Question about bold and underline missing buttons
Hello everybody, I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. Don't get me wrong. I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. For instance, my preferite way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit strange to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to emphasize a text I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? Sometimes, when I try to teach Lyx to new-users the first question they asked me is: where are those 2 buttons. These two buttons, for example, are available in softwares such as TexMaker or WinEdit. Most of all, I suppose, it occurs because most users are used to work with text editors such as Word or OpenOffice Writer :-) Best regards, Silvio
Re: Question about bold and underline missing buttons
silvio grosso skrev: Hello everybody, I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. Don't get me wrong. I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. For instance, my preferite way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit strange to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to emphasize a text I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? Sometimes, when I try to teach Lyx to new-users the first question they asked me is: where are those 2 buttons. These two buttons, for example, are available in softwares such as TexMaker or WinEdit. Most of all, I suppose, it occurs because most users are used to work with text editors such as Word or OpenOffice Writer :-) Best regards, Silvio Well, before computers turned up, manuscripts used to be either handwritten and/or typed out on a typewriter, before they were sent to the printer. Typewriters could not easily emphasize a word so one would use underlining as to signal that the text should be emphasized in the printed version (also in handwritten manuscripts). Emphasizing the text in the printed manuscript would be done using som form of italic/slanted type in most cases. If the printed typeface did not have any slanted version one could also use s p a c e s to emphasize a printed word. Later typewriter models could make bold text by applying the character multiple times slightly offset. That said, you almost never find bold or underlined text in properly edited and printed texts (except in headlines of different types and some lists). I think LyX is only trying to bring forward this typographical practice. I mean, why use underlining when you can use emphasizing directly. regards Niklas
Re: Question about bold and underline missing buttons
On 09/21/2009 10:27 AM, silvio grosso wrote: Hello everybody, I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. Don't get me wrong. I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. For instance, my preferite way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit strange to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to emphasize a text. I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? I don't know for sure why the buttons aren't there, but I think the reason is the same as the reason that there isn't a button for italics. Now you might say, yes, there is! But there isn't. Emphasis isn't italics, as you will find it you do this: This is emphreally emphemphatic/emph/emph In most document classes, really will be italicized and emphatic will be upright. Emphasis is semantic. It means something. So does noun, for which there is also a button. The others are not. LyX discourages their use; hence the lack of a button. Of course, you could also have something equivalent to HTML's strong tag, which defaults in most browsers to boldface, and the Logical Markup module defines such a thing. But at present there's no way for modules to add things to the toolbars. Such a button would have to be added independently. This is not very hard to do. The safest way is to copy the file stdtoolbars.inc from LyX's resource directories (normally, this would be /usr/share/lyx/ui/ on Linux) to your local LyX directory ($HOME/.lyx/ui/, on Linux) and then modify it as follows. Around line 85, you will see this: Item Toggle emphasis font-emph Item Toggle noun font-noun Add this: Item Toggle bold font-bold if you just want bold or Item Toggle strong flex-insert CharStyle:strong for strong. Then you have to add the button file itself (to $HOME/.lyx/images/, on Linux). This should be a 20x20 PNG named the same (more or less) as the LFUN you are calling. As it happens, there seems already to be a font-bold.png; you could just copy this to flex-insert_CharStyle:strong.png for the latter case. Richard
Re: Question about bold and underline missing buttons
On Monday 21 September 2009 11:34:16 rgheck wrote: On 09/21/2009 10:27 AM, silvio grosso wrote: Hello everybody, I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. Don't get me wrong. I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. For instance, my preferite way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit strange to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to emphasize a text. I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? [clip] Emphasis is semantic. It means something. So does noun, for which there is also a button. The others are not. LyX discourages their use; hence the lack of a button. Of course, you could also have something equivalent to HTML's strong tag, which defaults in most browsers to boldface, and the Logical Markup module defines such a thing. But at present there's no way for modules to add things to the toolbars. Such a button would have to be added independently. Hi Silvio, First, your question wasn't the slightest bit trivial -- it in fact is one of the most profound questions asked here. I'd like to put even more **EMPHASIS** on what Richard said. It's my personal opinion that on any document more than five pages long, you're walking the trail of tears if you use things like bold, italic, Smallcaps and the like. This is because what you **REALLY** want to do is reveal special usage of the word(s) to the reader. If you always used italic for emphasis, you'd need to remember that and make sure you never used bold for emphasis. Here's another problem. Let's say you use Italic for emphasis, and also use Italic for the four suits of a card deck, Clubs, Diamonds, Spades and Hearts. Now you want to change the four suits to be bold. If you'd used two different character styles for the two, you'd simply change the definition of the character style. If you'd strongarmed them all to italic, you'd need to search and replace throughout the document. Emph is really a kinda sorta character style built into LyX. I'm pretty sure it can be redefined to produce bold output, or bold italic output, or Large output, or whatever you want. I know for a fact you can do that with real character styles. You noted in your original post (not quoted here) that your MS Word and Texmaker using friends have buttons for underline and bold. If they use those buttons, they've fallen into some very bad habits, because they've substituted appearance for meaning. As a document gets long and you need to maintain consistency, the only way to do that is with styles, both for paragraphs and for smaller runs of text (character styles). MS Word has excellent paragraph and character styles -- they should be used. I've used paragraph and character styles ever since Wordperfect 5.0 came out in the late 1980's. Personally, I don't use Emph, Noun (the little man on the button) or the Font button. Instead I have character styles for all. In that way, I can have styles named for their meaning and appearing how I define them to appear. That way, if 6 months after writing a book I decide that a chapter name should be large and italic instead of bold, I can make the switch in my layout file, and all chapter names will change accordingly. No discussion of this subject is complete without thanking the LyX development team for implementing character styles. Thank you! HTH, and excellent question. SteveT Steve Litt Recession Relief Package http://www.recession-relief.US Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/stevelitt
Re: Question about bold and underline missing buttons
On 09/21/2009 01:04 PM, Steve Litt wrote: Emph is really a kinda sorta character style built into LyX. I'm pretty sure it can be redefined to produce bold output, or bold italic output, or Large output, or whatever you want. I know for a fact you can do that with real character styles. What Ctrl-E (or the toolbar button) gets you is what we call a character range. But there is also an emphasis character style, defined in the Logical Markup module. Both can be redefined, though in different ways. To redefine the range, you have to do it in LaTeX, via something like: \def\emph. The character style can be redefined in LyX itself. Richard
Question about bold and underline missing buttons
Hello everybody, I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. Don't get me wrong. I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. For instance, my preferite way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit strange to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to emphasize a text I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? Sometimes, when I try to teach Lyx to new-users the first question they asked me is: where are those 2 buttons. These two buttons, for example, are available in softwares such as TexMaker or WinEdit. Most of all, I suppose, it occurs because most users are used to work with text editors such as Word or OpenOffice Writer :-) Best regards, Silvio
Re: Question about bold and underline missing buttons
silvio grosso skrev: Hello everybody, I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. Don't get me wrong. I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. For instance, my preferite way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit strange to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to emphasize a text I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? Sometimes, when I try to teach Lyx to new-users the first question they asked me is: where are those 2 buttons. These two buttons, for example, are available in softwares such as TexMaker or WinEdit. Most of all, I suppose, it occurs because most users are used to work with text editors such as Word or OpenOffice Writer :-) Best regards, Silvio Well, before computers turned up, manuscripts used to be either handwritten and/or typed out on a typewriter, before they were sent to the printer. Typewriters could not easily emphasize a word so one would use underlining as to signal that the text should be emphasized in the printed version (also in handwritten manuscripts). Emphasizing the text in the printed manuscript would be done using som form of italic/slanted type in most cases. If the printed typeface did not have any slanted version one could also use s p a c e s to emphasize a printed word. Later typewriter models could make bold text by applying the character multiple times slightly offset. That said, you almost never find bold or underlined text in properly edited and printed texts (except in headlines of different types and some lists). I think LyX is only trying to bring forward this typographical practice. I mean, why use underlining when you can use emphasizing directly. regards Niklas
Re: Question about bold and underline missing buttons
On 09/21/2009 10:27 AM, silvio grosso wrote: Hello everybody, I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. Don't get me wrong. I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. For instance, my preferite way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit strange to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to emphasize a text. I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? I don't know for sure why the buttons aren't there, but I think the reason is the same as the reason that there isn't a button for italics. Now you might say, yes, there is! But there isn't. Emphasis isn't italics, as you will find it you do this: This is emphreally emphemphatic/emph/emph In most document classes, really will be italicized and emphatic will be upright. Emphasis is semantic. It means something. So does noun, for which there is also a button. The others are not. LyX discourages their use; hence the lack of a button. Of course, you could also have something equivalent to HTML's strong tag, which defaults in most browsers to boldface, and the Logical Markup module defines such a thing. But at present there's no way for modules to add things to the toolbars. Such a button would have to be added independently. This is not very hard to do. The safest way is to copy the file stdtoolbars.inc from LyX's resource directories (normally, this would be /usr/share/lyx/ui/ on Linux) to your local LyX directory ($HOME/.lyx/ui/, on Linux) and then modify it as follows. Around line 85, you will see this: Item Toggle emphasis font-emph Item Toggle noun font-noun Add this: Item Toggle bold font-bold if you just want bold or Item Toggle strong flex-insert CharStyle:strong for strong. Then you have to add the button file itself (to $HOME/.lyx/images/, on Linux). This should be a 20x20 PNG named the same (more or less) as the LFUN you are calling. As it happens, there seems already to be a font-bold.png; you could just copy this to flex-insert_CharStyle:strong.png for the latter case. Richard
Re: Question about bold and underline missing buttons
On Monday 21 September 2009 11:34:16 rgheck wrote: On 09/21/2009 10:27 AM, silvio grosso wrote: Hello everybody, I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. Don't get me wrong. I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. For instance, my preferite way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit strange to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to emphasize a text. I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? [clip] Emphasis is semantic. It means something. So does noun, for which there is also a button. The others are not. LyX discourages their use; hence the lack of a button. Of course, you could also have something equivalent to HTML's strong tag, which defaults in most browsers to boldface, and the Logical Markup module defines such a thing. But at present there's no way for modules to add things to the toolbars. Such a button would have to be added independently. Hi Silvio, First, your question wasn't the slightest bit trivial -- it in fact is one of the most profound questions asked here. I'd like to put even more **EMPHASIS** on what Richard said. It's my personal opinion that on any document more than five pages long, you're walking the trail of tears if you use things like bold, italic, Smallcaps and the like. This is because what you **REALLY** want to do is reveal special usage of the word(s) to the reader. If you always used italic for emphasis, you'd need to remember that and make sure you never used bold for emphasis. Here's another problem. Let's say you use Italic for emphasis, and also use Italic for the four suits of a card deck, Clubs, Diamonds, Spades and Hearts. Now you want to change the four suits to be bold. If you'd used two different character styles for the two, you'd simply change the definition of the character style. If you'd strongarmed them all to italic, you'd need to search and replace throughout the document. Emph is really a kinda sorta character style built into LyX. I'm pretty sure it can be redefined to produce bold output, or bold italic output, or Large output, or whatever you want. I know for a fact you can do that with real character styles. You noted in your original post (not quoted here) that your MS Word and Texmaker using friends have buttons for underline and bold. If they use those buttons, they've fallen into some very bad habits, because they've substituted appearance for meaning. As a document gets long and you need to maintain consistency, the only way to do that is with styles, both for paragraphs and for smaller runs of text (character styles). MS Word has excellent paragraph and character styles -- they should be used. I've used paragraph and character styles ever since Wordperfect 5.0 came out in the late 1980's. Personally, I don't use Emph, Noun (the little man on the button) or the Font button. Instead I have character styles for all. In that way, I can have styles named for their meaning and appearing how I define them to appear. That way, if 6 months after writing a book I decide that a chapter name should be large and italic instead of bold, I can make the switch in my layout file, and all chapter names will change accordingly. No discussion of this subject is complete without thanking the LyX development team for implementing character styles. Thank you! HTH, and excellent question. SteveT Steve Litt Recession Relief Package http://www.recession-relief.US Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/stevelitt
Re: Question about bold and underline missing buttons
On 09/21/2009 01:04 PM, Steve Litt wrote: Emph is really a kinda sorta character style built into LyX. I'm pretty sure it can be redefined to produce bold output, or bold italic output, or Large output, or whatever you want. I know for a fact you can do that with real character styles. What Ctrl-E (or the toolbar button) gets you is what we call a character range. But there is also an emphasis character style, defined in the Logical Markup module. Both can be redefined, though in different ways. To redefine the range, you have to do it in LaTeX, via something like: \def\emph. The character style can be redefined in LyX itself. Richard
Question about bold and underline "missing" buttons
Hello everybody, I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. Don't get me wrong. I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. For instance, my "preferite" way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit "strange" to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to emphasize a text I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? Sometimes, when I try to teach Lyx to new-users the first question they asked me is: "where are those 2 buttons". These two buttons, for example, are available in softwares such as TexMaker or WinEdit. Most of all, I suppose, it occurs because most users are used to work with text editors such as Word or OpenOffice Writer :-) Best regards, Silvio
Re: Question about bold and underline "missing" buttons
silvio grosso skrev: Hello everybody, I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. Don't get me wrong. I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. For instance, my "preferite" way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit "strange" to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to emphasize a text I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? Sometimes, when I try to teach Lyx to new-users the first question they asked me is: "where are those 2 buttons". These two buttons, for example, are available in softwares such as TexMaker or WinEdit. Most of all, I suppose, it occurs because most users are used to work with text editors such as Word or OpenOffice Writer :-) Best regards, Silvio Well, before computers turned up, manuscripts used to be either handwritten and/or typed out on a typewriter, before they were sent to the printer. Typewriters could not easily emphasize a word so one would use underlining as to signal that the text should be emphasized in the printed version (also in handwritten manuscripts). Emphasizing the text in the printed manuscript would be done using som form of italic/slanted type in most cases. If the printed typeface did not have any slanted version one could also use s p a c e s to emphasize a printed word. Later typewriter models could make bold text by applying the character multiple times slightly offset. That said, you almost never find bold or underlined text in properly edited and printed texts (except in headlines of different types and some lists). I think LyX is only trying to bring forward this typographical practice. I mean, why use underlining when you can use emphasizing directly. regards Niklas
Re: Question about bold and underline "missing" buttons
On 09/21/2009 10:27 AM, silvio grosso wrote: Hello everybody, I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. Don't get me wrong. I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. For instance, my "preferite" way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit "strange" to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to emphasize a text. I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? I don't know for sure why the buttons aren't there, but I think the reason is the same as the reason that there isn't a button for italics. Now you might say, yes, there is! But there isn't. Emphasis isn't italics, as you will find it you do this: This is really emphatic In most document classes, "really" will be italicized and "emphatic" will be upright. Emphasis is semantic. It means something. So does "noun", for which there is also a button. The others are not. LyX discourages their use; hence the lack of a button. Of course, you could also have something equivalent to HTML's tag, which defaults in most browsers to boldface, and the Logical Markup module defines such a thing. But at present there's no way for modules to add things to the toolbars. Such a button would have to be added independently. This is not very hard to do. The safest way is to copy the file stdtoolbars.inc from LyX's resource directories (normally, this would be /usr/share/lyx/ui/ on Linux) to your local LyX directory ($HOME/.lyx/ui/, on Linux) and then modify it as follows. Around line 85, you will see this: Item "Toggle emphasis" "font-emph" Item "Toggle noun" "font-noun" Add this: Item "Toggle bold" "font-bold" if you just want bold or Item "Toggle strong" "flex-insert CharStyle:strong" for strong. Then you have to add the button file itself (to $HOME/.lyx/images/, on Linux). This should be a 20x20 PNG named the same (more or less) as the LFUN you are calling. As it happens, there seems already to be a font-bold.png; you could just copy this to flex-insert_CharStyle:strong.png for the latter case. Richard
Re: Question about bold and underline "missing" buttons
On Monday 21 September 2009 11:34:16 rgheck wrote: > On 09/21/2009 10:27 AM, silvio grosso wrote: > > Hello everybody, > > > > I am sorry for asking such a trivial question so bear with me :-) > > In essence, I would like to know why there are not two buttons, in the > > Lyx interface, to underline or bold a text. > > > > Don't get me wrong. > > I know you can perform these two options easily with Lyx :-) > > Actually, there are really plenty of ways to do so. > > For instance, my "preferite" way (because it is fast) is to press ctr+b > > (to bold) and ctr+u (to underline). However, in my opinion, it is a bit > > "strange" to have a button in the Lyx's interface which allows to > > emphasize a text. I am referring to the one with the big E on it (its > > shortcut is ctr+e). On the other hand, there are not the two buttons > > needed to bold or underline. I suppose there is a reason for it? [clip] > > Emphasis is semantic. It means something. So does "noun", for which > there is also a button. The others are not. LyX discourages their use; > hence the lack of a button. Of course, you could also have something > equivalent to HTML's tag, which defaults in most browsers to > boldface, and the Logical Markup module defines such a thing. But at > present there's no way for modules to add things to the toolbars. Such a > button would have to be added independently. Hi Silvio, First, your question wasn't the slightest bit trivial -- it in fact is one of the most profound questions asked here. I'd like to put even more **EMPHASIS** on what Richard said. It's my personal opinion that on any document more than five pages long, you're walking the trail of tears if you use things like "bold", "italic", "Smallcaps" and the like. This is because what you **REALLY** want to do is reveal special usage of the word(s) to the reader. If you always used italic for emphasis, you'd need to remember that and make sure you never used bold for emphasis. Here's another problem. Let's say you use Italic for emphasis, and also use Italic for the four suits of a card deck, Clubs, Diamonds, Spades and Hearts. Now you want to change the four suits to be bold. If you'd used two different character styles for the two, you'd simply change the definition of the character style. If you'd strongarmed them all to italic, you'd need to search and replace throughout the document. Emph is really a kinda sorta character style built into LyX. I'm pretty sure it can be redefined to produce bold output, or bold italic output, or Large output, or whatever you want. I know for a fact you can do that with real character styles. You noted in your original post (not quoted here) that your MS Word and Texmaker using friends have buttons for underline and bold. If they use those buttons, they've fallen into some very bad habits, because they've substituted appearance for meaning. As a document gets long and you need to maintain consistency, the only way to do that is with styles, both for paragraphs and for smaller runs of text (character styles). MS Word has excellent paragraph and character styles -- they should be used. I've used paragraph and character styles ever since Wordperfect 5.0 came out in the late 1980's. Personally, I don't use Emph, Noun (the little man on the button) or the Font button. Instead I have character styles for all. In that way, I can have styles named for their meaning and appearing how I define them to appear. That way, if 6 months after writing a book I decide that a chapter name should be large and italic instead of bold, I can make the switch in my layout file, and all chapter names will change accordingly. No discussion of this subject is complete without thanking the LyX development team for implementing character styles. Thank you! HTH, and excellent question. SteveT Steve Litt Recession Relief Package http://www.recession-relief.US Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/stevelitt
Re: Question about bold and underline "missing" buttons
On 09/21/2009 01:04 PM, Steve Litt wrote: Emph is really a kinda sorta character style built into LyX. I'm pretty sure it can be redefined to produce bold output, or bold italic output, or Large output, or whatever you want. I know for a fact you can do that with real character styles. What Ctrl-E (or the toolbar button) gets you is what we call a "character range". But there is also an emphasis character style, defined in the Logical Markup module. Both can be redefined, though in different ways. To redefine the range, you have to do it in LaTeX, via something like: \def\emph. The character style can be redefined in LyX itself. Richard
