Allow specifying an access method for partitioned tables

It's now possible to specify a table access method via
CREATE TABLE ... USING for a partitioned table, as well change it with
ALTER TABLE ... SET ACCESS METHOD.  Specifying an AM for a partitioned
table lets the value be used for all future partitions created under it,
closely mirroring the behavior of the TABLESPACE option for partitioned
tables.  Existing partitions are not modified.

For a partitioned table with no AM specified, any new partitions are
created with the default_table_access_method.

Also add ALTER TABLE ... SET ACCESS METHOD DEFAULT, which reverts to the
original state of using the default for new partitions.

The relcache of partitioned tables is not changed: rd_tableam is not
set, even if a partitioned table has a relam set.

Author: Justin Pryzby <pry...@telsasoft.com>
Author: Soumyadeep Chakraborty <soumyadeep2...@gmail.com>
Author: Michaƫl Paquier <mich...@paquier.xyz>
Reviewed-by: The authors themselves
Discussion: 
https://postgr.es/m/CAE-ML+9zM4wJCGCBGv01k96qQ3gFv4WFcFy=zqphkeaefww...@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210308010707.GA29832%40telsasoft.com

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/374c7a2290429eac3217b0c7b0b485db9c2bcc72

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml              |  10 +-
doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml       |  18 +++-
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml      |   4 +
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c        | 165 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c     |  22 +++++
src/backend/utils/cache/relcache.c      |   7 ++
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c               |   3 +-
src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl        |  35 +++++++
src/include/catalog/pg_class.h          |   4 +-
src/include/utils/lsyscache.h           |   1 +
src/test/regress/expected/create_am.out | 158 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
src/test/regress/sql/create_am.sql      |  91 +++++++++++++++++-
12 files changed, 469 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-)

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