Re: [meteorite-list] Meteorite Picture of the Day
Hellon I wander if the vote counter works right? I made a vote that did not appeared in the right colomn. Is there any delay in displaying the votes ? Regards. Michel Franco IMCA 3969 -Message d'origine- De : meteorite-list-boun...@meteoritecentral.com [mailto:meteorite-list-boun...@meteoritecentral.com] De la part de valpar...@aol.com Envoyé : mardi 12 novembre 2013 08:00 À : meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com Objet : [meteorite-list] Meteorite Picture of the Day Today's Meteorite Picture of the Day: VOTE Contributed by: Hominis Mysterium http://www.tucsonmeteorites.com/mpod.asp __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] differents stone
hello listers stones for sell .if you are interested check this lien and contact me in this addres email azawad...@yahoo.fr http://www.flickr.com/photos/34600337@N07/ __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
Re: [meteorite-list] Lunar meteorite casts?
Actually, that is Dr. Brownlee, the lead scientist for the NASA Stardust mission holding the real NWA 5000 main mass over his head the same day it arrived in the U.S. This image lends scale to this massive Moon rock! Adam - Original Message - From: Raymond Borges borgesraym...@gmail.com To: Greg Hupé gmh...@centurylink.net Cc: meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com Sent: Monday, November 11, 2013 2:14 PM Subject: Re: [meteorite-list] Lunar meteorite casts? Wow, that's just great! Don't think I would have held the real meteorite over my head like that though, maybe the cast. Raymond Borges MSCS/BSCpE SREB Fellow CS Ph.D. Student Lane Department of CS/EE West Virginia University On Mon, Nov 11, 2013 at 5:10 PM, Greg Hupé gmh...@centurylink.net wrote: Hello Raymond, Here is a link to the photo gallery on the NWA 5000 web site, you will see the only replica of it made. http://www.themeteoritesite.com/gallery.html Best Regards, Greg Greg Hupé The Hupé Collection gmh...@centurylink.net www.NaturesVault.net (Online Catalog Reference Site) www.LunarRock.com (Online Planetary Meteorite Site) NaturesVault (Facebook, Pinterest eBay) http://www.facebook.com/NaturesVault http://pinterest.com/NaturesVault IMCA 3163 Click here for my current eBay auctions: http://search.ebay.com/_W0QQsassZnaturesvault -Original Message- From: Raymond Borges Sent: Monday, November 11, 2013 3:25 PM To: meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com Subject: [meteorite-list] Lunar meteorite casts? Hello! Anyone know of any Lunar meteorite casts in existence? I know of only 2 Mars meteorite casts, NWA 1195 and DaG 735. And also, wouldn't it be nice if there was a nice NWA 7325 cast, with that spectacular green fusion crust? Raymond Borges spacerocks.org __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] 2014 International Meteor Conference
http://www.imo.net/imo/imc International Meteor Conference (IMC) Each year the International Meteor Organization organizes a four-day conference where about 100 meteor enthusiasts from around the world attend lectures and share their experience. Since the founding of the International Meteor Organization, the International Meteor Conferences (IMCs) have guaranteed the vital personal contacts between its members. IMC 2014 The 2014 International Meteor Conference will take place in Giron, France, 18-21 September 2014. The standard 2014 IMC fee is 170 EUR (rooms 3-6 persons). Double and single rooms are offered at 195 EUR and 220 EUR respectively. As IMC excursion we will visit CERN (near Geneva, 50 km from Giron). The 2014 IMC website will soon be available. What to expect? The IMC lecture and poster program features both beginning amateurs as well as top meteor experts. Each IMC also offers an excursion, a conference welcome package with an IMC T-shirt, full board and conference Proceedings. The complete IMC format is offered at a very low price *all-in* which is rather unique for such a conference. Another aspect of these events, the legendary IMC spirit, cannot be captured in words, it can only be fully experienced live. The scientific resources and socializing at an IMC are so extremely rich that no meteor enthusiasts can resist to attend each IMC whenever he or she can. __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Russia's Phobos Sample Return Mission Will Contain Bits of Mars
http://news.brown.edu/pressreleases/2013/11/phobos Martian moon samples will have bits of Mars Kevin Stacey Brown University November 11, 2013 A Russian mission to the Martian moon Phobos, launching in 2020, would return samples from Phobos that contain bits and pieces of Mars itself. A new study calculates how much Martian material is on the surface of Phobos and how deep it is likely to go. PROVIDENCE, R.I. - A planned mission to return a sample from the Martian moon Phobos will likely be a twofer, according to a study by Brown University geologists. The study helps to confirm the idea that the surface of Phobos contains tons of dust, soil, and rock blown off the Martian surface by large projectile impacts. Phobos orbital path plows through occasional plumes of Martian debris, meaning the tiny moon has been gathering Martian castoffs for millions of years. That means a sample-return mission planned by the Russian space agency could sample two celestial bodies for the price of one. The mission is scheduled to be flown early in the next decade, so the question is not academic, said James Head, professor of geological sciences and an author on the study. This work shows that samples from Mars can indeed be found in the soil of Phobos, and how their concentration might change with depth. That will be critical in the design of the drills other equipment. The research appears in the latest issue of Space and Planetary Science. The Russian mission will be the space agency's second attempt to return a sample from Phobos. Head was a participating scientist on the first try, which launched in 2011, but an engine failure felled the spacecraft before it could leave Earth orbit. The next attempt is scheduled to launch in 2020 or shortly thereafter. This new research grew out of preparation for the original mission, which would still be en route to Phobos had it not encountered problems. Scientists had long assumed Phobos likely contained Martian bits, but Russian mission planners wanted to know just how much might be there and where it might be found. They turned to Head and Ken Ramsley, a visiting researcher in Brown's planetary geosciences group. To answer those questions, Ramsley and Head started with a model based on our own Moon to estimate how much of Phobos' regolith (loose rock and dust on the surface) would come from projectiles. They then used gravitational and orbital data to determine what proportion of that projectile material came from Mars. When an impactor hits Mars, only a certain of proportion of ejecta will have enough velocity to reach the altitude of Phobos, and Phobos' orbital path intersects only a certain proportion of that, Ramsley said. So we can crunch those numbers and find out what proportion of material on the surface of Phobos comes from Mars. According to those calculations, the regolith on Phobos should contain Martian material at a rate of about 250 parts per million. The Martian bits should be distributed fairly evenly across the surface, mostly in the upper layers of regolith, the researchers showed. Only recently - in the last several 100 million years or so - has Phobos orbited so close to Mars, Ramsley said. In the distant past it orbited much higher up. So that's why you're going to see probably 10 to 100 times higher concentration in the upper regolith as opposed to deeper down. And while 250 parts per million doesn't sound like a lot, the possibility of returning even a little Martian material to Earth gets planetary scientists excited. It's a nice bonus for a mission primarily aimed at learning more about Phobos, a mysterious little rock in its own right. Scientists are still not sure where it came from. Is it a chunk of Mars that was knocked off by an impact early in Martian history, or is it an asteroid snared in Mars' orbit? There are also questions about whether its interior might hold significant amounts of water. Phobos has really low density, Head said. Is that low density due to ice in its interior or is it due to Phobos being completely fragmented, like a loose rubble pile? We don't know. If all goes well, the upcoming Russian mission will help solve some of those mysteries about Phobos. And we might learn a good deal about Mars in the process. Editors: Brown University has a fiber link television studio available for domestic and international live and taped interviews, and maintains an ISDN line for radio interviews. For more information, call (401) 863-2476. __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] 3.5 Billion-Year-Old Bacterial Ecosystems Found In Western Australia
http://www.news.uwa.edu.au/20136238/research/pilbara-home-35-billion-year-old-bacterial-ecosystems Pilbara home to 3.5 billion-year-old bacterial ecosystems The University of Western Australia November 11, 2013 Evidence of complex microbial ecosystems dating back almost 3.5 billion years has been found in Western Australia's Pilbara region by an international team including UWA Research Assistant Professor David Wacey. The research, published this week in the journal Astrobiology has revealed the well-preserved remnants of a complex ecosystem in a 3.5 billion-year-old sedimentary rock sequence. Professor Wacey said identifying and reconstructing Earth's earliest biosphere was challenging because the oldest sedimentary rocks were not only rare, but also almost always changed by hydrothermal and tectonic activity. The Pilbara region of Western Australia is one of the rare geological regions that provides insight into the early evolution of life on Earth, he said. Mound-like deposits created by ancient bacteria, called stromatolites, and microfossils of bacteria have previously been discovered in this region. However, a phenomenon called microbially induced sedimentary structures, or MISS, had not previously been seen in rocks of this great age. MISS were created by microbial mats as the microbial communities responded to changes in physical sediment dynamics, Professor Wacey said. A common example would be the binding together of sediment grains by microbes to prevent their erosion by water currents, he said. The significance of MISS is that they not only demonstrate the presence of life, but also the presence of whole microbial ecosystems that could co-ordinate with one another to respond to changes in their environment. Professor Wacey, based at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid Systems, the Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, and the Centre for Exploration Targeting, worked with US colleagues Nora Noffke and Daniel Christian of Old Dominion University, and Bob Hazen of the Carnegie Institute Washington. The team described the various MISS from the ancient coastal flats preserved in the Dresser Formation and found close similarities in both form and preservation style to MISS in younger rocks. Associate Professor Noffke, lead author of the paper, said the research extended the geological record of MISS by almost 300 million years and showed that complex mat-forming microbial communities likely existed almost 3.5 billion years ago. MISS are among the targets of Mars rovers, which search for similar biological signals on that planet's surface. Hence, the team's findings could be significant for studies of life elsewhere in our solar system. Media references Assistant Professor David Wacey (Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis) (+61 8) 6488 8064 UWA Public Affairs Media Team (+61 8) 6488 7977 / (+61 4) 32 637 716 __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Tracking Cameras in Australia Aim to Unlock Meteorite Mysteries
http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2013/11/12/3889197.htm Tracking cameras aim to unlock meteorite mysteries By Eloise Fuss Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) November 12, 2013 The ones that people normally call shooting stars are often really really small, just sand grains that come into our atmosphere, explains Professor Phil Bland. The bigger things that you see, the bright fireballs are from chunks of rock, those are meteorites. Curtin University researcher Phil Bland is an expert when it comes to meteorites, but he's hoping a new project tracking meteors across the Australian sky will help uncover more about their mystifying origins. There's something like 50,000 meteorites now in collections around the world and people do a ton of science on those and go to great lengths to collect them. But we only really know where 14 or 15 of them out of that 50,000 come from in the solar system. Mr Bland says they're getting closer to finding an answer. He has just returned from a research trip to the Nullarbor, as part of his project placing a network of meteor tracking cameras through regional and remote areas of Australia. Basically they'll be taking pictures of the night sky continuously, so we can track everything that comes through the atmosphere. He said this work will cover about a third of Australia when it's done, and enable researchers to better identify where the meteorites originate from and land. If you imagine you've got a little triangle of cameras in different positions and they can see all the sky, they'll see that fireball from different orientations. You can triangulate exactly where it is in the atmosphere based on those observations. Mr Bland said the project extends far beyond just collecting rocks, as meteors offer broader planetary science insights. The reason we started it is meteorites are the oldest rocks that we have, Mr Bland explained. They formed in the first few million years after the solar system itself, and so they can tell us things about how planets like the earth formed from dust and gas, and there's a whole load of questions that are still unanswered about that. He said around ten sizable rocks per million square kilometres land in Australia each year, so in Western Australian that's around 20 rocks falling annually that are more than a kilogram in size. The rocks that fall to earth, some are stony, a lot like terrestrial rocks or basalt. A large number have little chunks of metal inside of them, and a few have solid chunks of iron, nickel and metal. He's hoping the new camera system enables researchers to collect two times as many fallen asteroids, and consequently uncover more information about these intergalactic rocks. It's always a beautiful thing when you see a fireball come through the atmosphere and you're lying out there in the desert- you see one of these things and it just blows you away. But the science, knowing that came from out beyond the orbit of Pluto and hit the top of the atmosphere at 60km a second and formed 4.5 billion years ago, that adds to that wonder and I love that. Mr Bland told ABC News a smart phone app is also being used to augment the camera network program. He said the university wants to engage any people interested in astronomy to use the Fireballs in the Sky app so they can record their own meteor experience and share the data. __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] AD - Awesome assortment of meteorites for sale - must sell asap
Hi to all, I have to sell pretty much everything on my website asap. Under the meteorites for sale tab is a great assortment of premium meteorites for sale, will consider offers on large amounts purchased. I really need the help the sales would bring, my home depends on it - I have 7 days left to raise the money to save it from mess my ex created. http://www.wanderingstarmeteorites.com/meteorites-for-sale.html Greg Catterton www.wanderingstarmeteorites.com On Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/WanderingStarMeteorites __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Any skeletons in your cupboard?
Hi List I am looking to buy (or trade): (1) A modest full-slice or end-cut of Dalgety Downs. (2) A spectacular (or as near as you can get) Imilac skeleton. If you have anything to offer please contact me offf-list. Thanks Nigel Mann IMCA #5835 __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Research Shows Organic Molecules Can Survive Meteorite Impact
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/about-us/news/2013/november/life-may-have-arrived-from-space125606.html Life may have arrived from space Natural History Museum (United Kingdom) 11 November 2013 [Image] False-coloured scanning electron microscope image showing organic material in meteorite debris. New research shows that organic molecules, on which life is based, can survive the impact from a meteorite. Reporting in the journal Nature Geoscience, mineralogist Dr Kieran Howard and his team have discovered intact organic molecules inside debris from a meteorite impact. Dr Howard was a researcher at the Museum when he performed the analyses. This is the first evidence that any organic material, either inside a meteorite or already on Earth, can survive the impact of a meteorite striking the planet at high speed. The discovery lends weight to the idea of panspermia the suggestion that life on our planet was seeded by material falling from space. The debris studied by the team was thrown up by a meteorite impact in Western Tasmania, Australia, leaving a 1.2km diameter crater known as Darwin Crater. The meteorite crash-landed on Earth approximately 800,000 years ago at a speed of up to 18kms per second, and with a possible temperature on impact of more than 1,700°C. It was thought that any organic material would be vaporised by the extreme temperature and pressure of a collision. But the researchers found organic matter within the impact debris from local swamps and rainforests present when the meteorite struck. Extra-terrestrial life We were surprised by our discovery, said Dr Howard. We have long assumed any organic molecules, such as amino acids would not survive a meteorite impact. The evidence we have now supports an old hypothesis that impacts might have delivered the building blocks of life to the early Earth. It has been experimentally proven that some bacteria can survive the heat and speed of entering our atmosphere, but whether anything could survive an actual impact was uncertain. Tiny time capsules The evidence for the new research comes from impact glasses, smooth spheres that form when the energy of a meteorite impact melts the rock it strikes and sends it hurtling through the air. These droplets are flung huge distances, solidifying as they travel. The impact glasses used in the study were strewn up to 20km from the impact site at Darwin Crater. Inside the glasses the team found tiny inclusions of organic material, sometimes less than 0.001mm in diameter. They were able to analyse this material and confidently link it to plants that existed in the nearby swamps and rainforests of the time. Life on Mars? Organic material usually degrades over time, but inside the impact glasses it was perfectly preserved for nearly one million years. Impact glasses act as tiny time capsules, preserving a record of the local environment at the time of the meteorite strike. This adds new dimensions to the search for evidence of life on Mars. Since material ejected from Earth could reach Mars in as little as 30,000 years, organic material originating in Earth impact glasses could be found on the surface of the red planet. Mars' own impact glasses could also have preserved material from a time when we know the planet was much wetter and warmer, and may have been able to support life. __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] AD: Spectacular Impactites for Sale on eBay
My apologies for the double post but I was told by several people that the link that I provided was not working properly so this should. Thanks, Brandon D, Hello Fellow Listoids, I have some new spectacular impactites for sale on eBay very much worth checking out even if not looking to buy. Most specimens were listed very low and for material you just never see, this is a great opportunity to add some rare pieces to your collection. Lockne, Kentland, Flynn Creek, Glover Bluff, Sudbury, Wanapitei, Decaturville, Crooked Creek, and more. Check out my listings on eBay by following this link- http://miniurl.com/e9Kz Thank you for your consideration! Brandon D. IMCA# 9312 __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Giant Moon-Forming Impact On Early Earth May Have Spawned Magma Ocean
http://www.space.com/23514-moon-crash-earth-magma-ocean.html Giant Moon-Forming Impact On Early Earth May Have Spawned Magma Ocean by Katia Moskvitch space.com November 8, 2013 LONDON - Billions of years ago, the Earth's atmosphere was opaque and the planet's surface was a vast magma ocean devoid of life. This scenario, says Stanford University professor of geophysics Norman Sleep, was what the early Earth looked like just after a cataclysmic impact by a planet-size object that smashed into the infant Earth 4.5 billion years ago and formed the moon. The moon, once fully formed, which would have appeared much larger in the sky at the time, since it was closer to Earth Hundreds of millions of years later, he added, the first forms of life appeared, possibly having hitched a ride on a rock from Mars. The scenario is one presented by Sleep at a recent Royal Society conference here called Origin of the Moon. A paper detailing Sleep's study was submitted to the symposium volume. Although many elements of the theory have been around for some time, Sleep's synthesis is like putting together a jigsaw puzzle with some pieces already known and some that are speculative and have new aspects, said Dave Stevenson, a Caltech professor of planetary science who was not involved with Sleep's study. One of these new aspects is how Earth cooled down to the temperatures necessary for life to evolve, following the - presumed - giant impact that formed the moon. The processes Sleep discussed took place in the period called Hadean, about 4 billion to 4.5 billion years ago - before the first organisms came into being, and well before more complex life-forms, including dinosaurs, started roaming the Earth. Back then, the Earth was nothing like the blue Earth we know today. Scorching world Instead, the entire Earth was hot and molten all the way to its inner core, a mixture of molten rock and liquid. No life would have been able to survive these brutally high temperatures, which reached 2,000degrees Celsius (more than 3,600 degrees Fahrenheit). Liquid water had no chance to form. The Earth's atmosphere at this time was also much heavier. Its mass was similar to that of today's oceans, and it pushed down on Earth's surface with a pressure of hundreds of bars. (For comparison, the average pressure at the Earth's surface today is 1 bar). It was also opaque - you would not have been able to see much, just clouds covering everything, Stevenson said. Beneath the clouds, a magma ocean swayed, with partially molten rock pushed around by tides, Sleep thinks. These tides were due to the mutual attraction of the Earth and the moon, and were much stronger than those in today's watery oceans, as the moon was sitting much, much closer to the Earth back then. The tides constantly stirred the ocean, causing the mantle to lose heat, similar to stirring and blowing on a bowl of soup. But once released from the Earth's depths, the heat was trapped at the surface, held back by the thick, opaque primordial atmosphere. The heat could only escape the planet (and cool it down) at so-called cloud-top temperature levels - where it would be as cold as on a modern high mountain summit. But for the first 10 million years, the temperatures were much, much higher, Sleep said. The energy loss caused by the mutual attraction of the Earth and the moon was also making the moon gradually pull away. This made the tides progressively weaker, so the molten rock was being stirred less and less, and the Earth's mantle began to solidify in stages. While at the top of the Earth there was still partially molten slurry with a bit of liquid left, in the middle there was a mushy layer, but the deep mantle was becoming solid, Sleep said. Lava was probably still coming up and erupting and freezing at the top, and then falling back in large, kilometer-size pieces that were sinking into the Earth. Slowly, the internal heat flow ceased to dominate the climate, and the temperatures at the surface began to drop, with the heat being able to escape the atmosphere at last. Life from Mars? The sweltering temperatures and trapped heat were not the only obstacles for life to appear, Sleep said. Another issue was overabundance of carbon dioxide in the primordial atmosphere. Carbon dioxide doesn't dissolve in molten rock, so it was bound to bubble up from the magma ocean, creating a so-called runaway greenhouse effect, Sleep said. For the Earth to become habitable, most of this carbon dioxide had to vanish. Sleep said this happened when the tectonic plates began to move in the late Hadean, some 4.4 billion years ago. With the plates moving, the carbon dioxide began to enter the mantle in a process called subduction, when one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the mantle. Liquid water oceans had already begun to condense around that time, and once the Earth cooled sufficiently and most of the
[meteorite-list] Cosmic Rays Zap a Planet's Chances for Life
http://www.astrobio.net/exclusive/5792/cosmic-rays-zap-a-planets-chances-for-life Cosmic Rays Zap a Planet's Chances for Life Charles Choi Astrobiology Magazine November 11, 2013 Mysterious cosmic rays constantly bombard Earth from outer space. Now scientists find these energetic particles could limit where life as we know it might exist on alien planets. Cosmic rays continue to baffle scientists more than a century after they were first discovered. These charged subatomic particles zip through space at nearly the speed of light, a few strangely with energies up to 100 million times beyond what is possible from the most powerful particle accelerator on Earth. Cosmic rays are believed to be atomic nuclei, with the vast majority being protons, or hydrogen nuclei. When cosmic rays hit Earth's atmosphere, they generate a shower of other particles, including muons, which are essentially much heavier versions of their cousin the electron. Some of these particles reach Earth's surface, potentially damaging life on land and in the oceans - muons can even penetrate hundreds of feet below a planet's surface. Scientists investigated how cosmic rays might influence the habitability of distant alien worlds. The hundreds of exoplanets astronomers have discovered in the past two decades using ground and space telescopes have raised the possibility that some might be home to extraterrestrial life. Interest is especially focused on worlds in so-called habitable or Goldilocks zones, which receive enough heat to possess surfaces that can keep water liquid rather than freeze - on Earth, there is life virtually wherever there is liquid water. The investigators reasoned the level of radiation a planet receives helps control its habitability. While a planet might see much fewer galactic cosmic rays compared to the radiation from its star, the average energy of cosmic rays is far higher than photons and protons from the star, making them critical to focus on. If the radiation dose is too high, then life as we know it cannot exist, said study author Dimitra Atri, a physicist at the Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, a nonprofit institute with a network of scientists across the world. The researchers concentrated on two factors that might influence the cosmic ray dose a planet gets - the strength of its magnetic field, and the depth of its atmosphere. I started thinking about this problem when I was thinking about Mars and Earth, which are next-door neighbors, and how we have a thriving biosphere here on Earth, while it's safe to say Mars does not have a thriving biosphere on its surface. Why is that so? Atri said. The main factor is that Mars has a high level of radiation - the atmosphere on Mars is almost negligible, very, very small compared to Earth's, and it has no planetary magnetic field, so it has no shielding from the cosmic rays found everywhere in the galaxy. So I wondered what intermediate scenarios might be like, lying between these two extremes. The investigators simulated planets ranging from ones with no magnetic field to ones as strong as Earth's, and worlds with atmospheres ranging from as thick as Earth's to just a tenth as thick. We know the magnetic field around Earth protects us from these harmful cosmic rays, and we thought magnetic fields were going to be the main factor that controls the radiation dose to the surface, Atri said. Unexpectedly, we found the thickness of a planet's atmosphere is a much more important factor in determining a planet's radiation dose, Atri told Astrobiology Magazine. If you took the Earth and you completely removed the magnetic field, the radiation dose rate will increase by two, which is a big increase, but it would still have very small effects, and would not have any effects on us. However, if you keep the magnetic field and decreased the atmosphere so it is a tenth as thick, the radiation dose will increase by more than two orders of magnitude. Planets around red dwarf stars are often thought of as prime targets for the search of alien life, since these relatively dim stars are very common in the universe, making up at least 80 percent of the total number of stars. Theoretical calculations suggested planets in the habitable zones close to red dwarfs are more likely to have weaker magnetic fields, especially in the case of so-called super-Earths, large rocky planets up to 10 times Earth's mass. Astrobiologists were concerned these weak magnetic fields could make them poor candidates for life, but these new findings suggest weak magnetic fields are less of a problem than they thought. Future research can examine how increasing radiation affects the evolution of life, Atri said. Most studies of radiation's effects on life mostly expose organisms to very high doses of radiation to see if they get killed or not, but I think systematic studies that gradually increase the radiation microbes
[meteorite-list] Curiosity Rover Out of Safe Mode
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2013-330 Curiosity Out of Safe Mode Jet Propulsion Laboratory November 12, 2013 Mars Science Laboratory Mission Status Report NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Project received confirmation from Mars Sunday (Nov. 10) that the Curiosity rover has successfully transitioned back into nominal surface operations mode. Curiosity had been in safe mode since Nov. 7, when an unexpected software reboot (also known as a warm reset) occurred during a communications pass with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Mission science planning will resume tomorrow, and Curiosity science operations will recommence on Thursday. We returned to normal engineering operations, said Rajeev Joshi, a software and systems engineer for the Curiosity mission at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. We are well into planning the next several days of surface operations and expect to resume our drive to Mount Sharp this week. After analyzing the data returned by the spacecraft on Thursday evening, Nov. 7 (Pacific Time), the Curiosity operations team was able to determine the root cause. An error in existing onboard software resulted in an error in a catalog file. This caused an unexpected reset when the catalog was processed by a new version of flight software which had been installed on Thursday. The team was able to replicate the problem on ground testbeds the following day. Commands recovering the spacecraft were uplinked to the spacecraft early Sunday morning. NASA's Mars Science Laboratory Project is using Curiosity to assess whether areas inside Gale Crater ever offered a habitable environment for microbes. JPL, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the project for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. More information about Curiosity is online at http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/msl , http://www.nasa.gov/msl and http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/ . You can follow the mission on Facebook at: http://www.facebook.com/marscuriosity and on Twitter at: http://www.twitter.com/marscuriosity . DC Agle 818-393-9011 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. a...@jpl.nasa.gov 2013-330 __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] NASA Continues Workshop to Discuss Asteroid Initiative Ideas
November 12, 2013 Sarah Ramsey/Rachel Kraft Headquarters, Washington 202-358-1694/202-358-5227 sarah.ram...@nasa.gov / rachel.h.kr...@nasa.gov MEDIA ADVISORY M13-178 NASA Continues Workshop to Discuss Asteroid Initiative Ideas NASA has rescheduled its Asteroid Synthesis Workshop, a public forum to examine and synthesize 96 of the ideas submitted to a Request for Information (RFI) about the agency's asteroid initiative. The workshop will be held Nov. 20 - 22 at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, and is a continuation of the workshop originally scheduled for Sept. 30 - Oct. 2, which was ended early because of the government shutdown. The workshop will feature discussions by experts from NASA, the agency's international partners, private industry and the public. Topics include how best to identify, capture and relocate a near-Earth asteroid for closer study, how to respond to asteroid threats, as well as partnership, crowdsourcing and citizen science ideas. Workshop results will be considered for future planning as NASA refines the details of its mission. NASA's fiscal year 2014 budget proposes an asteroid initiative that includes a strategy to leverage human and robotic activities for a first-ever human mission to an asteroid, while also accelerating efforts to improve detection and characterization of asteroids. The work aligns the agency's ongoing efforts in science, new technology development and human exploration. NASA received more than 400 ideas in response to the June RFI. The ideas were submitted by industry, universities, international organizations, and for the first time, individual members of the public. NASA's selection process involved agency scientists, engineers and mission planners who are formulating details of the asteroid initiative. Each session will be webcast on NASA's UStream channel, and virtual participation is encouraged. Because of limited capacity, in person attendance is limited to invited, registered presenters. Selected sessions also will be broadcast on NASA Television. Virtual audience members can ask questions through the UStream chat function and via Twitter with session-specific hashtags. Complete schedule information, live webcasts, hashtags, and other details on how to participate virtually can be found at: http://www.nasa.gov/asteroidworkshop Media interested in attending the workshop in person should contact Rachel Kraft at rachel.h.kr...@nasa.gov or Sarah Ramsey at sarah.ram...@nasa.gov . For NASA TV streaming video, downlink and scheduling information, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/nasatv For more information on NASA's asteroid initiative, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/asteroidinitiative -end- __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] [AD] - Casimiro de Abreu Brazil iron
Hello all! I have traded another very rare Brazilian iron named CASIMIRO DE ABREU and there will be only one slice available for sale: CASIMIRO DE ABREU - 3.322g http://www.ebay.com/itm/331064130297 Other rarities still available on ebay: PARANAIBA – rare fall http://www.ebay.com/itm/331064906568 SERRA DE MAGÉ - achondrite hammer fall - ultra rare - slice with crust http://www.ebay.com/itm/331062730094 SANTA CATHARINA - beautiful small iron slice (not shale!) http://www.ebay.com/itm/331064134027 ITAPICURU-MIRIM - historic fall http://www.ebay.com/itm/331062727411 PARA DE MINAS - super rare! - beautiful 2.89g slice (last slice!) http://www.ebay.com/itm/331062731273 CAMPINORTE - new Brazilian iron (shale fragment) http://www.ebay.com/itm/331044838116 NOVA PETROPOLIS - Beautiful 15.8g slice http://www.ebay.com/itm/331061221035 Best! Andre Moutinho IMCA 2731 http://www.meteorito.com.br __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] AD: Spectacular Impactites for Sale on eBay
My apologies for the double post but I was told by several people that the link that I provided was not working properly so this should. Thanks, Brandon D, Hello Fellow Listoids, I have some new spectacular impactites for sale on eBay very much worth checking out even if not looking to buy. Most specimens were listed very low and for material you just never see, this is a great opportunity to add some rare pieces to your collection. Lockne, Kentland, Flynn Creek, Glover Bluff, Sudbury, Wanapitei, Decaturville, Crooked Creek, and more. Check out my listings on eBay by following this link- http://miniurl.com/e9Kz Thank you for your consideration! Brandon D. . __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] AD: Ensisheim, Sutter's Mill, Sylacauga more rare/historic meteorites ending on ebay SOON!
Hello Listers Thank you for taking a look at my post of meteorites I have for sale on eBay. Here is your chance to own some rare and historic meteorites. Please take a look and if you have any questions or OFFERS /or TRADES, please email me and I'll get back with you. Lastly, if you are looking for bigger/smaller meteorites, let me know too. A meteorite is a meteorite, but a meteorite with history legacy, will always add aura to your meteorite collection and value. ebay store http://www.ebay.com/sch/imca1633nyc/m.html Featured Auctions ALMAHATA SITTA meteorite 2008TC3 1st meteorite seen from space-SUPER RARE! http://www.ebay.com/itm/261319318360?ssPageName=STRK:MESELX:IT_trksid=p3984.m1555.l2649 SUTTER’S MILL Meteorite - CA USA C meteorite class April 22, 2012 SUPER RARE http://www.ebay.com/itm/251375321192?ssPageName=STRK:MESELX:IT_trksid=p3984.m1555.l2649 COLLESCIPOLI rare Italy 49mg meteorite FALL fragment hard to find historic fall! http://www.ebay.com/itm/251375322791?ssPageName=STRK:MESELX:IT_trksid=p3984.m1555.l2649 TROUP meteorite-3rd fall-Fell in 1917 in TEXAS USA-Almost hit a BOY TKW 1020g http://www.ebay.com/itm/261324955091?ssPageName=STRK:MESELX:IT_trksid=p3984.m1555.l2649 COLD BOKKEVELD meteorite fall 1838 - 1st CM2 meteorite Fall - Very Rare fall! http://www.ebay.com/itm/261328492587?ssPageName=STRK:MESELX:IT_trksid=p3984.m1555.l2649 SYLACAUGA 35mg meteorite, Mrs. Hodges Meteorite Strike - Extremely Rare! http://www.ebay.com/itm/261328508701?ssPageName=STRK:MESELX:IT_trksid=p3984.m1555.l2649 VALERA Cow killing HAMMER STONE meteorite - rare fall with documentation! http://www.ebay.com/itm/251374496061?ssPageName=STRK:MESELX:IT_trksid=p3984.m1555.l2649 KESEN historic meteorite - Fell 1850, Japan. Worshiped as an idol, VERY RARE! http://www.ebay.com/itm/251378681053?ssPageName=STRK:MESELX:IT_trksid=p3984.m1555.l2649 Shawn Alan IMCA 1633 ebay store http://meteoritefalls.com/http://www.ebay.com/sch/imca1633nyc/m.html http://meteoritefalls.com/http://www.ebay.com/sch/imca1633nyc/m.html __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
[meteorite-list] Meteorite Picture of the Day
Today's Meteorite Picture of the Day: Norton County Contributed by: Rob Wesel http://www.tucsonmeteorites.com/mpod.asp __ Visit the Archives at http://www.meteorite-list-archives.com Meteorite-list mailing list Meteorite-list@meteoritecentral.com http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list
