In Canada, there is an emerging wholesale ISP model where the regulator
(CRTC) forces incumbents to make their last mile available for
competitive retail services. This regulatory regime does not YET
include FTTH last mile.
To this end, I have some questions about FTTH deployments. Any answer to
The BBC has an article about a similar issue on a Tor exit node in Austria:
Austrian police raid privacy network over child porn
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-20554788
##
Austrian police have seized servers that were part of a global anonymous
browsing system, after images showing child
On 12-12-03 14:44, Jordan Michaels wrote:
case evolves in and out of court. Are Tor exit-node operators going to
be given the same rights as ISP's who's networks are used for illegal
purposes?
Perhaps if Tor exit node were called Tor exit Router,
politicians/policemen would have a better
In countries where the law does not dictate that all carriers maintain
extensive logs, this is fairly simple. Whether you are a Tor node or a
normal ISP, you do nothig until you get a court ordered warrant, at
which point you collect information passing through your network and
hand it over to
Does it matter if an anomysing service advertises itself as allowing
free speech to users in countries where free speech is censored,
compared to a service that advertises itself as catering to the mafias
of the world, ensuring their crimes are untraceable ?
In the later case, it makes it very
Question:
If a TCP connection is left hanging and continues to hoard the port for
some time before it times out, shouldn't the work to be focused on
finding out why the connection is not properly closed instead of trying
to support a greater number of hung connections waiting to time out ?
On 12-12-14 12:13, Joe Abley wrote:
In summary, theory (and practice) tells us that:
1. You should update your hints file from time to time, and
2. If you don't, chances are overwhelmingly good that it will make no
difference, and everything will work as normal.
But this is important to
On 12-12-14 15:13, Jason Castonguay wrote:
I've given 3 weeks + 6 months (at least) notice on a service change that
will not be noticed by most anyone.
Upon hearing your announcement, I went and dig myself a new root.hints
file from one of the root servers. the D root is still pointing to
On 12-12-15 17:32, Mark Andrews wrote:
3 weeks is not a lot of time to inform every recursive service
operator in the world that there is a change coming. Remember
nameservers will start logging warning messages as of January 3rd.
Nameservers will NOT log messages starting Jan 3rd. The old
On 12-12-15 19:45, Nick Hilliard wrote:
widespread notice of what's happening and generally not poking around with
really important bits of the Internet at times which are well known for
having configuration freezes and/or when many people are going to be on
holidays.
You have 6.75 months to
On 12-12-16 07:07, Nick Hilliard wrote:
No-one's dictating: I'm just asking them politely to take some suggestions
into consideration - suggestions which no-one has so far pointed out as
being unreasonable, and which I would tend to view as being procedurally
sensible and good things to do.
On 12-12-17 21:45, Jimmy Hess wrote:
Yeah... degaussing rings consume a lot of energy you shouldn't need
to consume.
Now now, you clearly have not watched enough scient fiction/action
movies... Clearly, you have a mechanism which triggers the degaussing
(or neutron bomb in the basement the
In the old days of DOCSIS, I was able, during failures of DHCP (for
various reasons) to self assign a nearby IP address in the same subnet
and this worked fine as long as that IP wasn't being used by someone
else at the time.
While this was done to cope with some failures or bad policy at the
On 13-01-11 19:59, Karl Brumund wrote:
JF,
Long ago been fixed. Look at Cisco CMTS config documentation, particularly
cable-source-verify.
Many thanks. In particular, you need cable-source-verify dhcp to
prevent self assigned IPs that are unused by neighbours.
Is this something that is now
Consider the possibility that some end users (or even corp networks) may
have hardcoded your hosts' translation into their hosts files or perhaps
corporate proxy firewalls that allow access onto to whitelisted web sites.
They will continue to point to the old IP addresses until you shutdown
the
Should NAT become prevalent and prevent innovation because of its
limitations, this means that innovation will happen only with IPv6 which
means the next must have viral applications will require IPv6 and this
may spur the move away from an IPv4 that has been crippled by NAT
everywhere.
On 13-01-18 17:00, William Herrin wrote:
Odds of a killer app where one router can't be replaced with a
specialty relay while maintaining the intended function: not bloody
likely.
Back in the late 1980s, large computer manufacturers such as Digital,
HP, IBM were pressured to adopt the future
On 13-01-21 01:19, Matt Palmer wrote:
Things that require me to worry (more) about scalability are out, as are
things that annoy a larger percentage of my userbase than cookies (at least
with cookies, I can say you're not accepting cookies, please turn them on,
whereas with randomly
This article may be of interest:
http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/01/canadian-student-expelled-for-playing-security-white-hat/
Basically, a Montreal student, developping mobile software to interface
with schools system found a bug. Reported it. And when he tested to see
if the bug had been
Question abbout CGN:
Generally speaking for CGN setups, how many end users are NATed to a
single public IP address ?
In terms of traceability, there is a huge difference between loading
200k end users onto 1 public IP and putting say 5 end users per public IP.
In the later case, it becomes
On 13-01-24 13:52, George Herbert wrote:
It's true that relying on the laziness of attackers is statistically
useful, but as soon as one becomes an interesting enough target that
the professionals aim, then professional grade tools (which walz
through captchas more effectively than normal
On 13-01-29 10:59, Jay Ashworth wrote:
Regular readers know that I'm really big on municipally owned fiber networks
(at layer 1 or 2)... but I'm also a big constitutionalist (on the first,
second, fourth, and fifth, particularly), and this is the first really good
counter-argument I've seen,
On 13-01-29 15:17, Jay Ashworth wrote:
If you're at layer 1, and arguably at layer 2, then move-add-change on
physical patches / VLAN assignments is all you would need to log, since you
don't actually touch real traffic.
It is in fact important for a government (municipal, state/privince or
On 13-01-29 19:39, Jay Ashworth wrote:
It rings true to me, in general, and I would go that way... but there is
a sting in that tail: Can I reasonably expect that Road Runner will in fact
be technically equipped and inclined to meet me to get my residents as
subscribers? Especially if
On 13-01-29 22:03, Leo Bicknell wrote:
The _muni_ should not run any equipment colo of any kind. The muni
MMR should be fiber only, and not even require so much as a generator
to work. It should not need to be staffed 24x7, have anything that
requires PM, etc.
This is not possible in a
On 13-01-30 15:49, Owen DeLong wrote:
1.They are not allowed to sell L3+ services.
2.They are not allowed to own any portion of any L3+ service provider.
3.They must sell their L1/L2 services to any L3+ service provider on
equal terms.
This is the problem we have in
Saw this on the BBC web site thought about this discussion:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-21260007
Ticketmaster dumps 'hated' Captcha verification system
The world's largest online ticket retailer is to stop requiring users to
enter hard-to-read words in order to prove they are human.
On 13-01-31 17:04, Scott Helms wrote:
switch you can VLAN. One fiber goes to the splitter on the provider side
and then from there it splits into 8/16/32/64 connections that go to
customers. You can't exchange one of the customer side ports to make
another provider interface.
Actually
On 13-02-01 16:03, Jason Baugher wrote:
The reason to push splitters towards the customer end is financial, not
technical.
It also has to do with existing fibre infrastructure. If a Telco has
already adopted a fibre to a node philosophy, then it has a;ready
installed a limited number of
On 13-02-01 22:52, Owen DeLong wrote:
Since the discussion here is about muni fiber capabilities and ideal
greenfield
plant designs, existing fiber is irrelevant to the discussion at hand.
Not so irrelevant. If the municipality wishes to attract as many
competitive ISPs as possible, it
On 13-02-02 10:36, Jay Ashworth wrote:
Yes, but everyone on a splitter must be backhauled to the same L1 provider,
and putting splitters *in the outside plant* precludes any other type
of L1 service, *ever*. So that's a non-starter.
If you have 4 ISPs, why not put 4 splitters in the
On 13-02-02 21:29, Scott Helms wrote:
Yeah, that's what I figured. There are lots of older PON deployments that
used the modulated RF approach.
From what I have read, Verizon's FIOS does that. RFoG cable TV for
certain frequencies, normal ethernet data for other frequencies, and
dedicated
On 13-02-02 23:17, Jay Ashworth wrote:
Home run from each prem to an MDF. City employes do all M-A-C patch cable
moves on the MDF, to horizontals into the colo, where the provider's gear
aggregates it from L1 to whatever.
No aerial plant at all, no multple provider runs to the prems.
Not
With regards to the layer 1 vs layer 2 arguments:
At the regulatory level, it isn't about what layer is provided, it is
more a question to ensure that a neutral provider of last mile only
sells whoelsale and provides no retail services that compete against
other retailers who buy access to that
When comparing costs of building (per home passed/connected), it is also
important to see if those quoted costs include the regulatory costs of
dealing with cities.
If a municipal project won't suffer costs of negotiating for
diggging/building permits, already has the land to build the CO, and
On 13-02-04 14:57, Fletcher Kittredge wrote:
of the reason you have had difficulty ordering them. The proper term is
Unbundled Network Elements(UNE) copper loops.
The Bell Canada tariff on ADSL acess (5410) uses the following
terminology: (GAS = wholesale DSL service operated by incumbent
On 13-02-04 15:46, Scott Helms wrote:
I certainly agree that fiber plant is in general easier than copper plant
to maintain. My main concern is that in this case Jay is considering
allowing not only different vendors but different technologies on the same
fiber plant.
If you are strictly
On 13-02-04 16:04, Scott Helms wrote:
Subscribers don't care if the hand off is at layer 1 or layer 2 so this is
moot as well.
This is where one has to be carefull. The wholesale scenario in Canada
leaves indepdendant ISPs having to explain to their customers that they
can't fix certain
On 13-02-04 19:48, Scott Helms wrote:
same trench IF you have buried cable and there is room. If you have aerial
plant (common in rural telco deployments, less common in muni networks) you
can also string your fiber on the same poles that you either own or have
attachment rights to but the
On 13-02-06 10:16, Eric Wieling wrote:
Can anyone out there in NANOGland confirm how ILECs currently backhaul their
DSL customers from the DSLAM to the ILECs IP network?
In Bell Canada Territory, wholesale traffic between DSLAM and BAS/BRAS
travels normally.
The BAS establishes the PPPoE
On 13-02-06 16:53, Scott Helms wrote:
You realize that most commonly the L2TP LAC and LNS are just routers right?
You're not getting rid of boxes, you're just getting rid of the only open
access technology that's had significant success in the US or Europe.
Actually, there is a cost. In
On 13-02-06 17:12, Scott Helms wrote:
Correct, there are few things that cost nothing, but the point is here that
PPPoE has been successful for open access to a far greater degree than any
other technology I'm aware of
By default, Telus in western Canada has deployed ethernet based DSL for
On 13-02-06 18:11, Scott Helms wrote:
I'd agree. Its a better way of doing L2 unbundling than PPPoE. Its just
PPPoE had the sharing concept baked into it so it was easy for most
operators to use historically.
PPPoE has its roots in the dialup days. So Incumbents were more than
happy to be
On 13-02-08 03:36, Masataka Ohta wrote:
The problem of PON is that, to efficiently share a fiber and
a splitter, they must be shared by many subscribers, which
means drop cables are longer than those of SS.
Pardon my ignorance here, but could you explain why the cables would be
physically
On 13-02-09 14:02, Jay Ashworth wrote:
Do any of the people who've worked with some of the IPTV delivery services
mentioned here know if their live TV services can be handled via Multicast?
I know that Bell Canada uses the Microsoft MediaRoom IPTV servers and
they support multicast. The
On 13-02-09 14:02, Jay Ashworth wrote:
Do any of the people who've worked with some of the IPTV delivery services
mentioned here know if their live TV services can be handled via Multicast?
Note that in Canada, because incumbents refuse access to their multicast
enabled infrastructure, some of
What are you thoughts about whether FTTH GPON systems have a demarc or
not ?
Would it be the ONT ? (since beyond the ONT, the end user has no ability
to test the line).
or should FTTH be viewed more like DOCSIS systems where there is no
official demarc ?
In Canada, the telcos charge a DMC
On 13-03-15 08:46, George, Wes wrote:
[WEG] The rule of thumb for most places I've worked has been that power
screwdrivers
are only acceptable for *removing* screws, at least where the electronic
contents of a
datacenter are concerned.
I can see the need for speed efficiency when
Does anyone know when Alcatel declared the Lucent Stinger product line
end of sales ?
The Alcatel web page confirms it is discontinued but no date shown.
https://support.alcatel-lucent.com/portal/productContent.do?productId=stingerentryId=1-01080
All of the PDFs I have seen (thank to my
On 13-05-14 13:06, Jay Ashworth wrote:
http://variety.com/2013/digital/news/netflix-puts-even-more-strain-on-the-internet-1200480561/
they suggest that Akamai and other ISP-side caching is either not
affecting these numbers and their pertinence to the backbone at all,
or not much.
On 13-05-14 20:55, Patrick W. Gilmore wrote:
Since when is peering not part of the Internet?
Yes, one car argue that an device with an IP address routable from the
internet is part of the internet.
But when traffic from a cahe server flows directly into an ISP's
intranet to end users, it
On 13-05-15 06:24, ja...@towardex.com wrote:
We're a small ISP and we reach lot of content via peering just fine. Lot of
these contents that you speak of (Netflix, Akamai, et al) have open peering
policies and are present in more exchange points than anybody else.
Not all ISPs are fortunate
On 13-05-15 09:02, Brett Frankenberger wrote:
So it's only on the Internet if it uses a provider's transit capacity?
I made the statement in a context of the internet is crumbling under
the Netflix load. There have been many media reports over the years of
the internet unable to cope with the
On 13-05-15 14:07, Owen DeLong wrote:
If we, as network engineers can't agree on the nature and definition of the
internet,
how can we possibly expect the media to understand it?
When someone cuts a cable in the meditarenean, the media doesn't say
the internet has crawled to a snail's pace,
On 13-05-24 02:57, Owen DeLong wrote:
That was exactly my point, Bill... If you have operations in RIPE and ARIN
regions, it is entirely possible for you to obtain addresses from RIPE or
ARIN and use them in both locations, or, obtain addresses from both RIPE and
ARIN and use them in their
On 13-05-30 05:10, Joe wrote:
a question obsessed me for a long time. why my pppoe connection to
internet has a max session time, even if every thing goes ok?
In our DSL access network , max session timeout is set to 4 days, this
parameter is sent to BAS by radius server after
On 13-06-09 12:47, Eric Adler wrote:
TV that was made in the mid-to-late 1980s (Sony Watchman) and now they are
trying to 'solve' the mobile delivery 'problem'.
Qualcomm is working on adding broadcast capabilities to LTE (this was
from recent at a conference (Telecom Summit in Toronto), so I
What are the typical speeds used on fibre links between COs in North
American and elsewhere ?
I realise that there are special cases, such as Shaw using WDM to reach
400gigabits/sec in a link in Western Canada. But what are the most
common speeds ?
Is WDM in common use to multiplex multiple
On 13-07-12 11:44, Alain Hebert wrote:
After a somewhat pleasant call to the monopole informing them that
they are planning to divorce them in 30 days, and that it was clearly
stated that since they are paying for those additional 30 days that
their services wont be cut off...
1- You call to
With regards to the 10$ snake oil security product versus the real one
at $100: since the NSA can break both, they are both worth worth $0 in
terms of privacy.
From a business/corporate point of view, there are two aspects:
1- Image: If your weak security has allowed a data breach to become
On 13-09-09 15:16, Joe Abley wrote:
Not only physics, but geometry. Vancouver is further north than Seattle, but
Toronto is further south than Portland.
It is about sovereignty and the ability of one nation to decide for itself.
In the past, because people were blind to the NSA operations,
On 13-09-12 21:53, Larry Sheldon wrote:
I expect 100.000%
I'll accept 99.999% or better.
At these numbers, one has to start to count failover time. A system
can be disaster tolerant but take 2 hours to recover fully, or it could
also recover within a couple of seconds. It depends on
http://www.electronista.com/articles/13/09/20/upgrading.spike.doubled.some.isp.traffic.12.percent.worldwide.internet.usage.jump/
##
Upgrading spike doubled some ISP traffic; 12 percent worldwide Internet
usage jump
...
Analytics company Mixpanel estimates that more than 130 million users
had
On 13-09-25 20:43, Warren Bailey wrote:
We make Ku-band backpacks for this type of scenario. I would give it 12-18
hours before you see CNN light up with live feeds..
Why would an entertainment network cover real news ?
BBC or AlJazeera are better news sources for stuff that happens more
than
I need a reality check...
For telcos, going from barely twisted copper pair to FTTH presents huge
incremental improvement. FTTN is basically a stop gap medium term
solution that is more pleasing to some beancounters.
However, for a cable company, is there an advantage to deploy FTTH/GPON
to
For cable companies who have the data service as part of the RFoG
wavelengths to provide coax at the CPE, how do they handle
collisions/timing on the upstream side ?
Does the ONT provide TDMA slots for the upstream wavelength to ensure
only one customer transmits RF at a time on the upstream ? Or
Quick question:
I am thinking in a possible wholesale FTTH environment operated by a
telco where the end user is connected to ISP-X via PPPoE.
ONTs have built-in ATAs that can provide POTS service to a house and do
SIP/VoIP over the fibre with QoS system to ensure VoIP traffic gets through.
In
On 14-02-06 00:07, Frank Bulk wrote:
In our vendor's implementation, the main access shelf hands out IPs to the
ATAs integrated in the ONTs over a separate VLAN. No PPPoE required.
Thanks. This would imply that in a wholesale environment, use of the
integrated ATA would have to be charged
On 14-02-06 08:06, Mark Tinka wrote:
I'm just saying DHCP is better than PPPoE if you're
greenfielding FTTH deployments today, and I'm not sure you
entirely disagree.
When an incumbent already has PPPoE deployed for its DSL, putting FTTH
on PPPoE makes it simpler.
And PPPoE really
On 14-04-25 00:57, Larry Sheldon wrote:
In a private message I asked if he could name a single monopoly that
existed without regulation to protect its monopoly power.
Egg of Chicken question. Did regulation arise because of marker failure
(monopoly, duopoly), did did regulation create
On 14-04-27 02:23, Rick Astley wrote:
Sort of yes, it's Comcasts problem to upgrade subscriber lines but if that
point of congestion is the links between Netflix and Comcast then Netflix
would be on the hook to ensure they have enough capacity to Comcast to get
the data at least gets TO the
On 14-04-27 02:58, Hugo Slabbert wrote:
Which I don't believe was a problem? Again, outside looking in, but the
appearances seemed to indicate that Comcast was refusing to upgrade
capacity/ports, whereas I didn't see anything indicating that Netflix was
doing the same. So:
Funny how
On 14-04-28 09:23, Suresh Ramasubramanian wrote:
Comcast sells wholesale transit -
http://www.comcast.com/dedicatedinternet/?SCRedirect=true
And it has a settlement free peering policy - with a stated
requirement that traffic exchanged be symmetrical.
Analysing the effects of vertical
On 14-04-29 13:48, Jay Ashworth wrote:
So, how do you explain, and justify -- if you do -- cablecos who use
IPTV to deliver their mainline video, and supply VoIP telephone...
In Canada, our net neutrality rules are called the ITMP, for Internet
Traffic Management Practices which occured as a
On 14-05-01 14:34, Owen DeLong wrote:
Believe me, I cringe every time I hear “our auditors require NAT as a
security mechanism”
Pardon my ignorance here. But in a carrier-grade NAT implementation that
serves say 5000 users, when happens when someone from the outside tries
to connect to port
I need a sanity check.
An incumbent in Canada has revealed that its voice service on FTTP
deployments is based on H.248 MEGACO (Media Gateway Controller).
Are there any examples of CLEC access to such FTTP deployments ?
(for instance, an area where the copper was removed, leaving only fibre
to
Based on asnwers so far:
To put things in perspective
The current regulations offer unbundled COPPER loops, as well as an
aggregated wholesale last mile access for DSL/VDSL (wholesale also
mandated for cable for data but not voice)
This may change with the CRTC 2013-551 consultation which
On 14-05-07 18:19, Landon wrote:
Before I go chasing this down does Telus traffic shape their DSL or Fibre
subscribers? Customer using 50Mbps fiber gets excellent speeds on
speedtest.net but looks like http and ssh (scp) transfers are capped at
1MBps (not 1Mbps) for non-popular hosts but
In these situations, I find it helps to mentally implement structural
separation.
So you have level3-Transit and Level3-CDN as separate companies.
Netflix pays Level3-CDN to make content available locally in many cities.
It is up to the ISP to find the most efficient way to connect to the
On 14-05-13 22:50, Daniel Staal wrote:
They have the money. They have the ability to get more money. *They see
no reason to spend money making customers happy.* They can make more
profit without it.
There is the issue of control over the market. But also the pressure
from shareholders
It had been my impression that ONTs, like most other consumer modems,
came with built-in router capabilities (along with ATA for voice).
The assertion that ONTs have built-in routing capabilities has been
challenged.
Can anyone confirm whether ONTs generally have routing (aka: home router
that
On 14-05-15 10:26, Owen DeLong wrote:
Choosing between Comcast and a legacy Telco is like choosing between
legionnaire’s disease and SARS.
Twisted pair is certantly legacy.
Is there a feeling that coax cable/DOSCIS is also legacy in terms of
current capacity/speeds ? Or is that technology
Many thanks for the answers so far.
On 14-05-15 13:35, Clayton Zekelman wrote:
The assertion that ONTs have built-in routing capabilities has been
challenged.
By who?
A rather large company in Canada whose name contains the last name of
the inventor of the Telephone :-) (actually from their
On 14-05-15 16:17, Keenan Tims wrote:
As primarily an eyeball network with a token (8000 quoted) number of transit
customers it does not seem reasonable for them to expect balanced ratios on
peering links.
Pardon my ignorance here, but isn't there a massive difference between
Currently in the midst of a CRTC policy hearing in Canada on future of
competition in ISPs.
Incumbents claim they have no plans to retire their copper plant after
deploying FTTP/FTTH. (strategically to convince regulator that keeping
ISPs on copper is fine and no need to let them access FTTP).
On 14-11-29 11:07, Sander Steffann wrote:
I am so glad that our Dutch net neutrality laws state that providers of
Internet access services may not hinder or delay any services or applications
on the Internet (unless [...], but those exceptions make sense)
However, in the case of SMTP, due
On 14-12-02 21:16, Owen DeLong wrote:
Depends on your desired outcome and goals. However…
Context: Canadian incumbents deny to the regulator that they have
intentions to turn off copper. (but to shareholders, openly say they
will shut it donw, howveer, they plan only to shutdown active equipment
From the wired side, since the AP's bandwitdh is separate from the
paying customer's, the later really has no complaint to make. Taken to
the extreme, yeah, all those APs may end up adding to the load on the
coax segment and creating congestion. But somehow I doubt this is a huge
issue.
One the
Mr Livingood:
Out of curiosity, had Comcast decided to use an opt-in instead of
opt-out method, did your marketing dept have any idea of percentage of
customer base who would have opted in ?
Secondly, at a more technical level:
In a MDU with a whole bunch of Comcast subscribers, could one
On 14-12-11 16:37, Tim Upthegrove wrote:
At the
time, I kept wondering what the real incentive was for Comcast to send me
anything for free.
It pays to move customer with old DOCSIS-2 modems to DOCSIS 3 ones as
they will even out usage on multiple channels instead of congesting the
one channel
On 14-12-11 17:44, Mark Andrews wrote:
What space? It is the WiFi modem you are already using. Unless
it requires a seperate external aerial I don't see any extra space.
Matter of principle. Comcast are using space/power/shelter in your home
to create a service which they market for their
Thanks to everyone who provided some valuable info in my query. based
on a number of responses and some documents my buddy mr Google found for
me, the cost for the drop to home including CPE ranges between $650 to
$800. But most of those have full bundle deployments that include TV
service.
On 14-12-14 11:21, Jay Ashworth wrote:
I didn't realize that was what you were looking for; that's about the
numbers I got 2 years ago for a 12,000 passing 100% deployment over a
3 sq mi city. There was a lot of good information in those threads if
you're contemplating doing this from
In Bell Canada territory, on the copper, Bell uses 2 VLANs , 35 for
data, and I think 36 for IPTV service.
Multicast is of course enabled on VLAN 36 and on the IPTV aggregation
network back up to the video servers which is separate from the data
services.
VLAN 35 is set to aggregate to the
On 14-12-22 04:13, Javier J wrote:
Not only are they skimming over new technologies such as BGP, MPLS and the
fundamentals of TCP/IP that run the internet and the networks of the world,
they were focusing on ATM , Frame Relay and other technologies that are on
their way out
My first
On 14-12-24 13:27, Ken Chase wrote:
(mtr|lft|traceroute) xmas.futile.net
This one uses only 1 IPv4, so can't be accused of wasting half of
internet address space :-)
http://http://www.vaxination.ca/temp/train.gif
This is an old 1980s ASCII art from VMS that ran on VT220s, digitally
restored
A friend on a rural DSl association asked about ADSL line extenders.
A search on Google yields many products dating back to the days of
ADSL-1 advertising 1mbps profiles, but a few seem more recent and
support ADSL2+ (not sure if any support VDSL2).
Are these thing out of date and no longer
I want to thnk those who answered in this thread. It has provided me
with some insight.
There is an upcoming review in Canada of the basic service objectives
with questions on how best to deply in rural areas. (My own opinion is
that in 2015, if you're going to deploy something, it might as well
I am looking for some rough estimates of the ratio of capacity
(equipment) pricing declines versus average increase in end user capacity.
For instance, say end user average capcity usage increases 50% over 3
years, would the ISP's costs also increase by 50% ? Or would increased
efficency of
On 15-05-27 19:20, Faisal Imtiaz wrote:
The above hypothesis why imply that the 20% linear increase is not fair, vs
directly making the case that the base rate, set in some point in the past is
not fair/appropriate anymore ?
These rates cover aggregation between an end user's CO and a
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