k better?
>
> I've had good success with TimescaleDB for large timesries databases (40b
> readings).
That has nothing to do with indexing, and I would think twice to install
an invasive extension like that and add a dependency on third-party code,
just because I want to partition a table.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
the metrics column.
With the B-tree deduplication feature added in v13, the index will
be small, and I doubt that hash indexes would perform much better.
If there is a dominant value, you could consider a partial index
that excludes that value.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
On Mon, 2021-09-06 at 12:11 -0700, Peter Geoghegan wrote:
> On Mon, Sep 6, 2021 at 9:21 AM Laurenz Albe wrote:
> > #define BYPASS_THRESHOLD_PAGES 0.02 /* i.e. 2% of rel_pages */
> >
> > So up to an additional 2% of all pages can have the all-visible bit
> > unset
On Mon, 2021-09-06 at 11:59 -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
> Laurenz Albe writes:
> > It is not an incompatibility that warrants a mention in the release notes,
> > but perhaps somthing in
> > https://www.postgresql.org/docs/14/indexes-index-only-scans.html
> > and/or
> >
quot;index_cleanup = on" for best performance with index-only scans.
Suggested patch attached, should be backpatched to v14.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
From d98f4c4cb62b564e8f9a26ed4e8da80dadfbc55c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Laurenz Alb
On Mon, 2021-09-06 at 03:07 -0400, Mladen Gogala wrote:
>
> On 9/6/21 2:26 AM, Laurenz Albe wrote:
> > "Bind variables" just being an Oraclism for parameters, it is*not* a
> > mistake to use them in PostgreSQL.
>
> Actually, it is a mistake because they don
prepared statement.
> People switching from Oracle, me being one of those, frequently make
> mistake of using bind variables in Postgres.
"Bind variables" just being an Oraclism for parameters, it is *not* a
mistake to use them in PostgreSQL.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
tly you are doing, so I cannot be certain.
age(xmin) will not necessarily tell you how many transactions
ago the row was created...
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
numbers are recycled when transaction IDs wrap around, and you could
have two entries with the same "xmin" that have a totally different
meaning, because one of the rows is frozen and the other isn't.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
by xlog
> files in case of failure?
Sure.
Upgrade to v13 and set "max_slot_wal_keep_size".
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
> 106 times : SELECT pg_catalog.format_type('42604'::pg_catalog.oid, NULL)
>
> In total, there were 5000 queries:
> SELECT pg_catalog.format_type('[0-9]+'::pg_catalog.oid, NULL)
>
> But there were only 83 separate oids that were scanned.
That is a strong argument for using a hash table to cache the types.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
change or fail.
Create your own dictionary with the same template.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
dle" on the database server, then the setting is
independent
of the client used.
I would say that a setting of 5 seconds is way too low. Set it to 600 or so,
that would
be 10 minutes.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
standby servers for these two purposes.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
c-postgresql/patroni-windows-packaging
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
ass, it waited for ShareLock on that transaction:
There must have been something else using "pg_class", since the above
won't take any permament locks on "pg_class", nor should it block VACUUM.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
some type of
> "make" (that UNIX tool dealing with dependencies in the context of e.g.
> programming in C) would be helpful...
You have your view definitions stored in a source control system, and/or
you employ a version management tool like Liquibase.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
read from input file: end of file
> Error during cluster dumping, removing new cluster
Unlucky you. The database you are tasked with upgrading is suffering from data
corruption. You would get the same result if you
SELECT * FROM public.mdl_local_intelliboard_details;
You first have to deal with the data corruption, then you can upgrade.
You might have to hire an expert.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
normal form, and the
exercise will be simple.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
elay to:
>
> https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/hot-standby.html#HOT-STANDBY-CONFLICT
>
> for the details.
Perhaps you might find the following article interesting, where I tried to
discuss this topic in some depth:
https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com/en/streaming-replicati
quot;bcaas",8516,"10.122.37.247:41372",60e4d5fe.2144,94,"COMMIT",2021-07-06
> 22:15:26 UTC,16/0,0,LOG,0,"duration: 7877.650 ms",""
>
> The instance is in AWS RDS. It is a multi-az db.t3.xlarge machine class
> running 10.6. It also has a read replica if that could be relevant.
>
> Thanks for any suggestions.
Possible causes in decreasing order of likelihood:
- I/O overload (look at I/O wait % in the CPU time).
- large WITH HOLD cursors
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
d \di+ to determine if the table or any of its indexes
actually resides in the new tablespace. Don't forget the TOAST table.
If they are all still in the original tablespace as they should be
on account of the transactional guarantees, go ahead and manually
remove the files.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
;
> How can I (?) repair this table? (for recent data this works OK).
If you have a backup, take that.
If not, hire an expert in data recovery.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
eferencing column? I've not looked at how this particular case
> > is implemented, but typically, lack of such an index is fine
> > until you try to delete PK-side rows.
>
> There are seven FK constraints, all in the format of (field_1, field_2).
> Two referenced table have a supporting index on both columns, and five have
> a supporting index on only field_1.
Those five foreign keys that are not fully indexed may well be your problem.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
y text_pattern_ops can be used on varchar columns,
> considering it
> can’t be used for bpchar columns? And are there any downsides in doing this
> (aside from my confusion of course)?
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/A737B7A37273E048B164557ADEF4A58B17CCE003%40ntex2010i.
bytes actually read is returned; this will be less than 'len'
if the end of the large object is reached first. In the event of an error,
the return value is -1."
So it will always read as many bytes as possible.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
t; Why 'into var' is not accepted here?
> >
> > Are you talking about ECPG?
>
> I am using postgres c library, namely I'm calling PQexec()
Then you don't need it. You may be mixing up SQL syntax and PL/pgSQL syntax.
Just run the statement without t
d_type)
> values ($1, $2) returning load_idx into $3
>
> ^
> Why 'into var' is not accepted here?
Are you talking about ECPG?
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
ss1';
>
> as the user is created with login privileges then what is the use such user ?
The role can be the owner of objects, or it can have members that
inherit privileges.
But setting a password is pointless on a role that cannot login.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
with a check constraint on the length,
that is, no added functionality.
And it is worse for these reasons:
- the performance will be worse (big reason)
- the length limit is less obvious if you look at the table definition
(small reason)
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
, equality is equality of all members,
and don't ask me about IS NULL and IS NOT NULL, else I point you to
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/48BDABE9-88AB-46E9-BABE-F70DDBFB98BD%40kineticode.com
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
On Mon, 2021-06-07 at 21:58 +0530, Atul Kumar wrote:
> On Monday, June 7, 2021, Laurenz Albe wrote:
> > On Mon, 2021-06-07 at 17:48 +0530, Atul Kumar wrote:
> > > But once I rolled back the query, pgsql_tmp directory it was back to
> > > 87 GBs so please help me in
part of the temporary file name.
It could be that such files are left behind after a crash.
If you are sure that the don't belong to a running query (for example,
if their modification timestamp is old), you can delete them.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
g 'why base sub directory size is getting
> increased'?
>
> my postgres version is 9.6.
Based on the little information you gave us, it could be one of
- temporary files that get created by the query
- you export the data into the data directory
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
-
t problem is that any such catalog
modifications would be lost after an upgrade.
I would change the parameters in "postgresql.conf" and then override the
settings for user table to be less aggressive where necessary.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
QUERY PLAN
═
Function Scan on generate_series (cost=0.00..0.25 rows=25 width=4)
(1 row)
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
27;::text[])
> order by objectid,array_position('{de,en}'::text[],objectLang);
That looks ok, except you should remove "objectid" from the index.
That column makes that the index cannot be used for "objectlang" effectively.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
h
> individual rows (e.g. using tsrange & gist exclude). But willing to be
> proven wrong.
Your intuition is good. Don't use JSON for that, and don't use the outdated
hstore extension in particular.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
characters, so
"<>-" is treated as two tokens.
But "!" does not appear in SQL standard operators, so there is no special
processing.
This is a hack to allow constructs like 1<>-2, which are required to
comply with the SQL standard.
If you want this behavior, sitch to standard SQL operator names and
don't use !=.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
on WALWriteLock causing high
> response time.
>
> Any idea how the initial copy can cause WAL generation ?!
I don't know how much RDS is like PostgreSQL, but on PostgreSQL this could be
the setting of hint bits for new rows that have never been read before.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
possibility might be to define a trigger on the remote table
that fetches the next sequence value if you try to insert NULL.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
.
Either you didn't shut down PostgreSQL cleanly, or some server process
crashed. The log should tell you which of the two happened.
Did you set "checkpoint_timeout" to a high value? That will make the
startup process potentially take longer to recover.
Yours,
Laurenz A
face the same problem later.
However, for upgrading from v11 with little down time you may be able to use
logical replication.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
0FFFBE8
You are trying to stream from a server whose WAL position is *behind* your
own. That cannot work.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
tput format, set "bytea_output" to "escape".
If you output "bytea"s in binary form, nothing has changed.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
v10, and it worked very nice.
> So my question is, could (or should) we rather use PostgresDB v13 (to
> get the newest) or should we stay on PostgresDB v10 (to be more
> compatible to our libpq/libpqxx).
Use the latest PostgreSQL client if you can, it shouldn't be a problem.
You
igh.
The table contains cumulative statistics. So you should remember the value,
look
again in a day or a week and calculate the difference to see how often index
scans
have been used in that time.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
@lsst-pgsql02 pgbouncer]$ egrep "auth_type" pgbouncer.ini
> auth_type = pam
>
> any ideas?
I'd suspect that pgBouncer is not built with PAM support after all.
Run "ldd" on the executable and see if it links with OpenLDAP.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
see at first glance: Sort Method: external merge Disk: 299,368kB
To see all, use EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS).
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
the database.
Not all tables have their "relfilenode" set:
SELECT relfilenode FROM pg_class WHERE relname = 'pg_class';
relfilenode
═════
0
(1 row)
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
age and tuple locks accumulate over time.
> Eventually this results in an "out of shared memory" error.
Not sure, but do you see prepared transactions in "pg_prepared_xacts"?
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
s surprisingly easy to enter currupt strings into Oracle - just set
client encoding to the same value as server encoding, and it won't check
the integrity of your strings.
If that is your problem, you must identify and fix the data in Oracle.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
saktion
> 2021-04-23 05:59:17.419 CEST [26827] LOG: unerwartetes EOF auf
> Client-Verbindung mit einer offenen Transaktion
>
> What else could be checked for this? Any hints about this issue?
It seems pretty clear that both the client and the server are waiting for each
other.
The serv
That sounds right. A minor upgrade consists of installing the new files and
replacing the old ones, then restarting the server.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
inor upgrade is done by installing the binaries and overwriting the old ones.
It sounds like you are doing the right thing.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
ut if that dump is something
akin to "pg_dump", then you are comparing apples and oranges.
Moreover, the base backup is compressed, and I don't know if the
Sybase dump is.
If you had used PostgreSQL v13, you could check the backup for
completenes. But the best test for a backup is to restore it.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
network cannot cope.
If only the second number is delayed, you have replication conflicts
with queries on the standby.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
canner is telling you to install the latest fix for v11,
and it is right to complain.
Read https://www.postgresql.org/support/versioning/
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
PostgreSQL cluster.
If there is no "backup_label", PostgreSQL will get the latest checkpoint
from the control file (global/pg_control), which may well be later than
the checkpoint that started the backup, so you will miss to recover some
transactions.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
;s problem. I am really
> confused.
Your mail got me confused...
Why do you write the WAL to /tmp/pg_wal, only to later mount that at the
default location?
I see nothing wrong with what you are doing, but I may have got lost
in your complicated procedure.
You don't happen to remove "backup_label", do you?
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
. While this second server was copying data with COPY to third,
> everything was fine but when COPY finished and it would start streaming
> data, both replication just stopped.
Look into the PostgreSQL log on both machines.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
some, but you could go through all the shared libraries
(DLLs) in the "bin" directory that do not belong to PostgreSQL. The licenses
for software like OpenSSL should be easy to find.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
Group consider to provide these
> information ?
> Is there a team or a group in charge of this ? Is there a direct email
> address to ask this
> kind of request ?
These installation packages are provided by EnterpriseDB, not by the PGDG.
I think your request is reason
g this would prevent the use of
pg_upgrade for upgrading, as the on-disk format changes.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
the
rightmost leaf page, but UUIDs are random.
- UUIDs are more expensive to generate.
On the other hand, many processes trying to insert into
the same index page might lead to contention.
Is there anything I have missed?
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
but autovacuum should handle
those databases and advance their "datfrozenxid".
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
do anything except advance "datfrozenxid".
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
eed to create the users in
PostgreSQL.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
izes that everybody else has already left and
destroyed the memory segment.
In the latter case, you can ignore the error.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
NIQUE indexes.
You can try this:
INSERT ... ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING;
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
ecause FALSE < TRUE.
>
> This does not work for me. The same result as normal order.
>
> Amm
> andere Marken
> Ani
> Anti
> Bra
> Cali
You are allowed to adapt the query to your special needs.
But if you need to be spoonfed:
SELECT a.name
FROM foo as a
ORDER BY a.name = initcap(a.name), a.name;
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
On Thu, 2021-03-18 at 23:51 +0100, basti wrote:
> Am 18.03.21 um 17:19 schrieb Laurenz Albe:
> > On Thu, 2021-03-18 at 15:39 +0100, basti wrote:
> > > I need to as follow:
> > >
> > > ande
> > > Amma
> > > Anit
> > > Anti
&g
ali
>
> ande
Create an ICU collation:
CREATE COLLATION inv (PROVIDER = icu, LOCALE = "en-US@CaseFirst=LowerFirst");
Then use
ORDER BY name COLLATE inv
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
Disposition: Open, Options: Synchronous IO Non-Alert, Open
> Reparse Point, Attributes: n/a, ShareMode: Read, Write, Delete,
> AllocationSize: n/a
Doesn't look like these are error messages.
There should be error messages that correspond to the error messages you see in
the PostgreSQL log.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
000B7
I think what it would be most helpful to run "process monitor", so that you get
a log of the system calls and errors; perhaps that shows some details that
we cannot get from the error message.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
On Tue, 2021-03-16 at 16:11 +0200, Andrew Anderson wrote:
> postgres=# show wal_keep_segments;
> wal_keep_segments
> ---
> 32
> (1 row)
Ok, then I am out of ideas.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
On Tue, 2021-03-16 at 15:31 +0200, Andrew Anderson wrote:
> вт, 16 мар. 2021 г. в 14:21, Laurenz Albe :
> > On Tue, 2021-03-16 at 09:49 +0200, Andrew Anderson wrote:
> > > 2021-03-16 09:44:03.997 EET [97581] [] [] [] []DEBUG: attempting to
> > > remove WAL s
s that a reasonably recent WAL segment?
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
ages]
Could you set "log_checkpoints = on" and tell us what "checkpoint_timeout"
is set to? WAL segments are only deleted after checkpoints.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
The key to this is "EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS)" for the query -
that will tell you what is slow and why, so that you can tackle the
problem.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
able to catch up any more.
If you don't want to use "restore_command" or replication slots, your
only option is to increase "wal_keep_segments".
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
e query, the
first executes the query. Executing the query is what
can take long.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
> No need for a backup. Correct?
No, not correct.
You could perhaps locate the checkpoint before that in the WAL with
"pg_waldump" and manufacture an appropriate "backup_label" to start
recovery from there.
But by the time you reach 00010015008F, your recovery would
stop, and the database would believe it was recovered.
However, there might be some data modifications in the data files from
a later point in time, which amounts to data corruption.
WAL is called WAL because you always have to write to WAL first,
only then to the data files. You cannot have a change to the data
files that is not WAL logged.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
ust about connects of applications.
All that looks fine.
If that happens again, set "log_min_messages" to "debug2".
Then the log file will contain information abotu the WAL segments that
PostgreSQL is trying to remove. That might give you some insight.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
ave to figure out what is blocking WAL removal.
Are there archive failures reported in "pg_stat_archiver" and the log?
You say that replication is working fine, but try
SELECT pg_current_wal_lsn();
on the primary and compare that with the "restart_lsn" of the replication slot.
Look for strange messages in the log file on both servers.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
:
>
> show lc_numeric;
> lc_numeric
> -
> fr_FR.UTF-8
That "space" is UNICODE U+202F ("Narrow No-Break Space"), and that's what your
C library thinks to be the correct group separator for the French language.
You can either replace the chara
pall" the cluster and load it into a cluster
that was newly created with "initdb".
Any problems loading the data have to be resolved manually.
> I thought this wal trouble was caused by disk IO troubles. But any error was
> not raised in OS syslog.
> I want to know
me file
> "pg_wal/00010005001B": Permission denied
Windows?
Don't let anti-virus software mess with the data directory.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
the
session that created them, so you can safely ignore these errors.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
On Fri, 2021-02-26 at 13:12 +0200, Yambu wrote:
> Is there a quick way to list tables used by a function if the function is big
> to search for tables manually?
No.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
unning different C libraries or C library versions, so that the collations
with the same name behave slightly differently.
That could lead to the observed behavior with indexes on string data types.
Make sure to use the same C library version on both systems.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
_0400_job | table | college
> > > sys| scheduler_0450_job_argument | table | college
>
> yes I know that, but my doubt is why \dt is showing tables of other
> schemas even I am setting the search_path.
The problem is that you are not running PostgreS
r"
to limit the number of parallel workers available to a single query.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
greSQL will use as many of the planned workers
as are currently available (max_parallel_workers).
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
On Thu, 2021-02-18 at 11:42 +, Joao Miguel Ferreira wrote:
> On Thu, Feb 18, 2021 at 10:52 AM Laurenz Albe
> wrote:
> > On Thu, 2021-02-18 at 09:09 +, Joao Miguel Ferreira wrote:
> > > I have a few PL/pgSQL functions that use queires like "SHOW
> > >
ose that field is not "resettable" by the administrator, as I
> tried to, but then what drives changes?
SELECT pg_stat_reset_shared('archiver');
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
user specific config values
> that would become accessible to the "SHOW " SQL comand.
_product_name := current_setting('company.product');
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
On Tue, 2021-02-16 at 16:11 -0600, Ron wrote:
> SQL is only intuitive to people who've done programming... :)
SQL is quite counter-intuitive to people who have only done
procedural programming.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
ed
> hard links with old cluster.
It is absolutely safe.
It would actually be quite unsafe *not* to delete the old cluster,
because if anybody managed to start it, data corruption would be the
consequence.
Yours,
Laurenz Albe
--
Cybertec | https://www.cybertec-postgresql.com
On Mon, 2021-02-15 at 12:40 -0800, Christophe Pettus wrote:
> > On Feb 15, 2021, at 08:15, Laurenz Albe wrote:
> > Right. I cannot think of any other reason, given that the standby only
> > allows reading. It's just an "xmax", and PostgreSQL needs to read the
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