[Marxism] Forging Capitalism: Rogues, Swindlers, Frauds and the Rise of Modern Finance

[Louis Proyect via Marxism]

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LRB, Vol. 38 No. 1 · 7 January 2016
Phantom Gold
by John Pemble

Forging Capitalism: Rogues, Swindlers, Frauds and the Rise of Modern 
Finance by Ian Klaus

Yale, 287 pp, £18.99, January, ISBN 978 0 300 18194 4

An MP and financier dead from poison on Hampstead Heath; the secretary 
of a life insurance company in his office with his brains blown out; a 
stockbroker with his throat cut in a railway carriage in Grosvenor Road 
Station; a diamond magnate jumping overboard from a passenger liner in 
the mid-Atlantic: lurid with suicide, Victorian capitalism got a very 
bad press. In 1776 Adam Smith had argued in The Wealth of Nations that 
free-market capitalism was a force for material and moral progress. 
Capitalism left to itself, he insisted, must produce the best of all 
possible worlds, since a capitalist pursuing self-interest makes life 
better for everyone. ‘The study of his own advantage naturally, or 
rather necessarily, leads him to prefer that employment which is most 
advantageous to society.’ He is ‘led by an invisible hand to promote an 
end which was no part of his intention.’ Independently of Karl Marx – 
little known and never influential among Victorian intellectuals – a 
great many critics fustigated this way of thinking. Fire and brimstone 
evangelists like Carlyle, agonised agnostics like Matthew Arnold, Arts 
and Crafts socialists like Ruskin and Morris, and vegetarian Fabians 
like Shaw and the Webbs accused capitalism of betraying what was best 
for all by bringing out the worst in each. In Victorian fiction its 
heroes are few, and overshadowed by its villains. Disraeli’s novels 
glorified Nathan and Lionel de Rothschild as the Sidonias, father and 
son – the one a great Jewish financier who rescues kings and princes and 
saves civilisation, the other a paladin who combines the wealth of 
Croesus, the wisdom of Solomon and the beauty of Byron. But their 
glamour is pallid beside the turpitude of Dickens’s Nickleby, Dombey and 
Merdle, or Trollope’s Melmotte. Even Disraeli reckoned that capitalism 
of the sort that came to Britain with William of Orange (‘Dutch 
finance’) was detestable: it had resulted in ‘the degradation of a 
fettered and burthened multitude … made debt a national habit … credit 
the ruling power … introduced a loose, inexact, haphazard and dishonest 
spirit in the conduct of both public and private life; a spirit dazzling 
and yet dastardly, reckless of consequences and yet shrinking from 
responsibility’.


Even allowing for sensationalism, dottiness and theatricality, it’s 
still possible to read the history of the Victorian age as the story of 
a society blighted by capitalism at every level, not just in those lower 
reaches where men, women and children were dehumanised by wage slavery 
in mines and mills. Virginia Woolf described a typically bourgeois sense 
of insecurity when she recalled the attitude of her father, Leslie 
Stephen, to money: ‘Not all his mathematics together with a bank balance 
which he insisted must be ample in the extreme, could persuade him, when 
it came to writing a cheque, that the whole family was not “shooting 
Niagara to ruin”.’ The ruling elite was fearful of the social unrest and 
threat of political revolution that accompanied the growth of 
capitalism, and racked by the headache of what Burke had described as 
‘one of the finest problems in legislation … what the state ought to 
take upon itself to direct by the public wisdom and what it ought to 
leave, with as little interference as possible, to individual discretion’.


Why had capitalism become such a problem, even a malediction? It had 
been around since biblical times, and a part of European history since 
the Middle Ages. But in London in the early 18th century, when the Stock 
Exchange became fully operational, it had lost its reputation. Suddenly 
it was all about ‘bubbles’ and boom and bust, and the suspicion grew 
that it was more likely to deliver nightmares than realise dreams. The 
suspicion became certainty when the Indian dream collapsed, amid 
scandalous revelations of corporate laxity and iniquity, in the 1770s 
and 1780s. The chronic insolvency of the East India Company scuppered 
all hope of redeeming the national debt with tribute from India, and 
launched the first run of a now all too familiar scenario: Parliament in 
shock, a government hostage to the City of London, private profit and 
public loss, fat cats and rogue traders, howls of outrage and demands 
for retribution and regulation. Combining mercantile, industrial and 
financial capitalism with a vast apparatus of empire, the East India 
Company was far too big to be allowed to 

Re: [Marxism] What was Jesus?

[wytheholt--- via Marxism]

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This post ignores the tremendous recent spate of scholarly historical (and even 
archaeological) research and writing about the historical Jesus, for which one 
should turn to the several books published in the last quarter century by 
American scholars and academics Bart Ehrman, John Dominic Crossan, and 
especially Richard A. Horsley, a Marxist.  They agree that Jesus was no 
Christian, nor was he divine either; they see him as a Jewish revolutionary, 
but cast in the mould of the Hebrew prophets, attempting to restore the 
primitive egalitarianism that can be read into the various covenants 
(supposedly between god and his "chosen" people, but probably worked out by the 
Hebrews themselves) which established the land of the Jews as a peasant 
agricultural state wherein each peasant family was guaranteed a workable plot 
of farmland despite, and in the teeth, of moneylenders and the wealthy Jews who 
backed the moneylenders in an increasingly unegalitarian Jewish community in 
Israel.  

Note, for example, that neither Jesus nor his father Joseph is depicted in the 
Bible as owning or farming land, nor even as being fishermen like several of 
Jesus's comrades, even though, historically speaking, the overwhelming number 
of Jewish peasants engaged in farming (and in fishing).  Joseph is said to be a 
carpenter, which was among the most lowly and looked-down-upon categories of 
landless Jews at the time, much lower than farmers, and he probably got work 
participating in the construction of new Roman cities such as Tiberias which 
went up in Israel during the years of the first two Roman emperors, Augustus 
and Tiberias.  Like many Jews who toiled away on these showy, expensive, 
nonJewish Roman towns near Galilee, they had lost their lands to debt and were 
in many senses enslaved and extremely poor; Jesus saw himself as a prophet, 
bringing back and enforcing the democratic and redistributive covenants (as 
required by the concept of jubilee) and restoring an economic basis for 
 independence for poor Jewish peasant farmers -- like his own family.  Of 
course he opposed the wealthy Jews of his time, who were economically allied 
with the conquering Romans (and had been allied with the previously conquering 
Greeks of Alexander's time).  But his goal -- as he repeatedly said -- was to 
restore the covenants.

The three historians I have cited use excellent, widely-accepted techniques of 
historical criticism, which find much that is in the New Testament to have been 
added on later by the True Believers, the followers of Jesus and others who 
wanted to claim Jesus as divine, as some part of god (unlike what Jesus 
actually said of himself).  They find much of the New Testament to be quite 
suspicious, and in varying ways they interpret many passages as not reflecting 
much of the truth of Jesus's life and prophetic career.  They discard these 
from the canon, and arrive at a very different image of Jesus than is given in 
the post below.  They are certainly worth reading, more (in my view) than the 
two authors cited in the post below.

Wythe Holt


 Philip Ferguson via Marxism  wrote: 
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> 
> At Xmas time, an interesting piece:
> Jesus wasn't a Christian; he was a Jewish revolutionary:
> https://rdln.wordpress.com/2015/04/03/jesus-wasnt-a-christian-he-was-a-jewish-revolutionary/
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[Marxism] 'Historicising the Neoliberal Spirit of Capitalism'

[Louis Proyect via Marxism]

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How, therefore, has the notion of individualism been recast in relation to the
neoliberal spirit of capitalism? Among many illustrations, developments in
consumerism can be noted. In advertising, the nurturing of the self, through the
purchase of commodities, is frequently offered as being both desirable and 
necessary.
The neoliberal twist on ‘individual’ is distinctive in at least two ways. 
First, the
category of ‘the consumer’ has now extended into other fields, such as politics,
education, and health. While consumer has always carried an unfavourable tone,
initially meaning to destroy and to waste, one could argue that the 
popularisation of
the term beyond purely commercial settings is helping to neutralise this 
criticism.
Second, with the valorisation of choice and competitiveness as guiding 
principles for
societal organisation, the appeal to personalisation and customisation offers 
further
extensions of neoliberal thinking. From the late 1980s, these latter expressions
became concerns for many businesses, with marketing theory helping to craft, and
implement, such agendas. The rise of ‘mass customisation’ systems was made
financially viable by new flexible manufacturing processes, such as seen in the
automotive industry (Davis 1989; Kotler 1989; Alford, Sackett, and Nelder 
2000). In
this sense, therefore, the marketing of individualised choice to larger 
populations – a
visible phenomena by turn of the century – required the development of an 
elaborate
infrastructure, with respect to manufacturing, processing, and trade




https://www.academia.edu/13596381/Historicising_the_Neoliberal_Spirit_of_Capitalism_in_Springer_S._Birch_K._and_MacLeavy._J._eds_The_Routledge_Handbook_of_Neoliberalism_Abingdon_Routledge_2016_
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[Marxism] Fwd: Capitalism - Not China - Is to Blame for the Current Global Economic Decline

[Louis Proyect via Marxism]

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But then in 2008, 25 years of rising consumer debt based on stagnant 
real wages reached its predictable limits. As workers' incomes proved 
insufficient to service bloated debt obligations, their defaults - 
together with those of financial firms that had speculated in consumers' 
debts - contributed to the 2008 crash. They also contribute to the 
subsequent "recovery" that has bypassed most Americans.


Capitalism's recovery now proceeds like another speeding train headed 
toward contradiction and catastrophe. Capitalists continue to profit 
from stagnant wages (enabled by the continued excess supplies of labor 
power relative to demand) coupled with rising labor productivity. Yet 
they also confront weak and weakening market demands that cannot absorb 
what capitalist production capacities require for profitability. 
Mainstream ideology drives the refusal to see capitalism and its 
contradictions as central to today's economic dilemmas. The major 
"recovery" strategies reproduce the same capitalism with its contradiction.


full: 
http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/34095-capitalism-not-china-is-to-blame-for-the-current-global-economic-decline

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[Marxism] Texas-style justice

[Louis Proyect via Marxism]

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Prosecutor Says No Indictment in Sandra Bland Jail Death
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS, DEC. 22, 2015

HEMPSTEAD, Texas — A grand jury decided that neither sheriff's officials 
nor jailers committed a crime in the treatment of a black woman who died 
in a Texas county jail last summer, but it has not yet determined 
whether the state trooper who arrested her should face charges, a 
prosecutor said.


Prosecutor Darrell Jordan said Monday that the Waller County grand jury 
will return in January to consider "other issues" and warned there could 
be indictments. Unresolved issues include possible charges against the 
trooper who arrested 28-year-old Sandra Bland.


---

NY Times, Dec. 23 2015
Texas Reels After Teenager in ‘Affluenza’ Case and His Mother Disappear
By JULIE TURKEWITZ and KATIE ROGERS

It was a case that captivated the nation, prompting a discussion about 
wealth and power: A white teenager from a well-off family killed four 
people in a Texas suburb in June 2013 while driving drunk. At trial, a 
judge gave the teenager probation after a witness testified that he had 
suffered from too much privilege — an affliction the witness called 
“affluenza.”


This month, the case came roaring back after the authorities announced 
that the teenager, Ethan Couch, 18, had disappeared with his mother 
before a hearing that could have transferred his case to adult court, 
possibly resulting in prison time.


On Tuesday, a spokeswoman for the district attorney’s office in Texas’ 
Tarrant County, Samantha Jordan, said that Mr. Couch had failed to check 
in with his probation officer on Dec. 10, but that the office was not 
notified of his disappearance until Dec. 15, leaving the authorities 
scrambling to make up for lost time.


Mr. Couch’s escape scratched at unhealed wounds in the county, which 
includes Fort Worth and is near Dallas. “There are two social classes 
where we live,” said Alexander Lemus, 25, whose brother, Sergio Molina, 
was thrown from the car driven by Mr. Couch and is now paralyzed, 
brain-damaged and unable to speak.


The family is struggling to care for him, Mr. Lemus said. “We are 
Latino-Americans — my mom is a first-generation Latino-American here, 
single mother, four kids,” he added. “What would the American public say 
if I was Ethan Couch?”


The manhunt for Mr. Couch and his mother, Tonya Couch, 48, has grown to 
involve the United States Marshals Service and the F.B.I. Hundreds of 
leads from across the country have poured in, but no one is sure when 
the Couches disappeared.


Room for Debate: Sentencing and the 'Affluenza' FactorFEB. 18, 2014
Mr. Couch came under fire this month after a video surfaced on Twitter 
that appeared to show him playing drinking games, which would violate 
his 10-year probation sentence.


After Mr. Couch failed to check in with his juvenile probation officer, 
an officer found Ms. Couch’s home emptied out. Her truck was also 
missing. “With the amount of money the family has, obviously they have 
the means to kind of stay off the radar if they want to,” Ms. Jordan said.


One theory floated by investigators is that mother and son fled the 
country, Ms. Jordan said, but there is no evidence to support that idea.


Ms. Jordan said Mr. Couch’s father, Fred, had cooperated with 
investigators. The elder Mr. Couch, who divorced Ms. Couch this fall, is 
in separate trouble with the law, and faces charges for impersonating a 
police officer after an arrest last year. He is not thought to be 
involved in aiding the escape, Ms. Jordan said.


As curiosity surrounding the case grows, the authorities are asking the 
public for help. On Monday, the local sheriff’s office posted photos of 
a black Ford F-150 pickup truck that belongs Ms. Couch. The truck, with 
the Texas license plate number BC50945, has some damage to the rear 
passenger panel.


On the night of the accident, Mr. Couch and a group of friends stole 
beer from a Walmart and went to his parents’ home in Burleson, Tex. 
Afterward, he and seven other people crowded into a pickup truck owned 
by his father’s company.


Mr. Couch drove the car into four pedestrians: Breanna Mitchell, whose 
car had broken down, and three people who had stopped to help — Brian 
Jennings, Hollie Boyles and her daughter, Shelby Boyles.


Mr. Couch was found to have a blood-alcohol level of 0.24 percent, three 
times the legal limit for people 21 and over. He was convicted of 
vehicular manslaughter. Prosecutors had sought 20 years in prison.


The case made headlines when a psychologist called by the defense 
described Mr. Couch as suffering from “affluenza,” a term used to 
describe the psychological 

[Marxism] Fwd: Far From the Madding Crowd | Louis Proyect: The Unrepentant Marxist

[Louis Proyect via Marxism]

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If I were to second-guess myself, I’d say that my high regard for this 
year’s “Far From the Madding Crowd” was inextricably linked to my love 
of Thomas Hardy’s “Tess of the D’Ubervilles”. While there certainly was 
“value added” by director Thomas Vinterberg’s 2015 adaptation (the 
screenplay was written by David Nicholls, who adapted “Tess of the 
D’Ubervilles” for BBC), it was the underlying written work that would 
have perhaps salvaged an attempt by Michael Bay to make a film based on 
Hardy’s breakthrough novel. Of course, the source is often no guarantee 
of success, as the dreary version of “Macbeth” starring Michael 
Fassbender would indicate.


In 1979 I began a systematic study of the world’s greatest fiction in 
order to prepare me to write the Great American Novel. Nothing much came 
out of that project except some enormous reading pleasure particularly 
from the 19th century British novel that I had neglected during a 
misspent youth trying to overthrow American capitalism with the bluntest 
of all instruments, the SWP.


If Vinterberg’s “Far From the Madding Crowd” does nothing except to whet 
the appetite of the audience for a relatively neglected author, he 
deserves an award far greater than any Oscar. While Hardy’s novels have 
elements that lend themselves to cinema, as I shall point out 
momentarily it is his language that soars above plot and character 
development. Considered by some to be a better poet than novelist, there 
are passages in “Far From the Madding Crowd” that can rival the greatest 
poetry. If you go to Project Gutenberg, you can turn to practically any 
page and read something like this, a description of the farmhouse of 
Bathsheba Everdene, the novel’s lead female character: “Fluted 
pilasters, worked from the solid stone, decorated its front, and above 
the roof the chimneys were panelled or columnar, some coped gables with 
finials and like features still retaining traces of their Gothic 
extraction. Soft brown mosses, like faded velveteen, formed cushions 
upon the stone tiling, and tufts of the houseleek or sengreen sprouted 
from the eaves of the low surrounding buildings.”


full: http://louisproyect.org/2015/12/23/far-from-the-madding-crowd/
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[Marxism] Remembering George Habah, Palestinian revolutionary intellectual and freedom fighter

[Philip Ferguson via Marxism]

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https://rdln.wordpress.com/2014/02/08/remembering-george-habash/
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[Marxism] Fwd: The death of universities | Terry Eagleton | Opinion | The Guardian

[Louis Proyect via Marxism]

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http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2010/dec/17/death-universities-malaise-tuition-fees
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[Marxism] Fwd: No need for conspiracy: US seeks ‘regime preservation’ in Syria | Free Charles Davis

[Louis Proyect via Marxism]

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The problem I have with Seymour Hersh’s latest thinly and anonymously 
sourced conspiracy theory about Syria is not that I find it implausible 
that the U.S. government would conspire to preserve the regime of Syrian 
dictator Bashar al-Assad — by, in part, passing it intelligence on 
“jihadists” through a third party — but that we already know this is the 
case and need not rely on the word of a chatty “former adviser” to the 
Pentagon who happens to be friends with a famous journalist.


The real problem for Hersh and others like him these days is that ever 
since the Arab Spring came to Syria in 2011 they have cast in terms of 
conspiracy, abandoning class analysis to suggest it was, from the start, 
or damn near close it, a U.S-Israeli plot to effect regime change, not 
the predictable and indeed predicted result of authoritarian 
neoliberalism, poverty and the closing off of any means for Syrians to 
achieve meaningful reform through politics or pacifism.


full: 
http://freecharlesdavis.com/2015/12/22/no-need-for-conspiracy-the-us-seeks-regime-preservation-in-syria/

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[Marxism] Capitalist modernisation - the NZ case

[Philip Ferguson via Marxism]

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On this blog and previously in *revolution* magazine and *The Spark*newspaper,
we have argued for almost two decades that the NZ ruling class has been
undertaking a modernisation project.  I’m not a huge base-superstructure
fan but, to sum it up in those terms, which can be useful short-hand, they
have been bringing the superstructure in line with the base. . .
full at:
https://rdln.wordpress.com/2015/12/24/capitalist-modernisation-and-the-nz-left/
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Re: [Marxism] Murray Bookchin

[A.R. G via Marxism]

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I've always considered him to be a crank with a small number of anarchist
followers who quote him to lampoon other anarchist cranks.

- Amith

On Thu, Dec 24, 2015 at 6:54 AM, Mark Lause via Marxism <
marxism@lists.csbs.utah.edu> wrote:

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>
> I share a more positive perspective on Bookchin's view of "prosperity,"
> which is--after all--relative.  Even after 2008, most of the poor in
> America are doing much better than most people in the Third World.  They
> are certainly not doing poorly enough at this point to actually dent the
> political predispositions of most of them . . . which was the essence of
> the position he sought to question.
>
> ML
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Re: [Marxism] China’s “Socialist“ Billionaires

[Patrick Bond via Marxism]

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Pröbsting argues, "China became capitalist long ago (in the early 1990s) 
and through two and half decades of hyper-accumulation of capital, a 
significant big bourgeoisie has emerged there. As we have elaborated in 
a number of works, China has become an emerging imperialist power."


We have a new book - reviewed by Louis here 
 
(http://louisproyect.org/2015/09/18/brics-the-anti-capitalist-critique/) 
- framing the problem of China /within (not against) /imperialism as 
being characteristic of "sub-imperialism."


The Marini (1972) definition applies: China is a key national state 
within the larger imperial system, as does Harvey's (2001) definition of 
a capitalist class which once absorbed surpluses but now exports these. 
We saw a fair bit of the latter in Johannesburg a couple of weeks ago: 
http://www.telesurtv.net/english/opinion/Chinas-Path-into-Africa-Blocked-20151213-0004.html72


Any feedback or advice on this matter? China as imperialist, 
inter-imperialist, sub-imperialist? (Anyone want to argue for 
anti-imperialist?)


Cheers,
Patrick

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[Marxism] China’s “Socialist“ Billionaires

[RKOB via Marxism]

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http://www.thecommunists.net/worldwide/asia/china-s-billionaires/


---
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[Marxism] Fwd: US stops British Muslim family from boarding flight to visit Disneyland | US news | The Guardian

[Louis Proyect via Marxism]

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Totally fucking outrageous.

http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/dec/22/us-stops-british-muslim-family-flight-disneyland-david-cameron
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[Marxism] Fwd: Assad Is Reaching Out to Washington Insiders - Bloomberg View

[Louis Proyect via Marxism]

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http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-12-22/assad-is-reaching-out-to-washington-insiders
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