Re: On consistency and 192.0.0.0/24

RFC 5736 was obsoleted by RFC 6890. It says in part: 2.2.1. Information Requirements The IPv4 and IPv6 Special-Purpose Address Registries maintain the following information regarding each entry: … o Forwardable - A boolean value indicating whether a router may forward an IP

Re: NANOG Digest, Vol 193, Issue 1

Wow! The reason it’s called generative AI is because it totally made that up. Kind Regards, Jakob Date: Wed, 31 Jan 2024 18:27:24 + From: "Compton, Rich" To: Mohammad Khalil , NANOG list Subject: Re: SOVC - BGp RPKI Message-ID: Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8" ChatGPT

Re: SOVC - BGp RPKI

In bgp_sovc.h, at the top, it says: BGP Secure Origin Validation Code Further down in the file, it says: BGP Secured Origin Validate Cache – SOVC Basically, the router downloads the VRPs from the RPKI server, using RFC 6810. Then it uses the downloaded VRPs to validate received routes using RFC

Re: maximum ipv4 bgp prefix length of /24 ?

On a related note, I'm working on a project to handle FIB overflow in such a way as to cause the least disruption in the network. I welcome suggestions either on or off list. Kind Regards, Jakob

Re: maximum ipv4 bgp prefix length of /24 ?

Regards, Jakob From: William Herrin Date: Sunday, October 1, 2023 at 6:32 PM To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: maximum ipv4 bgp prefix length of /24 ? On Sun, Oct 1, 2023 at 5:40 PM Jakob Heitz (jheitz) via NANOG wrote: > Among the issues: > Suppose the FIB h

Re: maximum ipv4 bgp prefix length of /24 ?

Among the issues: Suppose the FIB has all the /24 components to make a /20, so it programs a /20. Then one of the /24's changes nexthop. It now has to undo all that compression by reinstalling some of the routes and figuring out the minimum set of /21, /22, /23, /24 to make it happen. Then to

Re: maximum ipv4 bgp prefix length of /24 ?

Each unit of mask length increase doubles the size of the table theoretically. About 60% of the table is /24 routes. Just going to /25 will probably double the table size. Not sure I'd like to extrapolate the estimate out to /27. Kind Regards, Jakob

Re: JunOS/FRR/Nokia et al BGP critical issue

Regards, Jakob From: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Date: Wednesday, August 30, 2023 at 8:15 AM To: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: JunOS/FRR/Nokia et al BGP critical issue IOS-XR passes on the attribute by default. Some other routers incorrectly claim it to be malformed and reset the BGP session. IOS-XR has

Re: JunOS/FRR/Nokia et al BGP critical issue

#wp3145726977 https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/routers/asr9000/software/asr9k-r7-8/routing/configuration/guide/b-routing-cg-asr9000-78x/implementing-bgp.html#concept_77EE033C2F0C4BDDB8423C25FA71E3F9 Kind Regards, Jakob From: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Date: Wednesday, August 30, 2023 at 7:43 AM

Re: JunOS/FRR/Nokia et al BGP critical issue

The blog was updated. Correct link: https://blog.benjojo.co.uk/post/bgp-path-attributes-grave-error-handling The attribute was not malformed. This is the hex dump of the attribute: “E0 1C 00” It is described here. https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6790#section-5.2 This attribute is deprecated, but

Re: Destination Preference Attribute for BGP

Fact remains, operators scrub communities and path-attributes for many reasons. That's why as-path length is used as a traffic engineering mechanism over multiple AS hops. As limited as it is, it's what we have. Kind Regards, Jakob From: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Date: Friday, August 18, 2023 at 1

Re: Destination Preference Attribute for BGP

We support platforms of various capacities. While we would all like to sell the large ones, people buy the cheap ones too. Kind Regards, Jakob From: Robert Raszuk Date: Friday, August 18, 2023 at 12:55 PM To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: Destination Preference

Re: Destination Preference Attribute for BGP

Perhaps to you Robert. I work on code and with customer issues that escalate to code. Kind Regards, Jakob From: Robert Raszuk Date: Friday, August 18, 2023 at 10:59 AM To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: Destination Preference Attribute for BGP Hi Jakob, On Fri, Aug 18

Re: Destination Preference Attribute for BGP

get dropped. route-policy testRP if as-path length ge 200 then drop endif end-policy Kind Regards, Jakob From: Robert Raszuk Date: Friday, August 18, 2023 at 12:38 AM To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: Destination Preference Attribute for BGP Jakob

Re: Destination Preference Attribute for BGP

"prepend as-path" has taken its place. Kind Regards, Jakob Date: Wed, 16 Aug 2023 21:42:22 +0200 From: Mark Tinka On 8/16/23 16:16, michael brooks - ESC wrote: > Perhaps (probably) naively, it seems to me that DPA would have been a > useful BGP attribute. Can anyone shed light on why this

Re: Best Linux (or BSD) hosted BGP?

I just checked the Cisco IOS-XR code. It's not vulnerable to any of the 3 flaws listed in the below linked hackernews article. Kind Regards, Jakob Date: Wed, 3 May 2023 12:52:46 +0300 From: Hank Nussbacher On 02/05/2023 17:56, Warren Kumari wrote: For those that like FRR:

RE: Large prefix lists/sets on IOS-XR

Sander, How big? How slow? You can reply to me off or on list. About 8 to 10 years ago, we had a large effort to improve this. Now customers push many megabytes of prefix-sets several times a day and it works. I have sent some questions internally to get a better answer. Related, in 7.2.1, we

RE: Understanding impact of RPKI and ROA on existing advertisements

There are a lot of ROAs out there that make it EASIER to hijack a route rather than harder. If you register an ROA for a route and also advertise that route in BGP, then an attacker who prepends your ASN has to at least compete with your route with an AS_PATH length and will lose in most of the

Re: any dangers of filtering every /24 on full internet table to preserve FIB space ?

Here is a reason you might want to keep that /24. Suppose you are a small ISP and I am your customer. I also have another larger provider. That larger provider is also your provider. I own a /21 and advertise it to my larger provider. You get that /21 from my larger provider. I advertise a /24

RE: Newbie x Cisco IOS-XR x ROV: BCP to not harassing peer(s)

This attack will work very well until the victim starts advertising its prefix. The victim may not notice the fake advertisement because the fake advertisement will not reach the victim AS due to AS-path loop checking. So potential victims must advertise all prefixes that they register in RPKI or

RE: Newbie x Cisco IOS-XR x ROV: BCP to not harassing peer(s)

2 12:09 AM To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: Newbie x Cisco IOS-XR x ROV: BCP to not harassing peer(s) On Sat, 14 May 2022 at 00:17, Jakob Heitz (jheitz) wrote: Hey Jakob, > 'RPKI-tested-only' will store all routes that encounter a 'validation-state' > test > i

RE: Newbie x Cisco IOS-XR x ROV: BCP to not harassing peer(s)

not prevent all route-refreshes, but uses significantly less memory than 'RPKI-tested-only' Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- From: Saku Ytti Sent: Friday, May 13, 2022 12:36 AM To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: Newbie x Cisco IOS-XR x ROV: BCP to not harassing

RE: Newbie x Cisco IOS-XR x ROV: BCP to not harassing peer(s)

To address the risk of somebody exhausting your memory by dumping a ton of routes on you, we added two new options to "soft-reconfiguration inbound" in IOS-XR. RPKI-dropped-only Saves a copy of only the routes dropped by an RPKI validation-state test in neighbor-in route-policy.

Re: Need for historical prefix blacklist (`rogue' prefixes)

It may be possible to create a fake certificate for a fake ROA. However, to do that requires a lot of steps to go right. First, the RSA private key needs to be derived from the public key. The quantum computer physics exists to do it. However, the known technology is massively behind and may

RE: "Tactical" /24 announcements

Oh, and your other issue. IOS-XR has two modes in which you can use RPKI validity. One is where the router automatically uses the validity. The other mode is where you use the validity in any way you want in route-policy. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- From: Jakob Heitz (jheitz

RE: "Tactical" /24 announcements

> RPKI validity cover is incomplete. One way: add your own RTR records. They don't all have to come from the RPKI. Another way: Add route-policy to validate the origin-as. That requires a prefix-set. However, these prefix-sets are much smaller and the sum of them is smaller than the sum of

RE: "Tactical" /24 announcements

route-policy configuration will be much smaller. I'm happy to answer more questions or requests for improvement on or off list. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- From: Saku Ytti Sent: Saturday, August 14, 2021 11:11 PM To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: "Tac

RE:"Tactical" /24 announcements

Ytti, We have introduced the scalable as-set into the XR route policy language. as-path-set does not scale well with 1000's of ASNs. Now, you don't need to expand AS-SET into prefix-set, just enter it directly. Example: as-set test 2914, 3356, end-set ! route-policy sample if as-path

Re: Can somebody explain these ransomwear attacks?

Finding vulnerabilities and how to exploit them to run malware in closed source code is nigh on impossible. Anyone can read open source code. What is possible is to analyze patches to figure out what was fixed and then to attack those that didn't apply the patches. Even easier is old releases.

Re: A survey on BGP MRAI timer values in practice

In Cisco, MRAI is "advertisement-interval". MRAI helps to reduce route update multiplication in highly redundant networks. OTOH, it can increase the time it takes to re-advertise a complete internet table in some router implementations. Update multiplication due to redundant network connections

RE: BGP and The zero window edge

understanding of what actually happened. TCP zero window is possible, but many other things could cause it too. Anyone? Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- From: Job Snijders Sent: Wednesday, April 21, 2021 2:11 PM To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: BGP and The zero

RE: BGP and The zero window edge

Ben's blog details an experiment in which he advertises routes and then withdraws them, but some of them remain stuck for days. I'd like to get to the bottom of this problem. Has anyone else seen this before or can provide data to analyze? On or off list. Regards, Jakob. -Original

RE: NANOG Digest, Vol 157, Issue 3

I couldn't put down Bill Norton's book. https://drpeering.net/core/bookOutline.html When a cheapskate like me pays the $10, it means something. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- Date: Tue, 2 Feb 2021 11:35:34 +0100 From: Casey Callendrello To: nanog@nanog.org Subject: BGP / routing

RE: Summary: advertise-peer-as

Jared, Agreed it's "interesting". Please configure "as-path-loopcheck out disable" under bgp address family to make it less interesting.

Re: A study on community-triggered updates in BGP

3:59 PM, Jakob Heitz (jheitz) via NANOG wrote: > IOS-XR has duplicate update suppression logic for EBGP sessions, > not for IBGP sessions. > > If you are using EBGP and seeing a fault in the duplicate update > suppression logic in IOS-XR, please let me know configs and details >

Re: A study on community-triggered updates in BGP

This feature suppresses outgoing duplicates. Another feature ignores incoming duplicates from any BGP session. Regards, Jakob. > On Oct 18, 2020, at 1:46 AM, Clemens Mosig wrote: > > On 18.10.20 00:59, Jakob Heitz (jheitz) via NANOG wrote: >> IOS-XR has duplicate update su

A study on community-triggered updates in BGP

IOS-XR has duplicate update suppression logic for EBGP sessions, not for IBGP sessions. If you are using EBGP and seeing a fault in the duplicate update suppression logic in IOS-XR, please let me know configs and details of the experiment. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- Date: Thu,

RE: Juniper configuration recommendations/BCP

IOS-XR accepts extended communities and large communities by default. You have to enable to send them, but not receive. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- Date: Mon, 12 Oct 2020 15:06:05 +0100 From: Here's a fun one. By default Junos accepts extended communities on any BGP session (not

RE: Issue with Noction IRP default setting (Was: BGP route hijack by AS10990)

I was made aware of another bug in IOS-XR: CSCuv94859. Thanks Job and Ryan. It caused some routes with NO_EXPORT to sometimes be advertised to EBGP after an NSR switchover during a software upgrade. It was fixed in 2015. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- From: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Sent

Re: Issue with Noction IRP default setting (Was: BGP route hijack by AS10990)

CSCdj01351. Fixed in 1997. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- Date: Sat, 1 Aug 2020 13:29:59 -0700 From: Ryan Hamel ... Also, wasn't it you that said Cisco routers had a bug in ignoring NO_EXPORT? ...

RE: Don Smith, RIP.

Don was a great guy. I learnt a few things about Flowspec from him. Sorry to see him go. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- Date: Thu, 23 Jul 2020 23:22:45 + From: "Dobbins, Roland" It is with a heavy heart that I must relate the news that Don Smith, formerly of CenturyLink and

Re: Partial vs Full tables

that can happen if the automatic transmission anticipates incorrectly is that it hunts. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2020 10:14:17 +0200 From: Baldur Norddahl On 08.06.2020 07.56, Jakob Heitz (jheitz) via NANOG wrote: > FIB compression comes with some ri

Re: Partial vs Full tables

FIB compression comes with some risks. When routes churn, there are certain cases when you have to decompress the FIB. Then, the FIB must have the space, or else OOPS. If a set of compressed routes has to change to decompress some and compress a different set to improve overall compression, there

RE: attribution

From version 6.3.1, IOS XR supports "if community length" in route-policy. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2020 12:29:33 +0100 From: On the point of as-path length limit, Yes I know of at least one tier-1 that does it and since I left some 8 years back I do it

RE: Route aggregation w/o AS-Sets

Sorry, I did not intend to imply that you were. I should have prefaced my post with "to add". Regards, Jakob. From: Matthew Petach Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2020 4:29 PM To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: Route aggregation w/o AS-Sets I apologize if I wasn't

RE: Route aggregation w/o AS-Sets

Suppose you had a set of customers than all announced to you a set of routes and all those routes complete an aggregate and you announce only the aggregate to those customers and you include an AS_SET with it then those customers will drop your aggregate, thinking there is an AS-loop and those

RE: Practical guide to predicting latency effects?

My data point: I'm working from home. My computer is connected through company VPN, over wifi to Comcast. Comcast speed test says 18mS. I use VNC and Webex with voice and video through the computer. VNC response time and voice delay is not noticeable. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message-

RE: China’s Slow Transnational Network

I can corroborate that. I visited China in August 2019 and had terrible internet performance to sites outside of China. This was both with mobile and wifi at the homes of two friends, one in Heilongjiang and the other in Beijing. When I visited in February 2015, it was much better. Both times,

RE: Starting to Drop Invalids for Customers

Lukas, CSCvc84848 Will keep you in the loop too, Lukas. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- From: Lukas Tribus Sent: Monday, February 3, 2020 12:43 AM To: Mark Tinka ; Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: Starting to Drop Invalids for Customers Hello, On Tue, 14

Re: Starting to Drop Invalids for Customers

Mark, Thanks for bringing this up again. I remember this from nearly 3 years ago when Randy brought it up. A bug was filed, but it disappeared in the woodwork. I have now given it the high priority tag that it should have had initially. Sorry about the mess up. In the meantime, you may be able

RE: fuzzy subnet aggregation

Another thing to consider is how long it takes to download into forwarding hardware. Forwarding hardware is optimized for forwarding, not programming. The programming has to wait for time slots when forwarding is not using the memory. When you do smart aggregation, a single changed route could

RE: BGP over TLS

The article linked says no mainstream BGP implementation supports TCP-AO. IOS-XE and IOS-XR support it. While I do not represent the Cisco view, personally I like the idea of BGP over TLS. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2019 19:21:03 +1100 From: Julien Goodwin

Re: syn flood attacks from NL-based netblocks

The source address in the SYN is spoofed. What if the real owner of the source address wanted to connect to you? Then your penaltybox would block him. An attacker could now use your penaltybox to cause a DoS to the real owner of the IP address. > Date: Sun, 18 Aug 2019 08:48:08 -0700 > From:

Re: Networks enforcing RPKI validation

Job, Let me know if you have any issues doing this with IOS-XR. Regards, Jakob. Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2019 17:29:49 +0200 From: Job Snijders To: Eric Dugas Cc: NANOG Subject: Re: Networks enforcing RPKI validation Message-ID: <20190607152949.gc32...@hanna.meerval.net> Content-Type: text/plain;

Re: Analysing traffic in context of rejecting RPKI invalids

If at least one ROA matches a route, then the route is valid. This is to cover the case when more than one AS is authorized to originate a particular prefix. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6811 Page 5: o NotFound: No VRP Covers the Route Prefix. o Valid: At least one VRP Matches the

RE: Cisco ASR's with RSP440 engines...

Wh! Thanks man! Jakob. -Original Message- Date: Tue, 19 Feb 2019 15:26:38 + From: Tom Hill On 18/02/2019 21:50, John Von Essen wrote: > If anyone on here has experience with the ASR series running the > RSP440-SE or -TR, please contact me off-list. I'm trying to better >

Re: BGP Experiment

It does, Ytti. And not just in testing. In feature development too. Often in design discussions, someone pipes up: "someone does bla bla, Let's not break it". One I remember from years ago was setting two route reflectors as clients of each other and thinking route reflection wasn't designed for

Re: Reaching out to ARIN members about their RPKI INVALID prefixes

Owen, You are correct in that RPKI leaves many problems unsolved. One that it does solve is prefix splitting. If I issue a ROA for prefix 10.1.2.0/23, any announcement of 10.1.2.0/24 (including mine) will be declared INVALID, because that announcement is covered by the ROA and the mask length

RE: Confirming source-routed multicast is dead on the public Internet

You could put this multicast receiver into the last hop before the customer and then send unicast to the customer. Regards, Jakob. -Original Message- From: Saku Ytti Sent: Thursday, August 2, 2018 2:45 PM To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: Confirming source

RE: Confirming source-routed multicast is dead on the public Internet

- From: Saku Ytti Sent: Thursday, August 2, 2018 2:42 PM To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) Cc: nanog@nanog.org Subject: Re: Confirming source-routed multicast is dead on the public Internet Hey, On Fri, 3 Aug 2018 at 00:36, Jakob Heitz (jheitz) via NANOG wrote: > Hey, there's a better way. >

Re: Confirming source-routed multicast is dead on the public Internet

Hey, there's a better way. Split the movie into segments: Segment 1: Minute 1. Segment 2: Minute 2. Segment 3: Minutes 3,4. Segment 4: Minutes 5-8. Segment 5: Minutes 9-16. etc. Then send each segment in a loop. Each receiver receives every loop simultaneously. Each segment may start receiving

RE: Segment Routing

Nexus supports LDP. https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/sw/5_x/nx-os/mpls/configuration/guide/mpls_cg/mp_ldp_overview.html Regards, Jakob

RE: is odd number of links in lag group ok

Many routers do not rehash everything when a link breaks. Doing so would disturb flows that were not broken, causing possible misordered packets or jitter. The flows on the broken link will get rehashed, of course. Note that even if a hash function can distribute the flows evenly, you may get

RE: Route Reflector Client Design Question

You could optimize the packet hop count by making smaller but more rings. For example, make one ring with CORE1, CORE2, PE1, PE2, PE3. And another ring with CORE1, CORE2, PE4, PE5. If you configure "route-reflector-client" on the CORE, and mesh the clients, then you can additionally configure

Re: AS-Path - ORF Draft

Even though the limit is applied before policy, the dropped prefixes don't count towards the limit. You can have a limit of 100 and receive 1000. If you drop 901 post policy, it will not kill the session, even when the limit is applied before policy. Thanks, Jakob. > Date: Sun, 22 Oct 2017

RE: AS-Path - ORF Draft

IOS-XR does not have a pre-policy prefix limit. When the limit is reached, the session will not automatically re-establish. It needs to be manually cleared first. It has the extra options: warning-only- does not drop the session. discard-extra-paths - additionally, drops prefixes after

RE: AS PATH limits

The consequence of keeping a route with a long AS_PATH is that it uses a little more memory. Also, if you send it on, you will add one ASN and may exceed the maximum BGP message size and not be able to send it. Even that is no reason to drop the incoming route. The consequence of dropping the

Re: Long AS Path

The reason that a private ASN in the public routing table is an error is that the AS Path is used to prevent loops. You may have private AS 65000 in your organization and I may have another private AS 65000 in my organization. If my ASN 65000 is in the AS path of a route sent to you, then your

Re: Long AS Path

23456 is AS_TRANS. Either your router does not support 4 byte AS or there is a bug at AS 12956 or AS 12956 is intentionally prepending 23456. Thanks, Jakob. > > Date: Tue, 20 Jun 2017 23:12:45 + > From: James Braunegg > To: "nanog@nanog.org"

RE: WEBINAR TUESDAY: Can We Make IPv4 Great Again?

1.1.1.1.e.f and 2.2.2.2.e.f both get translated to 192.168.e.f. Some higher layer protocols embed IP addresses into their data. These points make changing IP so difficult. In addition, IPv6 has link local addresses. This one seemingly insignificant detail causes so much code churn and is

RE: Soliciting your opinions on Internet routing: A survey on BGP convergence

. Another alternative is to use BGP add-path (rfc7911) to distribute backup routes. This will avoid the MRAI problem, but requires more memory on routers. This also works for accidental shutdown. Thanks, Jakob. > -Original Message- > From: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) > Sent: Tuesday, J

RE: Soliciting your opinions on Internet routing: A survey on BGP convergence

Hi Baldur, Have you tried graceful shutdown? You need redundant links, but not to the same transit. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-grow-bgp-gshut-06 This draft is expired, but it is actually implemented by several vendors. I implemented this.

Re: RPKI implementation

That is also configurable. Thanks, Jakob. On Jun 16, 2016, at 4:39 AM, Randy Bush wrote: >> When a cache loses connectivity, the entries from that cache >> are purged after a time interval. Default is 60 seconds > > why not the poll interval for that cache server? > > randy

RPKI implementation

During the RPKI presentation there was a question about resilience of the router if the RPKI cache loses connectivity. The IOS-XR implementation allows multiple caches to be configured. When a cache loses connectivity, the entries from that cache are purged after a time interval. Default is 60

Re: RPKI and offline routes

ASN 0 is used for this purpose. Look for the word "zero" in https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6907 Thanks, Jakob. > Date: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 17:53:45 -0500 (Central Sommerzeit) > From: Matthias Waehlisch > To: Theodore Baschak > Cc: NANOG Operators'

RE: Superfluous advertisement (was: Friday's Random Comment)

case, or something else? Thanks, Jakob. > -Original Message- > From: Russ White [mailto:7ri...@gmail.com] > Sent: Saturday, April 30, 2016 12:35 PM > To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) <jhe...@cisco.com>; nanog@nanog.org > Subject: RE: Superfluous advertisement (was: Fr

Superfluous advertisement (was: Friday's Random Comment)

A use case for a longer prefix with the same nexthop: F / \ D E | | B C \ / A Suppose A is a customer of B and C. B has a large address space: 10.1.0.0/16. B allocates a subset to A: 10.1.1.0/24. B advertises the longer prefix to its backup provider C. C propagates it to E and

Re: Internet Exchanges supporting jumbo frames?

What's driving the desire for larger packets? A single bit error will drop a whole packet. Larger packets will cause more loss. Cables will need to be shorter or bitrates lower to compensate. Byte overhead of packet headers? Are we seeing degradation of packets per second in forwarding due to

Re: Internet Exchanges supporting jumbo frames?

t transfers. > > Tim McKee > > -Original Message- > From: NANOG [mailto:nanog-boun...@nanog.org] On Behalf Of Jakob Heitz (jheitz) > Sent: Friday, March 18, 2016 18:21 > To: Dale W. Carder > Cc: nanog@nanog.org > Subject: RE: Internet Exchanges supporting j

RE: Internet Exchanges supporting jumbo frames?

Then it's mainly TCP slowstart that you're trying to improve? Thanks, Jakob. > -Original Message- > From: Dale W. Carder [mailto:dwcar...@wisc.edu] > Sent: Friday, March 18, 2016 3:03 PM > To: Jakob Heitz (jheitz) <jhe...@cisco.com> > Cc: nanog@nanog.org > Subject

RE: Environmental Graph Interpretation

If the temperature of the floor is below the dew point, then it will sweat. Maybe there's a cold wind blowing underneath the gap? --Jakob > -Original Message- > Date: Tue, 10 Nov 2015 17:25:04 -0600 > From: "Lorell Hathcock" > > It is on the ground floor, but it

RE: BGP advertise-best-external on RR

If your network is such that only a handful of routers supply redundant paths, then you can set up iBGP sessions with those directly without going via route reflectors. You can have most routes going through reflectors and a few through direct BGP sessions. Not everything needs to go through