Hi, If I understand correctly, to prevent a generic signing oracle, some mechanisms or operations should be defined so the signed public key can be believed to be part of legitimate ECDHE exchange instead of some random data. This includes checking the public key belongs to the curve or proving that the Edge Server owns the corresponding private key associate to that curve.
In order, for the Edge Server, to prove the ownership of the corresponding private key, I propose the following mechanism. Please let me know if you agree with that mechanism as well as if you believe the generic signing oracle has been sufficiently addressed. Upon the request the server computes: a) r a randomly generated number the Edge Server can chose b) c a randomly generated number the Edge Server cannot chose. ** Let t = cb + r and bG the public key to be signed. The Edge Server sends to the Key Server: rG, tG, c, bG The Key Server checks: c(bG) + rG = tG ** Ideally, the number could be provided by the Key Server for each request. However, we can probably find some reasonable alternatives where the number is generated by the Edge Server while being reasonably out of control from the Edge Server. For example we could use the resulting hash of a combination of a shared secret between the Edge Server and the Key Server, associated to a sequence number address. There are probably other maybe better ways to do and feel free to propose alternatives. BR, Daniel From: Lurk [mailto:lurk-boun...@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Kyle Rose Sent: Monday, July 18, 2016 11:23 AM To: Eric Rescorla <e...@rtfm.com> Cc: LURK BoF <lurk@ietf.org> Subject: Re: [Lurk] Notes on preventing signing oracles It's possible we can't do much to prevent creating a generic signing oracle for TLS 1.2, but for 1.3 we can send precursors to the key owner and require it to reproduce the final input to the signature algorithm, constraining the adversary to signatures of messages of the form (0x20){32}("TLS 1.3, (server|client) CertificateVerify")(0x00)(.){64} for SHA-256. We could potentially backtrack even further, sending inputs to each of the hashes and requiring the key owner to do additional verification, at the risk of exposing some data to the key owner that we might not want to. Is this worth the added complexity and duplicated effort (by both the server and the key owner)? Regardless of best-practice, since it's at least somewhat likely that a particular signing key will be used in more than context, this might prevent some future class of cross-protocol attacks. Kyle On Mon, Jul 18, 2016 at 9:22 AM, Eric Rescorla <e...@rtfm.com<mailto:e...@rtfm.com>> wrote: The current charter proposal says: A Standards Track document that defines the interface between an edge server and a content owner. Security is a key concern, specifically avoiding a "signing oracle" where possible. This text is a bit unclear, but I presume that the intent is to avoid allowing the Server to use the KeyOwner as a signing oracle. This message attempts to explore how hard this is. As I think is well known, TLS 1.2 servers inherently allow clients to obtain a signature with the server key on a message with a 32-byte prefix chosen by the client [0]. In a LURK context, if one adopts the naive design where the Server supplies the ServerKeyExchange to the KeyOwner, the Server can obtain a signature by the KeyOwner on a string which consists of: - 32 bytes of ClientRandom (which can be chosen by the Server) - 32 bytes of ServerRandom (which in the worst-case for the attacker is selected by the KeyOwner) - The serialization of the ServerKeyExchange message which ostensibly consists of [1]: - The server's ECDHE share - The server's FFDHE group + share It should be clear that if we just allow the Server to supply an unverified key/share that that's a very powerful signing oracle, but there are also limits to how much the KeyOwner can validate the share: - If it's ECDHE (NIST curves) then it can validate that the ostensible point is on the curve. This allows the Server to generate a pretty random x-coord value but then y-coord has to match (assuming we require uncompressed points). - If it's ECDHE (CFRG curves), then the Server can basically generate an arbitrary 32 or 48-byte string - If it's FFDHE, then the Server gets to control a huge amount of data if you allow custom groups, but one could require that Servers use the defined FFDHE groups, in which case, the Server just gets to specify Y as a random value. Maybe one could do a bit better than this with some more thought, but I suspect that ultimately really preventing a signing oracle requires preventing the Server from arbitrarily choosing the "public" part of the DH share, e.g., by requiring the Server prove it knows the private part) Absent this, I'm not sure how much security value this actually provides over no validation (the CFRG curve case seems especially bad). -Ekr [0] https://tlswg.github.io/tls13-spec/#rfc.section.4.3.2 [1] I'm ignoring the length bytes for the purposes of this discussion. _______________________________________________ Lurk mailing list Lurk@ietf.org<mailto:Lurk@ietf.org> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lurk
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