List, While this podcast in Gregory Novak's series, 'The Cunning of Geist' (link given below my signature), is well worth listening to, Novak is very much a Hegelian, somewhat a Wittgensteinian, but apparently only a bit of a Peircean. Still, his discussion of Wittgenstein does point to similarities between that scholars late work, *Philosophical Investigations*, and aspects of Peirce's philosophy including his pragmatism, semeiotic, analyses of language and meaning, etc.
Novak argues that Wittgenstein goes from a 'picture theory' of language in the *Tractatus* to a 'use theory' in *Philosophical Investigations, *strongly suggesting a turn toward a kind of pragmatism which many, although apparently not Novak, have attributed to his having been influenced by Frank Ramsey, Wittgenstein's friend, who knew facets of Peirce's work through Lady Welby's circulating some his letters to an intellectual circle of whom Ramsey was a member. [B]y circulating copies of some of Peirce's letters to her, she did much to introduce Peirce to British thinkers. [. . .] C. K. Ogden <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._K._Ogden> began corresponding with Welby in 1910, and his subsequent writings were very much influenced by her theories, although he tried to minimise this fact in his best-known book, *The Meaning of Meaning <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Meaning_of_Meaning>* (1923) [he also hardly mentioned Peirce. GR]. Welby also corresponded with William James <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_James>, F. C. S. Schiller <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._C._S._Schiller>, Mary Everest Boole <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Everest_Boole>, the Italian pragmatists Giovanni Vailati <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Vailati> and Mario Calderoni <https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mario_Calderoni&action=edit&redlink=1> [whom Peirce also corresponded with GR], Bertrand Russell <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell>, J. Cook Wilson <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Cook_Wilson> and Henri Bergson <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Bergson> [his reflections on Time may have been influenced by Peirce; at least they seem to show some similarities GR]. (from the Wikipedia article, 'Victoria, Lady Welby') Novak argues that in *Philosophical Investigations* Wittgenstein suggests that the work of a philosopher ought involve observing/analyzing how we *use* language within each 'game' itself, that is, within each domain (e.g science, religion, art, philosophy, etc.) and that there is a potential danger in mixing these domains. And not unlike Peirce, he holds that there is no thinking beyond the thought itself --in Wittgenstein's terminology, there is no 'private language' -- that, essentially -- thought and logic are social in nature [see, for example, the chapter " Logic is Rooted in the Social Principle (and vice versa)" in *Charles Sanders Peirce in His Own Words: 100 Years of Semiotics, Communication and Cognition *which Ben Udell and I co-authored.ts However, what most interests me is this exchange between Novak and PY Parisi. Regarding his podcast, Gregory Novak wrote: "In my view Peirce's philosophy cannot be defined by either of the later two camps of Analytic versus Continental philosophy. He shared elements of both. "It is striking to note that his theory of semiotics has much in common with Wittgenstein's language games, in stressing the meaning of words. Peirce's theory of signs holds that there are three elements to all things: the object, the sign for the object, and the interpretant. In concurrence with this, Wittgenstein also viewed the word as a sign, and its meaning was defined by its discipline's "language game." This podcast episode explores this topic." In reply, PY Parisi wrote: Ramsey was heavily influenced by Peirce, and in turn, heavily influenced Wittgenstein. It is of my opinion that ultimately, it is Peirce through Ramsey that got him away from the Tractatus, to move towards what gave us Philosophical Investigations. There's a biography of Ramsey that came out in 2020 which you may find interesting in that regard. "Frank Ramsey: A Sheer Excess Of Powers", by Cheryl Misak. See: Misak, C. 2016.* Cambridge Pragmatism: From Peirce and James to Ramsey and Wittgenstein*, Oxford University Press (2016) GR Jaime Nubiola, John Sowa and others have written on the topic [see Nubiola's article "SCHOLARSHIP ON THE RELATIONS BETWEEN LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN AND CHARLES S. PEIRCE" https://philpapers.org/archive/NUBSOT.pdf] I'd be interested in thoughts on the topic. Best, Gary R The Cunning of Geist: Language Games: Wittgenstein, Hegel, and the Split in Philosophy * OCTOBER 22, 2023 GREGORY NOVAK* https://www.buzzsprout.com/979879/13823274
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