less and probably doesn't even need mdadm - heck he probably
just echos the raw superblock into place via dd...
http://xkcd.com/378/
I don't know why this makes me think of APL...
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inexpensive (probably SATA-II) PCI interface
cards?
Not I. Large drives have have cured me of FrankenRAID setups recently,
other than to build little arrays out of USB devices for backup.
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Marcin Krol wrote:
Thursday 07 February 2008 22:35:45 Bill Davidsen napisał(a):
As you may remember, I have configured udev to associate /dev/d_* devices with
serial numbers (to keep them from changing depending on boot module loading
sequence).
Why do you care?
Because
clearly have a hardware error.
NeilBrown
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at boot, I don't need features
or performance, I just want it to work.
Unless you are so frustrated you have entered I am going to make this
*work* if it takes forever mode, I would try the easy solution first.
Just my take on it.
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? From
what I read, it was the partitions.
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Bill Davidsen wrote:
Moshe Yudkowsky wrote:
maximilian attems wrote:
error 15 is an *grub* error.
grub is known for it's dislike of xfs, so with this whole setup use
ext3
rerun grub-install and you should be fine.
I should mention that something *did* change. When attempting to use
XFS
with one drive missing and add it later? I
know, I should try it when I get a machine free... but I'm being lazy today.
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without benefit is always a bad idea.
I suggest that you avoid having a learning experience and stick with
raid1.
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, and I could even tolerate 512 MB ram used.
But going to 1 MiB buffers would be overdoing it for my configuration.
What would be the recommended chunk size for todays equipment?
I think usage is more important than hardware. My opinion only.
Best regards
Keld
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Jon Nelson wrote:
On Feb 6, 2008 12:43 PM, Bill Davidsen [EMAIL PROTECTED]
mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Can you create a raid10 with one drive missing and add it later? I
know, I should try it when I get a machine free... but I'm being
lazy today.
Yes you can. With 3 drives
, to be precise). A nice
graphics of the effect can be found here:
https://www.amcc.com/MyAMCC/retrieveDocument/PowerPC/440SPe/RAIDinLinux_PB_0529a.pdf
I started that online and pulled a download to print, very neat stuff.
Thanks for the link.
Best regards,
Wolfgang Denk
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Keld Jørn Simonsen wrote:
On Sun, Feb 03, 2008 at 10:56:01AM -0500, Bill Davidsen wrote:
Keld Jørn Simonsen wrote:
I found a sentence in the HOWTO:
raid1 and raid 10 always writes all data to all disks
I think this is wrong for raid10.
eg
a raid10,f2 of 4 disks only writes to two
Keld Jørn Simonsen wrote:
On Sun, Feb 03, 2008 at 10:53:51AM -0500, Bill Davidsen wrote:
Keld Jørn Simonsen wrote:
This is intended for the linux raid howto. Please give comments.
It is not fully ready /keld
Howto prepare for a failing disk
6. /etc/mdadm.conf
Something here on /etc
for whatever the system is doing. I
don't know if ubuntu uses mkinitrd or what, but it clearly didn't get it
right without a little help from you.
thanks
How about some input, ubuntu users (or Debian, isn't ubuntu really Debian?).
On Sat, 02 Feb 2008 14:47:50 -0500
Bill Davidsen [EMAIL
that the fallback drive will be called
hdc by the BIOS but will be hdd in the system. That was with RHEL3, but
worth testing.
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Bill Davidsen wrote:
Moshe Yudkowsky wrote:
Michael Tokarev wrote:
To return to that peformance question, since I have to create at
least 2 md drives using different partitions, I wonder if it's
smarter to create multiple md drives for better performance.
/dev/sd[abcd]1 -- RAID1
configuration.
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More
tmpfs (no need,
until now); but I wonder how you create the devices you need when
you're
doing a rescue.
When you start udev, your /dev will be on tmpfs.
Sure, that's what mount shows me right now -- using a standard Debian
install. What did you suggest I change?
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Moshe Yudkowsky wrote:
Bill Davidsen wrote:
According to man md(4), the o2 is likely to offer the best
combination of read and write performance. Why would you consider f2
instead?
f2 is faster for read, most systems spend more time reading than
writing.
According to md(4), offset should
Peter Rabbitson wrote:
Keld Jørn Simonsen wrote:
On Tue, Jan 29, 2008 at 06:44:20PM -0500, Bill Davidsen wrote:
Depending on near/far choices, raid10 should be faster than raid5,
with far read should be quite a bit faster. You can't boot off
raid10, and if you put your swap on it many
... Unfortunately the bitmap and rai1 patch don't go in .22.16.
Neil, have these been sent up against 24-stable and 23-stable?
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will see any major improvements without a kernel upgrade.
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Carlos Carvalho wrote:
Bill Davidsen ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote on 22 January 2008 17:53:
Carlos Carvalho wrote:
Neil Brown ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) wrote on 21 January 2008 12:15:
On Sunday January 20, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
A raid6 array with a spare and bitmap is idle: not mounted
intermittent power supplies in the system, the UPS was swapped on
general principles and the real problem was isolated.
Shit happens, don't rely on graceful shutdowns (or recovery, have backups).
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the bitmap stopped cpu consumption.
Looks like quite a bit of CPU going into idle arrays here, too.
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of documentation that the
performance can be counter-intuitive. I've even considered the
possibility of giving /var and /usr separate RAID arrays (data vs.
executables).
If an expert could chime in, I'd appreciate it a great deal.
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two drives and one as missing.
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back on if I can kill the
resync process w/out deadlock.
So does that indicate that there is still a deadlock issue, or that you
don't have the latest patches installed?
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, lsof doesn't seem to show files used in loop
mounts. Yes, long shot...
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from running (or starting). I
don't think that should be default, but there are times when some data
is way better than none. I would think the options are fail the drive,
set the array r/o, and return an error and keep going.
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of
opportunistically.
If this means that there can be no false positives for multidisk
corruption but may be false negatives, fine. If it means something else,
please restate one more time.
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. Is this the maximum speed?
Something else going on, I do better than that adding drives on USB!
I don't have a clue what the issue is, and I don't see anything in your
information which looks unusual.
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think there will be a
benefit, either. The problem with RHEL is that while it's stable in
terms of bug fixes, it also doesn't get any performance benefits.
Why not wait until Neil gets back from the holiday and see if he has any
words of advice?
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performance for write. And doing small writes
can result in paying the RAR penalty on every write. So there may be a
measurable benefit to getting that alignment right at the drive level.
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this configuration to offer very good performance, at the
cost of slightly more complexity.
It does, raid0 can be striped over many configurations, raid[156] being
most common.
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of inodes in play. While the bitmap resolution is a factor,
it's pretty linear, fsck with lots of files gets really slow. And let's
face it, the objective of raid is to avoid doing that fsck in the first
place ;-)
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sda2[2] sdb2[1]
974808064 blocks [2/1] [_U]
[] recovery = 0.0% (86848/974808064)
finish=186.9min speed=86848K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0]
1951744 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: none
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Thiemo Nagel wrote:
Bill Davidsen wrote:
16k read64k write
chunk
sizeRAID 5RAID 6RAID 5RAID 6
128k492497268270
256k615530288270
512k625607230174
1024k 65062017075
What is your stripe cache
230174
1024k 65062017075
What is your stripe cache size?
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almost as much data space as with the 6 8-disk raid6s, and
have a separate pair of disks for all the small updates (logging,
metadata, etc), so this makes alot of sense if most of the data is
bulk file access.
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Thierry Iceta wrote:
Hi
I would like to use raidtools-1.00.3 on Rhel5 distribution
but I got thie error
Could you tell me if a new version is available or if a patch exists
to use raidtools on Rhel5
raidtools is old and unmaintained. Use mdadm.
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. However, a poor choice of
chunk size, cache_buffer size, or just random i/o in small sizes can eat
up a lot of the benefit.
I don't think you need to give up your partitions to get the benefit of
alignment.
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it. ;-)
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Justin Piszcz wrote:
On Wed, 19 Dec 2007, Bill Davidsen wrote:
Justin Piszcz wrote:
On Wed, 19 Dec 2007, Mattias Wadenstein wrote:
On Wed, 19 Dec 2007, Justin Piszcz wrote:
--
Now to my setup / question:
# fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 150.0 GB, 150039945216 bytes
255 heads
Tejun Heo wrote:
Bill Davidsen wrote:
Jan Engelhardt wrote:
On Dec 1 2007 06:26, Justin Piszcz wrote:
I ran the following:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdd
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sde
(as it is always a very good idea to do this with any new disk
, it will only
be a pretty good backup.
I suggest looking at things like rsync, which will not solve the
changing data problem, but may do the backup quickly enough to be as
useful as what you propose. Of course a full backup is likely to take a
long time however you do it.
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sure others will have some ideas on this, if it were mine a backup
would be my first order of business.
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in the next two
days, I will turn on some measurements when I do. But if you are just
investigating this behavior, perhaps you could retry with a single read
from a file rather than the device.
[...snip...]
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) which finds these problems, why
not a tools to fix them?
BTW: if this can be done in a user program, mdadm, rather than by code
in the kernel, that might well make everyone happy. Okay, realistically
less unhappy.
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and
after doing this, that's a good idea as well. S.M.A.R.T is your friend.
And when writing /dev/zero to a drive, if it craps out you have less
emotional attachment to the data.
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clearly that I have a problem and what it is.
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have any ideas?
You will get more and maybe better, but this is a start just to see if
the problem responds to obvious changes.
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suspect it's a sizable subset.
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list partitions by name? If you
change to PARTITIONS in /etc/mdadm.conf it won't bite you until you
change the detected partitions so they no longer match what was correct
at install time.
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read performance.
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benefits. This would effect both normal
clean-bit writeback and during-resync clean-bit-writeback.
Hope that clarifies my approach.
Easy to implement and understand is always a strong point, and a user
can make an informed decision. Thanks for the discussion.
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motion is spread over all drives. Don't have time to look at that
one, either, but it really helps performance under load with small arrays.
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during save. I could read from it
however. My homedir isnt on raid5 but its encrypted. Its not on any
disk that has to do with raid. This problem didnt happend when I used
2.6.18. Currently I use 2.6.18 as I kinda need the computer stable.
After reboot it rebuilded the raid5.
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slice.
Not a suggestion, but a request for your thoughts on that.
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.
David
PS Don't get the ddrescue parameters the wrong way round if you go that route...
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, not
as proposed code for review.
Much as I generally like adding functionality, I *really* can't see much
in this idea. It seems to me to be in the clever but not useful category.
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before posting...
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, as mine only
seems to manifest with RAID5+XFS. The RAID rebuilds with no problem,
and I've not had any problems with RAID5+ext3.
Hopefully it's not the raid which is the issue.
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is the default type of superblock? 0.90 or 1.0?
The default default is 0.90.
However a local device can be set in mdadm.conf with e.g.
CREATE metdata=1.0
NeilBrown
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, if the drive is dead almost every BIOS will fail over, if the
read gets a CRC or similar most recent BIOS will fail over, but if an
error-free read returns bad data, how can the BIOS know.
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H. Peter Anvin wrote:
Bill Davidsen wrote:
Depends how bad the drive is. Just to align the thread on this -
If the boot sector is bad - the bios on newer boxes will skip to the
next one. But if it is good, and you boot into garbage - - could
be Windows.. does it crash?
Right
for clarity, they need to be
accepted here, as well.
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, but will
overlap chunks and cause all the data from all chunks to be read back
for a new raid-5 calculation.
So I would expect this to make a very large performance difference, so
even if it work it would do so slowly.
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Doing
have very long uptimes, I'm reasonably
sure you haven't updated the kernel to get fixes installed.
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of the v1 superblock, which
itself is a revision of the v0...
Like kernel releases, people assume that the first number means *big*
changes, the second incremental change.
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, replace the slow drive
2 - for most things you do, I would expect seek to be more important
than transfer rate
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- with initrd. At least I THINK I'm using initrd - I
have an image, but I don't see an initrd line in my grub config.
HmmI'm going to add a stanza that includes the initrd and see what
happens also.
What did that do?
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Doing
would
fail and glitch the SCSI bus such that the next i/o to another drive
would fail. And I've had SATA drives fail cleanly on small machines, so
neither is an always config.
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.
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error. I certainly always write down steps before doing migrate, and if
possible do it with the system booted from a rescue media.
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Luca Berra wrote:
On Sun, Oct 28, 2007 at 08:21:34PM -0400, Bill Davidsen wrote:
Because you didn't stripe align the partition, your bad.
Align to /what/ stripe? Hardware (CHS is fiction), software (of the RAID
the real stripe (track) size of the storage, you must read the manual
a performance benefit.
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partition is read (assuming you
use one) restrictions go away. Performance of /boot is not much of an
issue, for me at least, but more complex setups are sometimes need for
the rest of the system.
Thanks for the research.
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Doing
Doug Ledford wrote:
On Fri, 2007-10-26 at 10:18 -0400, Bill Davidsen wrote:
[___snip___]
Actually, after doing some research, here's what I've found:
* When using lilo to boot from a raid device, it automatically installs
itself to the mbr, not to the partition. This can
hardware
RAID (ServeRAID), so I can only assume that failure would be noted.
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.start, 1.end, and 1.4k in the
beginning? Isn't hindsight wonderful?
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, but an mdadm and a
mount-by-label scan could probably do it too.
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me, but I will take a look at it.
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traffic through the
dedicated link?
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bill davidsen [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CTO TMR Associates, Inc
Doing interesting things with small computers since 1979
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John Stoffel wrote:
Bill == Bill Davidsen [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
Bill John Stoffel wrote:
Why do we have three different positions for storing the superblock?
Bill Why do you suggest changing anything until you get the answer to
Bill this question? If you don't
Alberto Alonso wrote:
On Tue, 2007-10-23 at 18:45 -0400, Bill Davidsen wrote:
I'm not sure the timeouts are the problem, even if md did its own
timeout, it then needs a way to tell the driver (or device) to stop
retrying. I don't believe that's available, certainly not everywhere
not as fast as you would like. By
Saturday a solution may emerge.
Please note that I won't read my mails until next saturday morning
(CEST).
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bill davidsen [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CTO TMR Associates, Inc
Doing interesting things with small computers since 1979
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There really may be no right answer.
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bill davidsen [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CTO TMR Associates, Inc
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that. ;-)
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bill davidsen [EMAIL PROTECTED]
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Doing interesting things with small computers since 1979
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, it then needs a way to tell the driver (or device) to stop
retrying. I don't believe that's available, certainly not everywhere,
and anything other than everywhere would turn the md code into a nest of
exceptions.
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bill davidsen [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CTO TMR Associates, Inc
Doing interesting things
to mention,
why even bring this up?
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bill davidsen [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CTO TMR Associates, Inc
Doing interesting things with small computers since 1979
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of this feature, LVM has
two mechanisms to protect from accessing PVs on the raw disks (the
ignore raid components option and the filter - I always set filters when
using LVM ontop of MD).
regards,
iustin
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bill davidsen [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CTO TMR Associates, Inc
Doing interesting things
do
you mean the Adrian Bunk method of putting in a printk scolding the
administrator, and then remove the feature a version later, or did you
mean depreciate all but two which clearly doesn't suggest removing the
capability at all?
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bill davidsen [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CTO TMR Associates, Inc
possible.
John
I am sure, I submitted a bug report to the LILO developer, he
acknowledged the bug but I don't know if it was fixed.
I have not tried GRUB with a RAID1 setup yet.
Works fine.
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bill davidsen [EMAIL PROTECTED]
CTO TMR Associates, Inc
Doing interesting things with small
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