active replication are:
>
> * Do you really, really need it? (hint: the answer is no)
> * What problem are you trying to solve?
> * Are you really willing to suffer the tradeoffs?
Agreed, see this:
https://momjian.us/main/blogs/pgblog/2018.html#December_24_2018
--
Bruce Momjian
.
I think it is that way because we don't have any guarantees or regular
communication with "3rd party distributions".
--
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
company. My mistake.
How did you come to that conclusion? Is there something we could do to
avoid this assumption.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
om
> the old cluster into the new, but copies the table data. Your friend is thus
> isn't wrong, it does use pg_restore but only for the schema, not the data.
This presentation shows how it works internally:
https://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/pg_upgrade.pdf
--
documentation into Korean. I would appreciate
> any
> information on the details of this project and how to participate.
I would look here:
https://postgresql.kr/
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
cent minor PG 15
version?
https://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/
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Only you can decide what is important to you.
released slide deck about users:
https://momjian.us/main/writings/pgsql/user.pdf
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Only you can decide what is important to you.
database systems:
https://momjian.us/main/blogs/pgblog/2018.html#December_7_2018
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
equires
> libarmadillo.so.12()(64bit), but none of the providers can be installed
> - cannot install the best update candidate for package
> gdal37-devel-3.7.2-1PGDG.rhel8.x86_64
> - cannot install the best update candidate for package
> gdal36-libs-3.6.4-5PGDG.rhel8.x86_64
--
Bruc
On Tue, Jan 16, 2024 at 04:19:55PM -0500, Bruce Momjian wrote:
> On Wed, Jan 17, 2024 at 02:42:16AM +0530, Atul Kumar wrote:
> > Hi,
> >
> > I am new to RDS postgres, I have version 14 running on it with m7g.large
> >
> > I found that lots of parameters has DBIns
; How should I calculate it?
We can't answer RDS-specific questions here. I suggest you ask the
vendor.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
;"
>
> Yes, an error would be nice, but the effort put forth stops at unpredictable,
> and saying just don't do it.
Oh, good to know. :-)
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
WITHx AS (UPDATE tf SET i=i+1 RETURNING *),
y AS (UPDATE tf SET x=x||'yy' RETURNING *)
SELECT * FROM x,y;
i | x | i | x
---+---+---+---
TABLE tf;
i | x
---+---
2 | x
I know you can cascade the returning of one ta
u/postgres/man/man1/postgresql.1 &&
rm postgresql.1
I pulled the formatting from postgres.1; without that the formatting
was 80-column and poor. I think it doesn't define .TH and that makes it
look bad.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
for tracking planning and
> execution statistics of all SQL statements executed by a server."
Since he asked about execution plans, I was thinking auto_explain:
https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/auto-explain.html
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB
> great for me.
Yes, we can do HTML too as a single file, postgres.html. What I don't
see is man page output for anything but the references pages, and as
separate files. It might be possible to convert the HTML to man format
using something like html2man.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
uestion for me. I poked though
the doc makefile and it turns out that:
make postgres.txt
creates such a file. Here is the PG 16 version:
https://momjian.us/expire/postgres-16.txt
Let me know if you want a different Postgres version.
--
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entually made that clear.
If we have more features that need this kind of dynamic ability, we
might revisit this feature too.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
s comment. :-)
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
> > > > > The client is now concerned about the issue that the number of
> > > > > > rows in some of the above tables has increased. Is this possible?
> > > no, reindex will not add rows to the table.
> > But if the indexes were corrupted before the
ons/general.html#presenting
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Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
ntry: s/informaion/information/
>
> ciao, lele.
Thanks, fix applied.
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Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
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Only you can decide what is important to you.
much.
And the performance sounds terrible. ;-)
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Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
hard.
> There's presumably other considerations I'm unaware of too. My core
> question: are there significant technical blockers to supporting this
> kind of gradual in place migration, or has it just not been enough of
> a problem that it's received attention?
I think this talk w
> If not supported yet in the beta version I would like to know if PostgreSQL 16
> final version will support native transparent data encryption or not?
Not, PG 16 will not support it, and I am unclear if later major versions
will either.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB
compatibility provided by the PG community.
> > We now experience problems with the data.
>
> This needs more information:
>
> 1) Describe the upgrade process
>
> 2) Describe the data problems.
Plus it is Aurora, which is not community Postgre
On Sat, Jun 10, 2023 at 02:18:18AM -0300, Marcos Pegoraro wrote:
>
>
> Em sex., 9 de jun. de 2023 às 22:22, Bruce Momjian
>
>
> Uh, I have no idea what that means and I didn't think we had active-active
> in version 16
>
> https://postgrespro.com/blog/pg
On Fri, Jun 9, 2023 at 10:01:48AM -0300, Marcos Pegoraro wrote:
> Postgres 16 will have origin on logical replication, so you can have Active
> Active mode.
Uh, I have no idea what that means and I didn't think we had
active-active in PG 16.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
On Tue, May 30, 2023 at 10:28:58PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote:
> On Wed, May 31, 2023 at 02:18:25PM +1200, David Rowley wrote:
> > On Wed, 31 May 2023 at 14:11, Bruce Momjian wrote:
> > >
> > > On Wed, May 31, 2023 at 02:05:10PM +1200, David Rowley wrote:
> > &
On Wed, May 31, 2023 at 02:18:25PM +1200, David Rowley wrote:
> On Wed, 31 May 2023 at 14:11, Bruce Momjian wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, May 31, 2023 at 02:05:10PM +1200, David Rowley wrote:
> > > "Relation extensions have been improved allowing faster bulk loa
On Wed, May 31, 2023 at 02:05:10PM +1200, David Rowley wrote:
> On Wed, 31 May 2023 at 13:13, Bruce Momjian wrote:
> > There is no mention of concurrency being a requirement. Is it wrong? I
> > think there was a question of whether you had to add _multiple_ blocks
>
ding by a single page at a time got a good bit more scalable. Maybe
just "Improve efficiency of extending relations"?
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
T chr(x + 96) FROM generate_series(1, 26) x
A working example is:
SELECT chr(x + 96) FROM generate_series(1, 26) as f(x);
Here is a blog entry about more complex examples:
https://momjian.us/main/blogs/pgblog/2012.html#July_24_2012
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
PostgreSQL.
I have found it is hard to protect against the judgment of the ignorant,
so I usually don't bother.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Only you can decide what is important to you.
on keys for two databases in the
> same server, respectively? How can one verify that?
It will not be in PG 16.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Embrace your flaws. They make you human, rather than perfect,
which you will never be.
On Thu, May 4, 2023 at 09:16:20PM -0400, Bruce Momjian wrote:
> Lex and yacc load command-specific structures, or a Query structure for
> SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGE.
>
> The Query structure is converted into a Plan which is executed by the
> executor. It is not compile
GE.
The Query structure is converted into a Plan which is executed by the
executor. It is not compiled into assembly language. See this:
https://www.postgresql.org/developer/backend/
A
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Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://e
gt; 8c56cacb99771c4f06be2551988e553a70ea5e5459202e12e0e92fdeb7371621(sha256)
> >
> > For the pgdg12 RHEL 8 repository
> >
> > [MIRROR] pg_auto_failover_12-llvmjit-1.6.3-1.rhel8.x86_64.rpm: Downloading
> > successful, but checksum
> > do
ly the item pointer on the heap/table page can't be
reused because _one_ of the indexes needs a new item pointer to point
to. See the later sections of this talk for diagrams:
https://momjian.us/main/presentations/internals.html#mvcc
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB
On Sun, Jan 15, 2023 at 04:27:50PM -0500, p...@pfortin.com wrote:
> >3) Again, read the docs multiple times there is a lot to understand.
>
> Agreed. But they could be a little clearer... :)
Agreed the docs are complex, but how can they be clearer?
--
Bruce Momjian
n wondered if we could document rules where multiple
asychronous snapshots would be safe but have never gotten very far.
--
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Embrace your flaws. They make you human, rather than perfect,
which you will never be.
text when it _starts, while enabling only
log_min_duration_statement prints the statement and duration when it
_ends_.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Embrace your flaws. They make you human, rather than perfect,
which you will never be.
parent_Data_Encryption
Also, the first two patches in this email are doc patches which explain
the benefits:
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/20210625212204.ga7...@momjian.us
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Em
ions/internals.html#mvcc
xip is a list of transaction that were open at the time the snapshot was
taken. If the transaction commits after the snapshot is taken, it is
still invisible.
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EDB https://enterprisedb
you have to _compile_
Postgres using the LibreSSL includes --- you can't take a binary
compliled for OpenSSL and link it against LibreSSL.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Embrace your flaws. They make you human, ra
;superuser",
> but otherwise plain "superuser" is fine. And we've settled on
> "bootstrap superuser" as the best term for the role with OID 10.
> So the present set of glossary entries looks fine to me.
Thanks, agreed. I just wanted to suggest a clarification in case i
;
> How much time would it have taken to go to the docs?:
>
> https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-initdb.html
I know I am replying late here, but isn't it the database _cluster_
superuser?
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Embrace your flaws. They make you human, rather than perfect,
which you will never be.
ew rows, it does matter.
We do have a correlation statistics value for each column but I am
unclear if that would help here.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Indecision is a decision. Inaction is an action. Mark Batterson
be done in Google Calendar, with an exported ICS file, or via
a dedicated ICS file. I could even automate it by scraping our website.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Indecision is a decision. Inaction
On Tue, Aug 16, 2022 at 06:15:43PM -0500, Ted Toth wrote:
> Is this the right list to ask questions about plpython? If not what
> would be the best list or git repo to ask questions related to
> plpython?
Sure, go ahead.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian
't we start
to create the hash and just switch to always returning NULL if we see
any NULLs while we are creating the hash?
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Indecision is a decision. Inaction is an action. Mark Batterson
e. I am not writing any application
> code.
I would ask the pspg author on something that specific.
--
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Indecision is a decision. Inaction is an action. Mark Batterson
but it then sounded like you were looking for a terminal-level API,
which kind of sounded like pspg, which you are using, but something much
more sophisticated.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Indecision is a decision. Inaction is an action. Mark Batterson
; Please point me in the right direction.
I would start here:
https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Oracle_to_Postgres_Conversion
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Indecision is a decision. Inaction is an action. Mark Batterson
the most recent version of 12.X, and I do see some
extended statistics change in the later releases you are missing.
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Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Indecision is a decision. Inaction is an action. Mark Batterson
On Thu, Apr 28, 2022 at 11:55:09PM +0100, Aaron Gray wrote:
> On Wed, 27 Apr 2022 at 18:01, Bruce Momjian wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Apr 27, 2022 at 05:21:41PM +0100, Aaron Gray wrote:
> > > Hi,
> > >
> > > Is there any way to (virtually) encrypt whole d
y is working on an implementation,
perhaps for PG 16. You can also do column-level encryption on the
server side via pgcrypto, or on the client side.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Indecision is a decisio
was using that was fixed by a re-login?
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
Indecision is a decision. Inaction is an action. Mark Batterson
reference.
Postgres can do that too.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
interesting project that nobody's
> tackled.
Oh, you mean like, "pizza" is used only in this document vs it being
used in every document. Should we add some documentation about this or
is it already clear?
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB
hat
> corpus-wide frequency information is taken into account in either
> ranking function.
>
> I don't know if Solr weights earlier tokens more heavily, but I
> wouldn't be surprised if it does.
Sorry, I don't know what corpus is or what you are asking?
--
Bruce
Solr is prioritizing terms that are earlier
in the document?
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Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
is possible. I think it would be helpful if we just
document what we _don't_ have.
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Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
e, and had to hunt to find a link to add to the
docs for that tool. If you find something better, please let us know.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
another factor.
What I found with QUEL was that simple things were easier than SQL, but
things like aggregates and subqueries were harder, confusing. or
impossible.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only t
ning when
> granting permissions on an object that already has a grant of
> the same permissions to PUBLIC. That would at least cue people
> who don't understand about this behavior that they ought to look
> more closely.)
Agreed.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB
d
> SELECT *, - b.a_id FROM ...
>
> Maybe
> SELECT * EXCEPT b.a_id FROM ...
Yes, this was proposed on hackers a few months ago and a patch was
proposed:
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/892708.1634233481%40sss.pgh.pa.us#1f17923ad50a1442867162991c54ead9
Th
2012.html#July_9_2012
https://momjian.us/main/presentations/performance.html#optimizer
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Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
me around $800 monthly.
>
> Do you guys know by any chance a similar solution cheaper or even open source?
Uh, this should help:
https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Monitoring
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterp
er year. I plan to store in
> bytea format in an isolated table. Is this recommended? Is there another
> better
> way?
You might want to read this:
https://momjian.us/main/blogs/pgblog/2020.html#June_19_2020
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB
On Mon, Nov 15, 2021 at 09:30:03AM -0500, Bruce Momjian wrote:
>
> Due to time constraints, I do not directly answer general PostgreSQL
> questions. For assistance, please join the appropriate mailing list and
> post your question:
>
> https://www.postgresql.org/comm
you help.
>
> here is the query the i have wrote so far:
> select team.id, nickname,color
> from team,points,game
> where (team.tid = game.vtid and (vscore - hscore ) < 0) or (game.htid =
> team.tid and (hscore - vscore )< 0 )
> having
--
Bruce Momjian https:/
recreated on the new server. I think we
suggested delete then create so that the functions would not be called
accidentally on the new server before being recreated.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
ce that is done, the changes on the publisher are sent to the subscriber
as they occur in real-time. The subscriber applies the data in the same
order as the publisher so that transactional consistency is guaranteed for
publications within a single subscription. This method of data replication
more problems than expected.
>
> Having worked with PostgreSQL on ZFS I wouldn't generally recommend it as a
> general tool.
I know ZFS has a lot of features/options, and some of those can cause
corruption, so if you modify ZFS options, you need to be sure they don't
affect Postgr
upgrade's check mode checks as much as it reasonable can, but it
doesn't try restoring the database schema, for performance reasons, and
that is where the failure is happening.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If on
log_min_duration_statment prints them after execution. You can verify
this by running:
SET log_statement = 'all';
SELECT pg_sleep(430);
and then looking in the log file.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enter
way of "assume it's all local time" doesn't
> cut it.
I wrote a blog about this:
https://momjian.us/main/blogs/pgblog/2017.html#September_27_2017
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If
On Thu, Aug 19, 2021 at 04:07:52PM +0200, Magnus Hagander wrote:
> On Thu, Aug 19, 2021 at 2:34 AM Bruce Momjian wrote:
> >
> > On Wed, Aug 18, 2021 at 12:47:26PM -0700, Bryan Boone wrote:
> > > Ah okay thank you. I think what was confusing me was the “without fee”.
&
l not charge
> a fee to us to distribute it.
You are not the first person to be confused by this; see this email
thread from 2003:
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/a3c9d941f0a3761cc68adad1b4334...@biglumber.com
--
Bruce Momjian https://m
or Miller
> products.
I am a root beer guy! And of course, the beer/root beer angle is just a
joke, Many companies use Postgres for many purposes, resell, modify,
etc, with no payment or requirements.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB
d/or blogs, you will have to read them to
> figure out which one suits you best.
Yes, I think the reason there are only third-party failover tools is
that failover is very tied to the operating system/network details, and
the database usually doesn't focus on those.
--
Bruce Momji
name = 'log_statement'
> Does this mean all statements by any user on any database in that server are
> getting logged? This is for auditing purposes.
Yes.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the
On Wed, Aug 18, 2021 at 09:50:32AM +, Pansara, Jiten wrote:
> Hello Team,
>
>
>
> I am executing below command to copy data but it is throwing error. Can anyone
> help please?
I think you want to contact the ora2pg project, not us.
--
Bruce Momjian https:
ection management and load balancing.
> >
> > Regards
> > Vikas S
> >
> >
> --
> Mladen Gogala
> Database Consultant
> Tel: (347) 321-1217
> https://dbwhisperer.wordpress.com
>
>
>
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
the current config - which I suppose
> will help with the connection pooling etc. But even it lends caution to the
> multi-master route for write heavy applications.
You might want to read this:
https://momjian.us/main/blogs/pgblog/2018.html#December_24_2018
--
Bruce
that for himself, a superuser
> can.
Ah, yes, I hadn't considered that ALTER USER bypasses those user checks.
--
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
or poking local
> exceptions into that policy.
The nice thing about SECURITY DEFINER is that the super user controls
what values it can be set to.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
m perform.
I think you can write a SECURITY DEFINER function that calls SET, call
that function at login.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
are almost insane!
Also, pg_upgrade will throw an error if copying from one version to the
same version if there are tablespaces since the tablespace directory
name is the catalog version name.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enter
On Sat, Jul 3, 2021 at 09:05:58PM +0530, Rama Krishnan wrote:
>
> Hi Team,
>
> How can I split read and write queries using pgbouncer
No. I think only PgPool can do that because it parses the SQL.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momj
Yeah, everyone at school would smell the stack of papers as they passed
them back. When I realized it was methanol and isopropanol that made me
like the smell, I realied how much chemicals could affect my behavior.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB
he answer. I also can't figure out how people can use
streaming chat for complex, multi-day communication since it feels just
like top-posting email.
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EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
in saying that "don't top-post"
or "bottom-post" is not clear enough in explaining how to properly
"trim-post", as you stated. Some people trim-post automatically, while
others have never thought about it since their communication is almost
always inf
$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/lib/9.6/lib
The problem is clearly using the wrong version of the libpq libary.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
On Thu, Jun 3, 2021 at 06:08:42PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
> Bruce Momjian writes:
> > On Thu, Jun 3, 2021 at 09:31:15PM +, tom.beacon wrote:
> >> What is the best contact with whom to discuss possible violations of the
> >> pgsql
> >> license?
>
>
https://www.postgresql.org/about/policies/trademarks/
bo...@lists.postgres.ca
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
If only the physical world exists, free will is an illusion.
On Thu, Jun 3, 2021 at 03:21:15PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
> Adrian Klaver writes:
> > On 6/3/21 12:01 PM, Bruce Momjian wrote:
> >> On Thu, Jun 3, 2021 at 08:58:03PM +0200, Marc Millas wrote:
> >>> within a function, I want to create another function.
>
>
function named bidule and not myfunc.
> so I am obviously missing something too obvious.
You can't create functions inside of functions; same for procedures.
--
Bruce Momjian https://momjian.us
EDB https://enterprisedb.com
t;
>
> Our current application deployments (every 3 weeks) require about 30min
> downtime. We are now tasked of making this 0 downtime.
I suggest you decide how much downtime you can accept or consider
multi-master replication:
https://momjian.us/main/blogs/pgblog/2018.html#December_2
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