[ns] About energy model in ns 2.34
Hi, I want to know about how the overhearing power consumption can be accounted in the ns 2.34 energy-model? With Regards Mahesh
[ns] Cross-Layering script is not running.
Hello. Please consider the following script. I have written it for demonstrating cross-layering: # Define options set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel;# channel type set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy;# network interface type set val(mac)Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type set val(ifq)Queue/DropTail/PriQueue;# interface queue type set val(ll) LL ;# link layer type set val(ant)Antenna/OmniAntenna;# antenna model set val(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq set val(nn) 3 ;# number of mobilenodes set val(rp) AODV ;# routing protocol set val(x) 500 ;# X dimension of topography set val(y) 400 ;# Y dimension of topography set val(stop)150 ;# time of simulation end set ns [new Simulator] set tracefd [open cros_ex1_tr.tr w] set namtrace [open cros_ex1_nam.nam w] $ns trace-all $tracefd $ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y) # set up topography object set topo [new Topography] $topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y) create-god $val(nn) # # Create nn mobilenodes [$val(nn)] and attach them to the channel. # set chan_1_ [new $val(chan)] # configure the nodes $ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \ -llType $val(ll) \ -macType $val(mac) \ -channel $chan_1_ \ -ifqType $val(ifq) \ -ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \ -antType $val(ant) \ -propType $val(prop) \ -phyType $val(netif) \ -topoInstance $topo \ -agentTrace ON \ -routerTrace ON \ -macTrace OFF \ -movementTrace ON \ for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn) } { incr i } { set node_($i) [$ns node] } # Provide initial location of mobilenodes $node_(0) set X_ 5.0 $node_(0) set Y_ 5.0 $node_(0) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(1) set X_ 490.0 $node_(1) set Y_ 285.0 $node_(1) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(2) set X_ 150.0 $node_(2) set Y_ 240.0 $node_(2) set Z_ 0.0 # Generation of movements $ns at 10.0 $node_(0) setdest 250.0 250.0 3.0 $ns at 15.0 $node_(1) setdest 45.0 285.0 5.0 $ns at 110.0 $node_(0) setdest 480.0 300.0 5.0 set udp_ [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp_ set null [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $node_(1) $null set exp_ [new Application/Traffic/Exponential] $exp_ set burst_time_ 0.01ms $exp_ set idle_time_ 0.04ms $exp_ set rate_ 1.5Mbps $exp_ attach-agent $udp_ $exp_ attach-agent $udp_ $ns connect $udp_ $null set ll_src_ [$node_(0) getLL 0] $udp_ target $ll_src_ set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $udp_ $ns at 10.0 $ftp start # Define node initial position in nam for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn)} { incr i } { # 30 defines the node size for nam $ns initial_node_pos $node_($i) 30 } # Telling nodes when the simulation ends for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn) } { incr i } { $ns at $val(stop) $node_($i) reset; } # ending nam and the simulation $ns at $val(stop) $ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop) $ns at $val(stop) stop $ns at 150.01 puts \end simulation\ ; $ns halt proc stop {} { global ns tracefd namtrace $ns flush-trace close $tracefd close $namtrace } $ns run But this is the output: num_nodes is set 3 INITIALIZE THE LIST xListHead (_o14 cmd line 1) invoked from within _o14 cmd getLL 0 invoked from within catch $self cmd $args ret invoked from within if [catch $self cmd $args ret] { set cls [$self info class] global errorInfo set savedInfo $errorInfo error error when calling class $cls: $args $... (procedure _o14 line 2) (SplitObject unknown line 2) invoked from within $node_(0) getLL 0 invoked from within set ll_src_ [$node_(0) getLL 0] (file cros_ex1.tcl line 96) I have read5th chapter of Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, that explains the Connector class [http://books.google.com/books?id=cD69He_oU60Cpg=PP1dq=Introduction+to+Network+Simulator+NS2#v=onepageq=f=false ] and also got help from Urlan [http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/ns-users/2009-October/066621.html] Please someone point out the mistake(s) or provide me with example script of your own. Thanks in advance.
[ns] Regarding patch file
hai i am beginner to use ns2 ,i am doing my project in rsa security, i dont know how to convert my c language into otcl language, then dont know the body format of create patch file regarding RSA, please help me, its urgend Thank you, M.Viji (om_vijise...@yahoo.co.in) Keep up with people you care about with Yahoo! India Mail. Learn how. http://in.overview.mail.yahoo.com/connectmore
Re: [ns] Re : How to set priority for packet (thangnd)
Hi, Evalvid works with priority for each packet. http://hpds.ee.ncku.edu.tw/~smallko/ns2/Evalvid_in_NS2.htm Urlan 2009/10/25 aoufi souhila aoufi_souh...@yahoo.fr Hi to set priority for packet, you need just to modify the field prio_ of the ip packet header, like this: iph = hdr_ip::access(pkt); //ip packet header iph-prio_ = codePt; // codePt: the code of priority hope that answer for your question Message: 6 Date: Sat, 24 Oct 2009 22:40:44 +0700 From: thangnd than...@joomservices.com Subject: [ns] How to set priority for packet To: ns-users@ISI.EDU Message-ID: 4ae31ffc.3010...@joomservices.com Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed Hi all, I have a question, how to set priority for packet in NS-2 using in WSN. Thanks for help.
Re: [ns] Cross-Layering script is not running.
Hello Mutiullah Qureshi, You need to create getLL procedure. Node/MobileNode instproc getLL { param0} { $self instvar ll_ return $ll_($param0) } Call this procedure with the command: set ll_src_ [$node_(0) getLL 0] Urlan 2009/10/26 Mutiullah Qureshi mutiulla...@yahoo.com Hello. Please consider the following script. I have written it for demonstrating cross-layering: # Define options set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel;# channel type set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy;# network interface type set val(mac)Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type set val(ifq)Queue/DropTail/PriQueue;# interface queue type set val(ll) LL ;# link layer type set val(ant)Antenna/OmniAntenna;# antenna model set val(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq set val(nn) 3 ;# number of mobilenodes set val(rp) AODV ;# routing protocol set val(x) 500 ;# X dimension of topography set val(y) 400 ;# Y dimension of topography set val(stop)150 ;# time of simulation end set ns [new Simulator] set tracefd [open cros_ex1_tr.tr w] set namtrace [open cros_ex1_nam.nam w] $ns trace-all $tracefd $ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y) # set up topography object set topo [new Topography] $topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y) create-god $val(nn) # # Create nn mobilenodes [$val(nn)] and attach them to the channel. # set chan_1_ [new $val(chan)] # configure the nodes $ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \ -llType $val(ll) \ -macType $val(mac) \ -channel $chan_1_ \ -ifqType $val(ifq) \ -ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \ -antType $val(ant) \ -propType $val(prop) \ -phyType $val(netif) \ -topoInstance $topo \ -agentTrace ON \ -routerTrace ON \ -macTrace OFF \ -movementTrace ON \ for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn) } { incr i } { set node_($i) [$ns node] } # Provide initial location of mobilenodes $node_(0) set X_ 5.0 $node_(0) set Y_ 5.0 $node_(0) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(1) set X_ 490.0 $node_(1) set Y_ 285.0 $node_(1) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(2) set X_ 150.0 $node_(2) set Y_ 240.0 $node_(2) set Z_ 0.0 # Generation of movements $ns at 10.0 $node_(0) setdest 250.0 250.0 3.0 $ns at 15.0 $node_(1) setdest 45.0 285.0 5.0 $ns at 110.0 $node_(0) setdest 480.0 300.0 5.0 set udp_ [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp_ set null [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $node_(1) $null set exp_ [new Application/Traffic/Exponential] $exp_ set burst_time_ 0.01ms $exp_ set idle_time_ 0.04ms $exp_ set rate_ 1.5Mbps $exp_ attach-agent $udp_ $exp_ attach-agent $udp_ $ns connect $udp_ $null set ll_src_ [$node_(0) getLL 0] $udp_ target $ll_src_ set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $udp_ $ns at 10.0 $ftp start # Define node initial position in nam for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn)} { incr i } { # 30 defines the node size for nam $ns initial_node_pos $node_($i) 30 } # Telling nodes when the simulation ends for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn) } { incr i } { $ns at $val(stop) $node_($i) reset; } # ending nam and the simulation $ns at $val(stop) $ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop) $ns at $val(stop) stop $ns at 150.01 puts \end simulation\ ; $ns halt proc stop {} { global ns tracefd namtrace $ns flush-trace close $tracefd close $namtrace } $ns run But this is the output: num_nodes is set 3 INITIALIZE THE LIST xListHead (_o14 cmd line 1) invoked from within _o14 cmd getLL 0 invoked from within catch $self cmd $args ret invoked from within if [catch $self cmd $args ret] { set cls [$self info class] global errorInfo set savedInfo $errorInfo error error when calling class $cls: $args $... (procedure _o14 line 2) (SplitObject unknown line 2) invoked from within $node_(0) getLL 0 invoked from within set ll_src_ [$node_(0) getLL 0] (file cros_ex1.tcl line 96) I have read5th chapter of Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, that explains the Connector class [ http://books.google.com/books?id=cD69He_oU60Cpg=PP1dq=Introduction+to+Network+Simulator+NS2#v=onepageq=f=false] and also got help from Urlan [ http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/ns-users/2009-October/066621.html] Please someone point out the mistake(s) or provide me with example script of your own. Thanks in advance.
[ns] mac-simple in ns2!
Dear all ns2-user, I have difficulty in understanding algorithm of mac-simple in ns2. I need algorithm of mac-simple to finish sth in my thesis as soon as posible. Those who know please tell me about it. Thanks in advance. == Thien Long
Re: [ns] How to set priority for packet
u need to use EDCA MAC in that case. u can try the EDCA patch. --- On Sat, 10/24/09, thangnd than...@joomservices.com wrote: From: thangnd than...@joomservices.com Subject: [ns] How to set priority for packet To: ns-users@ISI.EDU Date: Saturday, October 24, 2009, 8:40 AM Hi all, I have a question, how to set priority for packet in NS-2 using in WSN. Thanks for help.
Re: [ns] Cross-Layering script is not running.
Thanks Urlan.. This time I created the said routine and get this: num_nodes is set 3 INITIALIZE THE LIST xListHead Error: sendmsg() for UDP should not be -1 SORTING LISTS ...DONE! end simulation From: Urlan Salgado de Barros ur...@comp.ufla.br To: Mutiullah Qureshi mutiulla...@yahoo.com Cc: NS-USERS Mailing List ns-users@isi.edu Sent: Mon, October 26, 2009 8:52:20 PM Subject: Re: [ns] Cross-Layering script is not running. Hello Mutiullah Qureshi, You need to create getLL procedure. Node/MobileNode instproc getLL { param0} { $self instvar ll_ return $ll_($param0) } Call this procedure with the command: set ll_src_ [$node_(0) getLL 0] Urlan 2009/10/26 Mutiullah Qureshi mutiulla...@yahoo.com Hello. Please consider the following script. I have written it for demonstrating cross-layering: # Define options set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel;# channel type set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy;# network interface type set val(mac)Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type set val(ifq)Queue/DropTail/PriQueue;# interface queue type set val(ll) LL ;# link layer type set val(ant)Antenna/OmniAntenna;# antenna model set val(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq set val(nn) 3 ;# number of mobilenodes set val(rp) AODV ;# routing protocol set val(x) 500 ;# X dimension of topography set val(y) 400 ;# Y dimension of topography set val(stop)150 ;# time of simulation end set ns [new Simulator] set tracefd [open cros_ex1_tr.tr w] set namtrace [open cros_ex1_nam.nam w] $ns trace-all $tracefd $ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y) # set up topography object set topo [new Topography] $topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y) create-god $val(nn) # # Create nn mobilenodes [$val(nn)] and attach them to the channel. # set chan_1_ [new $val(chan)] # configure the nodes $ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \ -llType $val(ll) \ -macType $val(mac) \ -channel $chan_1_ \ -ifqType $val(ifq) \ -ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \ -antType $val(ant) \ -propType $val(prop) \ -phyType $val(netif) \ -topoInstance $topo \ -agentTrace ON \ -routerTrace ON \ -macTrace OFF \ -movementTrace ON \ for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn) } { incr i } { set node_($i) [$ns node] } # Provide initial location of mobilenodes $node_(0) set X_ 5.0 $node_(0) set Y_ 5.0 $node_(0) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(1) set X_ 490.0 $node_(1) set Y_ 285.0 $node_(1) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(2) set X_ 150.0 $node_(2) set Y_ 240.0 $node_(2) set Z_ 0.0 # Generation of movements $ns at 10.0 $node_(0) setdest 250.0 250.0 3.0 $ns at 15.0 $node_(1) setdest 45.0 285.0 5.0 $ns at 110.0 $node_(0) setdest 480.0 300.0 5.0 set udp_ [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp_ set null [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $node_(1) $null set exp_ [new Application/Traffic/Exponential] $exp_ set burst_time_ 0.01ms $exp_ set idle_time_ 0.04ms $exp_ set rate_ 1.5Mbps $exp_ attach-agent $udp_ $exp_ attach-agent $udp_ $ns connect $udp_ $null set ll_src_ [$node_(0) getLL 0] $udp_ target $ll_src_ set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $udp_ $ns at 10.0 $ftp start # Define node initial position in nam for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn)} { incr i } { # 30 defines the node size for nam $ns initial_node_pos $node_($i) 30 } # Telling nodes when the simulation ends for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn) } { incr i } { $ns at $val(stop) $node_($i) reset; } # ending nam and the simulation $ns at $val(stop) $ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop) $ns at $val(stop) stop $ns at 150.01 puts \end simulation\ ; $ns halt proc stop {} { global ns tracefd namtrace $ns flush-trace close $tracefd close $namtrace } $ns run But this is the output: num_nodes is set 3 INITIALIZE THE LIST xListHead (_o14 cmd line 1) invoked from within _o14 cmd getLL 0 invoked from within catch $self cmd $args ret invoked from within if [catch $self cmd $args ret] { set cls [$self info class] global errorInfo set savedInfo $errorInfo error error when calling class $cls: $args $... (procedure _o14 line 2) (SplitObject unknown line 2) invoked from within $node_(0) getLL 0 invoked from within set ll_src_ [$node_(0) getLL 0] (file cros_ex1.tcl line 96) I have read5th chapter of Introduction to Network Simulator NS2, that explains the Connector class [http://books.google.com/books?id=cD69He_oU60Cpg=PP1dq=Introduction+to+Network+Simulator+NS2#v=onepageq=f=false ]
[ns] undefined refernce error while adding a new patch
Hi, I installed NS and i add on it a patch which supports 802.11s but while recompiling, i had this error : mac-802_11.cc: undefined refernce to 'hdr_phy802_11ag::offset_' I will appreciate any help.
Re: [ns] Cross-Layering script is not running.
Hi, Are you trying to attach ftp with udp? FTP creates two TCP connections, one for sends data and one for sends commands. Do you want to use udp or tcp? If you consider udp, do this: Remove the following code: set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $udp_ $ns at 10.0 $ftp start And initialize the exponential traffic, for example: $ns_ at 2.0 $exp_ $opt(start_traffic) $ns_ at 2.0 $exp_ $opt(stop_traffic) Seeya. Urlan 2009/10/26 Mutiullah Qureshi mutiulla...@yahoo.com Thanks Urlan.. This time I created the said routine and get this: num_nodes is set 3 INITIALIZE THE LIST xListHead Error: sendmsg() for UDP should not be -1 SORTING LISTS ...DONE! end simulation -- *From:* Urlan Salgado de Barros ur...@comp.ufla.br *To:* Mutiullah Qureshi mutiulla...@yahoo.com *Cc:* NS-USERS Mailing List ns-users@isi.edu *Sent:* Mon, October 26, 2009 8:52:20 PM *Subject:* Re: [ns] Cross-Layering script is not running. Hello Mutiullah Qureshi, You need to create getLL procedure. Node/MobileNode instproc getLL { param0} { $self instvar ll_ return $ll_($param0) } Call this procedure with the command: set ll_src_ [$node_(0) getLL 0] Urlan 2009/10/26 Mutiullah Qureshi mutiulla...@yahoo.com Hello. Please consider the following script. I have written it for demonstrating cross-layering: # Define options set val(chan) Channel/WirelessChannel;# channel type set val(prop) Propagation/TwoRayGround ;# radio-propagation model set val(netif) Phy/WirelessPhy;# network interface type set val(mac)Mac/802_11 ;# MAC type set val(ifq)Queue/DropTail/PriQueue;# interface queue type set val(ll) LL ;# link layer type set val(ant)Antenna/OmniAntenna;# antenna model set val(ifqlen) 50 ;# max packet in ifq set val(nn) 3 ;# number of mobilenodes set val(rp) AODV ;# routing protocol set val(x) 500 ;# X dimension of topography set val(y) 400 ;# Y dimension of topography set val(stop)150 ;# time of simulation end set ns [new Simulator] set tracefd [open cros_ex1_tr.tr w] set namtrace [open cros_ex1_nam.nam w] $ns trace-all $tracefd $ns namtrace-all-wireless $namtrace $val(x) $val(y) # set up topography object set topo [new Topography] $topo load_flatgrid $val(x) $val(y) create-god $val(nn) # # Create nn mobilenodes [$val(nn)] and attach them to the channel. # set chan_1_ [new $val(chan)] # configure the nodes $ns node-config -adhocRouting $val(rp) \ -llType $val(ll) \ -macType $val(mac) \ -channel $chan_1_ \ -ifqType $val(ifq) \ -ifqLen $val(ifqlen) \ -antType $val(ant) \ -propType $val(prop) \ -phyType $val(netif) \ -topoInstance $topo \ -agentTrace ON \ -routerTrace ON \ -macTrace OFF \ -movementTrace ON \ for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn) } { incr i } { set node_($i) [$ns node] } # Provide initial location of mobilenodes $node_(0) set X_ 5.0 $node_(0) set Y_ 5.0 $node_(0) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(1) set X_ 490.0 $node_(1) set Y_ 285.0 $node_(1) set Z_ 0.0 $node_(2) set X_ 150.0 $node_(2) set Y_ 240.0 $node_(2) set Z_ 0.0 # Generation of movements $ns at 10.0 $node_(0) setdest 250.0 250.0 3.0 $ns at 15.0 $node_(1) setdest 45.0 285.0 5.0 $ns at 110.0 $node_(0) setdest 480.0 300.0 5.0 set udp_ [new Agent/UDP] $ns attach-agent $node_(0) $udp_ set null [new Agent/Null] $ns attach-agent $node_(1) $null set exp_ [new Application/Traffic/Exponential] $exp_ set burst_time_ 0.01ms $exp_ set idle_time_ 0.04ms $exp_ set rate_ 1.5Mbps $exp_ attach-agent $udp_ $exp_ attach-agent $udp_ $ns connect $udp_ $null set ll_src_ [$node_(0) getLL 0] $udp_ target $ll_src_ set ftp [new Application/FTP] $ftp attach-agent $udp_ $ns at 10.0 $ftp start # Define node initial position in nam for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn)} { incr i } { # 30 defines the node size for nam $ns initial_node_pos $node_($i) 30 } # Telling nodes when the simulation ends for {set i 0} {$i $val(nn) } { incr i } { $ns at $val(stop) $node_($i) reset; } # ending nam and the simulation $ns at $val(stop) $ns nam-end-wireless $val(stop) $ns at $val(stop) stop $ns at 150.01 puts \end simulation\ ; $ns halt proc stop {} { global ns tracefd namtrace $ns flush-trace close $tracefd close $namtrace } $ns run But this is the output: num_nodes is set 3 INITIALIZE THE LIST xListHead (_o14 cmd line 1) invoked from within _o14 cmd getLL 0 invoked from within catch
[ns] simulation with DCCP/TFRC
Hello everyone I have installed the patch ns-233-DCCP-1.Patch of [1] but can not find examples of simulation. I've tried to simulate a link cable but not generated traffic. Someone who is using this protocol and can send me an example? I've searched the mailing list but there is nothing. [1]http://www.nicta.com.au/people/mehanio/nsmisc I did this: set tcp0 [new Agent/DCCP/TFRC] $tcp0 set fid_ 1 $ns attach-agent $n0 $tcp0 set ftp0 [new Application/FTP] $ftp0 attach-agent $tcp0 set sinktcp0 [new Agent/DCCP/TFRC] $ns attach-agent $n3 $sinktcp0 $ns connect $tcp0 $sinktcp0 $ns at 0.2 $ftp0 start $ns at 9.5 $ns detach-agent $n0 $tcp0; $ns detach-agent $n3 $sinktcp0 thank you very much. _ Infórmate, mantente en contacto y encuéntralo todo, a la vez. Con la nueva Toolbar de MSN nunca has tenido tantas ventajas en tan poco espacio. http://toolbar.es.msn.com/
[ns] Setting Values for CWmin and CWmax
Hi, I am new to NS. I am trying to setup a network with 5 nodes, 4 of which are supposed to have one set for value for (CWmin, CWmax) and the other node is supposed to have another set of value for (CWmin, CWmax). Please suggest a method of setting these parameters in tcl. Thank you Vivek
Re: [ns] Setting Values for CWmin and CWmax
Did you try to search? http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/ns-users/2006-April/055338.html Urlan 2009/10/26 Vivek Vijaya Kumar vivek.vijayaku...@gmail.com Hi, I am new to NS. I am trying to setup a network with 5 nodes, 4 of which are supposed to have one set for value for (CWmin, CWmax) and the other node is supposed to have another set of value for (CWmin, CWmax). Please suggest a method of setting these parameters in tcl. Thank you Vivek
Re: [ns] Setting Values for CWmin and CWmax
This one shows how to set CWmin and CWmax value for the entire simulation. But is it possible to make them node specific as in different values for different nodes? For example, if node A always has some higher priority data to transmit its CWmin should be lower than the rest of the nodes. Vivek On Mon, Oct 26, 2009 at 10:55 PM, Urlan Salgado de Barros ur...@comp.ufla.br wrote: Did you try to search? http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/ns-users/2006-April/055338.html Urlan 2009/10/26 Vivek Vijaya Kumar vivek.vijayaku...@gmail.com Hi, I am new to NS. I am trying to setup a network with 5 nodes, 4 of which are supposed to have one set for value for (CWmin, CWmax) and the other node is supposed to have another set of value for (CWmin, CWmax). Please suggest a method of setting these parameters in tcl. Thank you Vivek
[ns] Java Network Simulator-Query.
Hello, I have simulated a wireless network using Java Network Simulator(JNS).Now I want to find the thoughput of network. So please tell me the formula for calculating throughput. Thanking you. Regards, Priya.