[PATCH v3 0/9] x86: macrofying inline asm for better compilation
This patch-set deals with an interesting yet stupid problem: kernel code that does not get inlined despite its simplicity. There are several causes for this behavior: "cold" attribute on __init, different function optimization levels; conditional constant computations based on __builtin_constant_p(); and finally large inline assembly blocks. This patch-set deals with the inline assembly problem. I separated these patches from the others (that were sent in the RFC) for easier inclusion. I also separated the removal of unnecessary new-lines which would be sent separately. The problem with inline assembly is that inline assembly is often used by the kernel for things that are other than code - for example, assembly directives and data. GCC however is oblivious to the content of the blocks and assumes their cost in space and time is proportional to the number of the perceived assembly "instruction", according to the number of newlines and semicolons. Alternatives, paravirt and other mechanisms are affected, causing code not to be inlined, and degrading compilation quality in general. The solution that this patch-set carries for this problem is to create an assembly macro, and then call it from the inline assembly block. As a result, the compiler sees a single "instruction" and assigns the more appropriate cost to the code. To avoid uglification of the code, as many noted, the macros are first precompiled into an assembly file, which is later assembled together with the the C files. This also enables to avoid duplicate implementation that was set before for the asm and C code. This can be seen in the exception table changes. Overall this patch-set slightly increases the kernel size (my build was done using my Ubuntu 18.04 config + localyesconfig for the record): textdata bss dec hex filename 18140829 10224724 2957312 31322865 1ddf2f1 ./vmlinux before 18163608 10227348 2957312 31348268 1de562c ./vmlinux after (+0.1%) The number of static functions in the image is reduced by 379, but actually inlining is even better, which does not always shows in these numbers: a function may be inlined causing the calling function not to be inlined. The Makefile stuff may not be too clean. Ideas for improvements are welcome. v2->v3: * Several build issues resolved (0-day) * Wrong comments fix (Josh) * Change asm vs C order in refcount (Kees) v1->v2: * Compiling the macros into a separate .s file, improving readability (Linus) * Improving assembly formatting, applying most of the comments according to my judgment (Jan) * Adding exception-table, cpufeature and jump-labels * Removing new-line cleanup; to be submitted separately Cc: Alok Kataria Cc: Christopher Li Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" Cc: Ingo Molnar Cc: Jan Beulich Cc: Josh Poimboeuf Cc: Juergen Gross Cc: Kate Stewart Cc: Kees Cook Cc: linux-spa...@vger.kernel.org Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Philippe Ombredanne Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: virtualizat...@lists.linux-foundation.org Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: x...@kernel.org Nadav Amit (9): Makefile: Prepare for using macros for inline asm x86: objtool: use asm macro for better compiler decisions x86: refcount: prevent gcc distortions x86: alternatives: macrofy locks for better inlining x86: bug: prevent gcc distortions x86: prevent inline distortion by paravirt ops x86: extable: use macros instead of inline assembly x86: cpufeature: use macros instead of inline assembly x86: jump-labels: use macros instead of inline assembly Makefile | 9 ++- arch/x86/Makefile | 11 ++- arch/x86/include/asm/alternative-asm.h | 20 -- arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h | 11 +-- arch/x86/include/asm/asm.h | 61 +++- arch/x86/include/asm/bug.h | 98 +++--- arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h | 82 - arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h | 65 ++--- arch/x86/include/asm/paravirt_types.h | 54 +++--- arch/x86/include/asm/refcount.h| 74 +++ arch/x86/kernel/Makefile | 6 ++ arch/x86/kernel/macros.S | 16 + include/asm-generic/bug.h | 8 +-- include/linux/compiler.h | 56 +++ scripts/Kbuild.include | 4 +- 15 files changed, 347 insertions(+), 228 deletions(-) create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/macros.S -- 2.17.0
[PATCH v3 0/9] x86: macrofying inline asm for better compilation
This patch-set deals with an interesting yet stupid problem: kernel code that does not get inlined despite its simplicity. There are several causes for this behavior: "cold" attribute on __init, different function optimization levels; conditional constant computations based on __builtin_constant_p(); and finally large inline assembly blocks. This patch-set deals with the inline assembly problem. I separated these patches from the others (that were sent in the RFC) for easier inclusion. I also separated the removal of unnecessary new-lines which would be sent separately. The problem with inline assembly is that inline assembly is often used by the kernel for things that are other than code - for example, assembly directives and data. GCC however is oblivious to the content of the blocks and assumes their cost in space and time is proportional to the number of the perceived assembly "instruction", according to the number of newlines and semicolons. Alternatives, paravirt and other mechanisms are affected, causing code not to be inlined, and degrading compilation quality in general. The solution that this patch-set carries for this problem is to create an assembly macro, and then call it from the inline assembly block. As a result, the compiler sees a single "instruction" and assigns the more appropriate cost to the code. To avoid uglification of the code, as many noted, the macros are first precompiled into an assembly file, which is later assembled together with the the C files. This also enables to avoid duplicate implementation that was set before for the asm and C code. This can be seen in the exception table changes. Overall this patch-set slightly increases the kernel size (my build was done using my Ubuntu 18.04 config + localyesconfig for the record): textdata bss dec hex filename 18140829 10224724 2957312 31322865 1ddf2f1 ./vmlinux before 18163608 10227348 2957312 31348268 1de562c ./vmlinux after (+0.1%) The number of static functions in the image is reduced by 379, but actually inlining is even better, which does not always shows in these numbers: a function may be inlined causing the calling function not to be inlined. The Makefile stuff may not be too clean. Ideas for improvements are welcome. v2->v3: * Several build issues resolved (0-day) * Wrong comments fix (Josh) * Change asm vs C order in refcount (Kees) v1->v2: * Compiling the macros into a separate .s file, improving readability (Linus) * Improving assembly formatting, applying most of the comments according to my judgment (Jan) * Adding exception-table, cpufeature and jump-labels * Removing new-line cleanup; to be submitted separately Cc: Alok Kataria Cc: Christopher Li Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" Cc: Ingo Molnar Cc: Jan Beulich Cc: Josh Poimboeuf Cc: Juergen Gross Cc: Kate Stewart Cc: Kees Cook Cc: linux-spa...@vger.kernel.org Cc: Peter Zijlstra Cc: Philippe Ombredanne Cc: Thomas Gleixner Cc: virtualizat...@lists.linux-foundation.org Cc: Linus Torvalds Cc: x...@kernel.org Nadav Amit (9): Makefile: Prepare for using macros for inline asm x86: objtool: use asm macro for better compiler decisions x86: refcount: prevent gcc distortions x86: alternatives: macrofy locks for better inlining x86: bug: prevent gcc distortions x86: prevent inline distortion by paravirt ops x86: extable: use macros instead of inline assembly x86: cpufeature: use macros instead of inline assembly x86: jump-labels: use macros instead of inline assembly Makefile | 9 ++- arch/x86/Makefile | 11 ++- arch/x86/include/asm/alternative-asm.h | 20 -- arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h | 11 +-- arch/x86/include/asm/asm.h | 61 +++- arch/x86/include/asm/bug.h | 98 +++--- arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h | 82 - arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h | 65 ++--- arch/x86/include/asm/paravirt_types.h | 54 +++--- arch/x86/include/asm/refcount.h| 74 +++ arch/x86/kernel/Makefile | 6 ++ arch/x86/kernel/macros.S | 16 + include/asm-generic/bug.h | 8 +-- include/linux/compiler.h | 56 +++ scripts/Kbuild.include | 4 +- 15 files changed, 347 insertions(+), 228 deletions(-) create mode 100644 arch/x86/kernel/macros.S -- 2.17.0
