its 1 kW on 960. But we all know AM radio
is *so* passé.
Is the translator on one of their AM towers at the NW corner of Enid?
NO, FCC info shows it at the NE corner of Grand and Randolph in
downtown Enid, certainly better for city-wide coverage. K265FL antenna
is atop the former First National Bank building of seven stories, now
``One Grand Center`` of Wymer-Brownlee, photoed the next day:
http://www.w4uvh.net/K265FL.jpg
as a 2-element thing. This is a block NNW of the white-elephant vacant
and locked-up ten-story Broadway Tower which now accomplishes nothing
except serving as a somewhat higher antenna base for some other
lower-powered FMs, not including ex-104.7 KUAL/KEIF-LP The Rocket,
which got caught with too much antenna height as a result (and too
commercial). From another angle, the much higher antenna mast on BWT
behind it, eclipses the closer and lower K265FL one.
In its heyday, the BW Tower contained the office of my uncle, a lawyer
and later respected judge. A few years ago, somecompany tried to
refurbish offices into hotel suites, apparently busted. Meanwhile, a brand
new downtown hotel is going up less than two blox away (Glenn Hauser,
Enid OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
UNIDENTIFIED. 1120, August 12 at 0630 UT, nulling KMOX, fast SAH and
another station in English, sounds like local newscast, and fadeout.
Maybe KCRN Limon, Colorado? Which Paul Walker says is running 50 kW at
night; KMOX is quite dominant here. Would not expect the RCatholic
station to be doing regular current-event news of the axual world
(Glenn Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
** U S A. 1160, Aug 13 at 0540 UT, now that my local line noise is
off, I can tell that KSL SLC is still running IBOC noise, peaking
below KSAL around 1147 and above KFAQ about 1173. Nothing further from
KSL about its weakened(?) signal (Glenn Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING
DIGEST)
** U S A. At first: UNIDENTIFIED. 1180, Aug 16 at 0602 UT, Spanish
looping roughly E/W, i.e. between WHAM baseball talk to the ENE and
Rebelde echojammers to the SE. Seems like norteña music at first, but
between tunes several times, about 0608, 0611, 0614, super-hype
voice-actor intones ``99.9``; sometimes there may have been a slogan
just before that, but I just cannot copy it. Only when aimed E/W on
the DX-398 do I get a LAH, and with BFO comparing to 1170 and 1190,
it`s clear that this station is the one slightly off-frequency plus+.
Rearoused at 0637 UT, this time it sounds more like ``99.3``, so can`t
rule that out. And zzz.
This angle pretty well rules out Mexico, but trouble is, no likely US
stations are SS on 1180 per last year`s NRC AM Log. Maybe this year`s,
when it comes, will have the answer. It`s yet another that considers
AM only an expendable appendage of FM, tail wagging dog. IRCA Mexican
Log does not have any 1180 matches to either FM frequency.
Reverse search, looking up in the WTFDA FM Database all the 99.9s in
the USA in Spanish, shows none of them correlated with an ``origin``
on an 1180 station. But along the DF axis, in case there has been a
format flip, we do find a station in Arkansas, KTUV 1440 Little Rock
with 99.9 translators in both Rogers and Little Rock. Yet shown with
non-matching formats and slogans: K260DT Little Rock, regional
Mexican; and K260CS Rogers, Spanish hits, Las Americas Radio 1440. But
the only AR station on 1180 is unrelated, non-SS and over by Memphis
TN, WGUE, CLassic Rock format.
Before checking same for 99.3, I try radio-locator.com, on WGUE, and
by golly, there it is:
``WGUE-AM 1180 kHz
Turrell, Arkansas
"La Jefa"
Station Format: Regional Mexican
Website:
http://www.lajefa993.com/
Station Owner:
Butron Media Corporation
3654 Park Ave.
Memphis, TN 38111
Phone: 901-437-5993
Fax: 901-454-1027
WGUE-AM Technical Details:
Station Status Licensed Class D
Digital Status Analog only
Area of Coverage View Daytime Coverage Map, View Nighttime Coverage
Map, View Critical Hours Coverage Map
Hours of Operation Unlimited
Antenna Mode Directional - 3 Patterns
Daytime Power 5000 Watts
Nighttime Power 26 Watts
Critical Hours Power 3500 Watts
Number of Towers 2
Transmitter Location 35° 08' 31" N, 90° 08' 06" W
License Granted October 20 2017
License Expires June 01 2020
Last FCC Update December 01 2017
WGUE-AM also broadcasts its primary channel from these 2 transmitters
W257CY 99.3 FM Memphis, TN (99 watts)
K268DA 101.5 FM Memphis, TN (250 watts)``
The nighttime coverage map for 1180 shows it almost circular, the 26
watts barely reaching adjacent counties from a + site barely on the AR
side of the River near West Memphis (despite the W-call):
https://radio-locator.com/cgi-bin/pat?call=WGUE&service=AM&h=N
Hey, how does that fare against the 500+kW from Cuba (adding up powers
in WRTH, plus more unknown). Well, at least they make it to Enid!
Then to WTFDA search for all the SS on 99.3 --- no, not there nor
anything else likely. But since we have the call W257CY, going
directly to that, voilà:
``W257CY WGUE-1180 99.3 MEMPHIS TN USA 0.099 0.099 290.0 0.0 35-09-16
89-49-20 REGIONAL MEXICAN LA JEFA 99.3``
It did not show up in the Spanish search since there is no entry in
the field for language. I`m sure this must be it; everything fits
except hearing it if really on legal night power. Note the FM power
is, what else, also ``99` watts.
So as much as we decry AM stations abandoning their identity to a
paltry FM translator, even to the extent of `branding`` only on the FM
frequency --- in this case it leads to an ID, while SHVA shouts of
``11-80`` would not have, since we already know it`s obviously on
1180.
If all this sound vaguely familiar, it`s related to WUMY 830 sale
etc., as explained in DXLD 18-44
http://www.w4uvh.net/dxld1844.txt
(Glenn Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
** U S A. 1210, Aug 12 at 0625 UT, I`m still trying to reconfirm WJNL,
Kingsley MI, 50 kW daytimer cheater, but still suffering from local
high line noise level, especially when aimed N/S with KGYN to the west
nulled as much as possible -- but I do have a clew, heavy SAH at the
rate of 164/minute or 2.73 Hz, close to the rate < 3 Hz previously
measured between KGYN and WJNL.
1210, Aug 13 at 0529 UT, in the meantime the noise level has cleared
up after some rain --- washing off insulators/contacts on the
powerline? Now with KGYN silly sports talk nulled, I hear another
talkshow in English; presumably Beyond Reality Radio on WJNL. Again
with a SAH of almost 3 Hz, but growing CCI from something in Spanish,
talk and music. Strongly suspect the RGV station which can`t be
avoided as long as I am nulling KGYN; now the SAH is 160/minute = 2.67
Hz, but seems to be between the two stations other than KGYN. At 0543
the SS breaks to plug some ``worship centers`` in Brownsville and
McAllen, so that`s it: KUBR San Juan, U4 10/5 kW, studio address in
McAllen (and sibling to the 890 station KVOZ) (Glenn Hauser, OK, DX
LISTENING DIGEST)
** U S A. 1210, Aug 21 at 0609 UT, YL talk, with KGYN OK nulled as
much as possible, and the local line noise level abated, making
176/minute SAH of almost 3 Hz; presumed Beyond Reality Radio as on 50
kW daytimer WJNL Kingsley MI still running at night, but I still need
to re-get definite ID/local ads (Glenn Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING
DIGEST)
** U S A. 1210, Aug 22 at 0557 UT, with KGYN OK to the west nulled as
much as possible, different talkshow with YL, and ``resuming Beyond
Reality Radio``, which we have previously matched to cheating 50 kW
daytimer-only, WJNL Kingsley MI; however KGYN is gaining with the
usual SAH of almost 3 Hz, and I can`t read the rapid multi-station ID
from the WJML group just before hourtop 0600 UT bong and news, but not
sure if CBS. At least the high line noise level is not affecting this
MW area now, tho still roaring higher e.g. 7 MHz band.
WJNL has now been doing this for at least two months. BTW, they are
also the only 1210 listed affiliate of the self-confessed psychotic
Alex Jones whom someone heard replayed later in the madrugada as an
unID 1210. I was pleased to see he has only one affiliate in Oklahoma,
as far as possible from here, Idabel, KBEL 1240, which I have never
heard (Glenn Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
** U S A. Advice: FCC Enforcement Bureau actions are almost entirely
responsive. That is, they take action on complaints of interference
from the public, so for them to take action there has to be a
complaint. They apparently get lots of complaints from the "tin-hat"/
"the sky is falling" community, so they sort them for sensibility, and
they do take action for the real ones.
And the FCC releases show that: every week there are actions against
FM pirates and LPFMs particularly. And you do see the occasional ones
for broadcast stations not operating with their licensed facilities,
such as the recent case regarding WAJD. But there has to be a
legitimate complaint to produce an enforcement action!
So if there is an AM station not reducing power or changing pattern at
sunset, document it carefully, and describe how it causes interference
to some other station. File that complaint using the FCC's website:
https://www.fcc.gov/enforcement/orders/1846
(via Glenn Hauser, WORLD OF RADIO 1995, DXLD)
** U S A. 1560, Aug 13 at 0545 UT, Vietnamese talk is VG dominating
the channel, as KGOW Bellaire/Houston TX must still be on STA allowing
bigsig to the north rather than the Gulf of Mexico. Checking this
because the night before, Paul Walker in WY tipped that KGOW was
relaying VOA:
``At 11 pm each night, they carry 1 hour of programming from the Voice
Of America. The first 26 minutes is in Vietnamese followed by some
local spots/announcements then they run a VOA program in Japanese. The
programs always begin and end with an announcement in English saying
"this is the Voice of America" and mentions the language. There are
some VOA references during the broadcast and I've heard English
language VOA jingles in the broadcast. Paul``
Timezone??? Probably his local MDT = UT -6, but this sure is not
Japanese, nor has VOA had a JJ service for decades. A single half hour
at 2130 UT, as I recall, lingered a while before VOA decided there was
no point in talking to a friendly country even if SWLing was a fad. A
check of https://www.voanews.com clicking on ENG to get a language
list, confirms Japanese is still not among them even on the web (Glenn
Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
** U S A. (1560), UT Mon Aug 19 at 0400 I am listening to the KGOW
webcast which autolaunches whether you want it or not, at
http://vietradio.com --- Since KGOW is no longer tightly direxional at
night into the Gulf, I could probably hear it direct, but this hour I
am at the desktop. It`s time to check out the reports of KGOW relaying
Voice of America in Vietnamese, and other languages?
Vietnamese talk continues past hourtop and I do not hear any VOA
opening, but admit to not listening closely and continuously. At 0411
I notice it`s suddenly in English, but alt with Vietnamese during a
language lesson, e.g. at 0416 UT about the expression ``battle of
wills``. At 0422:30 UT, ``This program has come to you from the Voice
of America, Washington``; continues Viet talk presumably local origin.
0428 UT, VOA jingle but does not introduce in English name of next
language; and resumes its Vietnamese (not Chinese, certainly not
Japanese as some have guessed). 0457 again VOA closing announcement in
English, and an adstring including ``Amarillo Home Roofing``, in
Houston, and some other occasional business names in English. Finally
at 0503 UT, legal ID in English, ``Vit Radio on KGOW
Bellaire-Houston``. Yes, they pronounce it Vit rather than Viet: have
we been mispronouncing Vietnam/ all these years??
Earlier I had visited the website, which is partly in English. Also
has incomplete program schedule, of course not including the 11 pm CDT
hour we are concerned with. It implies the same programming is also on
1480 in Dallas; one place showing wrong frequency 1560 for it too.
That would be KNGO.
I do see a couple of other programs of potential interest, since they
are illustrated by a piano quintet (piano plus string quartet), with
the same major title, but a different subtitle on the second:
Mon 3-3:30 pm [2000-2030 UT] (Nhac Thính Phòng [twice] --- which means
CHAMBER MUSIC! [there is also a dot under a of Nhac]; and
Thu 7-8 pm [00-01 UT Fri] Nhac Thính Phòng -- Tình Hát, which means
LOVE SONG. At Google translate, you`d better get the diacriticals
right.
1560, at 0604 UT Aug 19, I check KGOW direct, and can hear its VV
mixing with something in English making a SAH of 160/minute = 2.67 Hz.
Most 1560s are daytimers or well under 100 watts at night with
exception of a few such as KEBC OK with 250 watts; KKAA in SD 10 kW
(Glenn Hauser, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
** U S A. (1560), as per previous report, Viet Radio KGOW
Bellaire-Houston TX program schedule shows Chamber Music, Mondays at
2000-2030 UT, so August 19 I go out of my way to monitor the webcast.
NO, no chamber music to be heard, rather talk and then some soft songs
which might be ``love songs`` as claimed for the other Chamber Music
slot. Before 2030 I hear again the commercial for Amarillo Home
Roofing, which exists in Houston if not Amarillo. Searching leads to
their disgraced Facebook site as really Amarillo HomeS, Roofing (Glenn
Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
** U S A. More follow-ups on 1560 KGOW, Vietnamese from Bellaire TX:
Stephen Luce, Houston, Texas, Aug 20 on the WOR io group:
``Glenn, it appears the KGOW night site might be out of whack.
See the Houston board on RadioDiscussions.com for more:``
https://www.radiodiscussions.com/showthread.php?719314-KGOW-1560-Night-Signal&s=8e6813b3498c7e5842e92e49fc0fde95&p=6272662#post6272662
also referred to that by Artie Bigley, OH.
KGOW was originally running a 9!-tower direxional array. Here is the
most recent item in the correspondence folder, also revealing where
the call letters come from (gh)
http://licensing.fcc.gov/cgi-bin/prod/cdbs/forms/prod/getimportletter_exh.cgi?import_letter_id=87751
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 445 TWELFTH STREET SW WASHINGTON DC
20554
MEDIA BUREAU
ENGINEER: Joseph Szczesny
AUDIO DIVISION
TELEPHONE: (202) 418-2700
APPLICATION STATUS: (202) 418-2730
FACSIMILE: (202) 418-1410
HOME PAGE: www.fcc.gov/media/radio/audio-divsion
E-MAIL: joseph.szcze...@fcc.gov
September 12, 2018
David Gow, CEO GOW Media, LLC 5353 West Alabama, Suite 415 Houston, TX
77056
Re: GOW Media, LLC (GML) KGOW(AM), Bellaire, TX
Facility Identification Number: 17389
Special Temporary Authority (STA) BESTA-20 18081 3AAG
Dear Mr. Gow:
This is in reference to the request filed on August 18, 2018. GML
requests a further extension of the STA granted on June 28, 2016, to
continue operating daytime using the licensed 15 kW nighttime site
array pending the filing of the required FCC Form 302 application to
update all operating parameters due to repairs made over the past two
years.1
In support of the request, GML stated that all repairs were completed
with exception of the replacement 50 kW daytime site transmitter (new
parts on order).
Requests for extension of STA will be granted only where the licensee
can show that one or more of the following criteria have been met:
• Restoration of licensed facilities is complete and testing is
underway;
• Substantial progress has been made during the most recent STA period
toward restoration of licensed operation; or
• No progress has been made during the most recent STA period for
reasons clearly beyond the licensee's control, and the licensee has
taken all possible steps to expeditiously resolve the problem.
Accordingly, the request for extension of the STA IS HEREBY GRANTED,
and GML may continue to operate day and night from the nighttime
transmitter site using the currently licensed 15 kW nighttime site
array. GML must use whatever means are necessary to protect workers
and the public from exposure to radio frequency radiation in excess of
the Commission's exposure guidelines.
'KGOW(AM) is licensed for DA operation on 1560 kHz with 46 kW day and
15 kW night, using different patterns at different sites.
See 47 CFR § 1.1310. GML must file the application to update all
operating parameters, or submit an e-mail to my attention to confirm
the date the station was able to resume the separate licensed daytime
site and nighttime site operations (per BL-201 1 12O5ALL with
negligible changes).
This authority expires on March 12, 2019.
Sincerely,
vJseph S,Tineer Audio Diition Media Bureau [sic]
cc: Barry A. Friedman, Esq. (via email only)
[Joseph Szczesny --- his own signature messed up the text copying]
HOWEVER our easy reception to the N and NW implies it is the day
pattern being used at night, rather than night pattern day and night
--- or maybe they just gave up and are non-direxional.
Steven Luce replies again, Aug 22: ``KGOW is using its night site at
night; easy to DF here in Houston as the day site is to the south and
the night site to the west. The night site has the nine towers, but
apparently now out of whack`` (Glenn Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
UNIDENTIFIED. 1560, Aug 21 at 0623 UT, English talk roughly E/W with
KGOW Vietnamese from the SSE nulled as much as possible, making a SAH
of 140/minute = 2.33 Hz. The only major signals at night are far away,
WFME 50 kW in NYC, Family Radio; and KNZR 10 kW Bakersfield CA,
news/talk (Glenn Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
** U S A. 1560, Aug 24 at 0556 UT, KGOW Houston Vietnamese nulled as
much as possible, so I again hear English station roughly east/west.
Making SAH of about 144/minute = 2.4 Hz. Local weather by YL but can`t
catch any clues (some weather forecasts assume everybody listening
knows it`s local!); 0558 UT ``Odd Couple`` seems show name, one of
them being Rod Pearson? or something like that. No local ID caught but
``Fox Sports Radio`` and at 0600 UT into scores of stupid ballgames.
Meanwhile I got this suggestion: ``(just a wild guess here) your 1560
beating with KGOW might have been Paducah in rogue-daytime mode.
Again, that's just a wild guess based upon absolutely nothing. And, re
the semi-colon; I completely agree. Always 73z. -- GREG HARDISON``
By Greg, I think he`s got it. WPAD, KY from the east, is indeed a Fox
Sports affil, supposedly U1, 1000/35 watts. One might have guessed my
nearest 1560, KEBC Del City OK, also sports, but listed in last year`s
NRC AM Log as NBC, U2 1000/250. But it`s virtually co-linear with KGOW
and I hear nothing of it when aiming that way, just KGOW (Glenn
Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
** U S A. 1580, Aug 21 at 0621 UT, with nearest KOKB Blackwell OK
nulled as much as possible, luck into an ID for ``KHGG-AM 1580 and
101.1 FM``. That`s 49 watts at night from Van Buren AR, alluding to
some Ark team named for hogs. Probably this is the one making a reverb
slight echo against KOKB, also 49 watts! when both are on Fox Sports
Radio (Glenn Hauser, OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
UNIDENTIFIED. 2900, Aug 23 at 0554 UT, JBA carrier. Checking out Kevin
Redding`s Crump TN suggestion on the ABDX yg, Aug 23 at 0210 UT,
``WREL 1450 2nd harmonic --- Turn to 2900 to hear WREL 2nd Harmonic on
2.900 MHz``. We`re supposed to know the locations of every
graveyarder? I find a previous log of its fundamental from *2017*:
``1450 August 11 at 1530, WREL Lexington VA, ID "Sports radio for
Rockbridge County 1450 WREL" (Larry Will-WV)``.
Of the hundreds of stations on 1450, several others could be
harmonicizing; what`s remarkable is that how few US MW stations
axually radiate on doubles and triples beyond local range. Also I am
surprised even to detect some JBA carrier, with summer storm noise
more of an obstacle than my high local line noise at this part of
spectrum, which sometimes is bad as high as 11.8 MHz (Glenn Hauser,
OK, DX LISTENING DIGEST)
Until the next, Best of DX and 73 de Glenn Hauser
--- End Message ---
