RE: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
http://php.he.net/manual/en/function.pcntl-fork.php says 'The reason for the
MySQL Lost Connection during query...' like what you concluded, although
they grab a new $db connection in the first for loop
} else if ( $pid ) { I bet a child closes the one you create after the for
loop while the parent is waiting in the foreach loop.
In your foreach when you wait for each child, can you $db-execute($stmt,
$data) AFTER you pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status) ? Just reverse the lines?
I think after the wait is when the child closes the connection (since I
suppose you are reusing the same connection), so it is already closed.
Regards,
Dwight
-Original Message-
From: Chris Verges [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, April 21, 2007 12:21 PM
To: php-db@lists.php.net
Subject: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
Hey all,
I'm writing a PHP script that queries a database for some records, splits
the records into N number of groups of equal size, and then creates N
number
of forks where each child handles one of the groups. During the execution
of each of the child processes, I'd like the parent process to update the
status of the job in the database.
The problem is regarding my database connection pre- and post- fork.
After
reading the pcntl_fork() page on the PHP manual, I realize that the child
process inherits the file descriptor, and if the child process closes the
connection, then it is closed in the parent process. So for each child
process (because I have more than one), I reinitialize the database link.
I
also reinitialize the database link for the parent process immediately
after
the fork.
However, when a child process finishes, it seems like the database link
that
I reinitialized in the parent process also disconnects. I thought a fork
copied the entire heap, and therefore would make two copies of the object
instances that would remain segmented for the life of the processes.
Changes made to one copy of the heap wouldn't affect others. However,
this
doesn't seem to be the case.
So at this point, my workaround is to wait until all of the child
processes
are finished, then re-initialize the database link, and give an updated
status message at the end rather than incrementally as child processes
finish.
Here's some proof-of-concept code that explains what I mean:
?php
/* Include PEAR::DB */
require_once('DB.php');
# Database table definition
# -
# CREATE TABLE `logs` (
# `message` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL
# );
/* Create the initial database connection for the parent process */
$dsn = 'mysql://test:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/testdb';
$db = DB::connect($dsn);
if ( PEAR::isError($db) ) {
die($db-getMessage() . \n);
}
/* This will be the common SQL statement for all inserts */
$sql = INSERT INTO `logs` (`message`) VALUES (?);;
$stmt = $db-prepare($sql);
/* Perform a DB update */
$data = array('Started parent process');
$db-execute($stmt, $data);
/* Create the child processes */
$childPids = array();
for ( $i = 0; $i 5; $i++ ) {
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ( $pid == -1 ) {
die(\nUnable to fork!\n);
} else if ( $pid ) {
/* Parent process */
echo Child process $pid created\n;
array_push($childPids, $pid);
} else {
/* Child process */
$myPid = posix_getpid();
/* Create a new database connection for the child process
*/
$db = DB::connect($dsn);
if ( PEAR::isError($db) ) {
die(\nChild process $myPid: . $db-getMessage()
.
\n . $db-getDebugInfo() . \n);
}
$data = array(Child process $myPid);
$stmt = $db-prepare($sql);
$db-execute($stmt, $data);
/* Add some latency for testing purposes */
sleep(5);
exit;
}
}
/* Create a new database connection for the parent process */
$db = DB::connect($dsn);
if ( PEAR::isError($db) ) {
die(\nParent process: . $db-getMessage() . \n .
$db-getDebugInfo() . \n);
}
/* Wait for the children to finish */
foreach ( $childPids as $pid ) {
$data = array(Parent process waiting on child process $pid);
$db-execute($stmt, $data);
pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status);
$data = array(Child process $pid is finished);
$db-execute($stmt, $data);
}
$data = array(Parent process is finished);
$db-execute($stmt, $data);
?
The command-line output of this code:
$ php forking-proof-of-concept.php
Child process 27012 created
Child process 27013 created
Child process 27014 created
Child process 27015 created
Child process 27016 created
Child process 27016: DB Error: unknown error
[nativecode=2013 ** Lost connection to MySQL
RE: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
Actually I suppose you need to loop with foreach to wait on all children
before attempting any $db-execute, then after your foreach loop, get your
$db and execute.
Regards,
Dwight
-Original Message-
From: Dwight Altman [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, April 23, 2007 10:09 AM
To: 'php-db@lists.php.net'
Subject: RE: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
http://php.he.net/manual/en/function.pcntl-fork.php says 'The reason for
the MySQL Lost Connection during query...' like what you concluded,
although they grab a new $db connection in the first for loop
} else if ( $pid ) { I bet a child closes the one you create after the
for loop while the parent is waiting in the foreach loop.
In your foreach when you wait for each child, can you $db-execute($stmt,
$data) AFTER you pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status) ? Just reverse the lines?
I think after the wait is when the child closes the connection (since I
suppose you are reusing the same connection), so it is already closed.
Regards,
Dwight
-Original Message-
From: Chris Verges [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, April 21, 2007 12:21 PM
To: php-db@lists.php.net
Subject: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
Hey all,
I'm writing a PHP script that queries a database for some records,
splits
the records into N number of groups of equal size, and then creates N
number
of forks where each child handles one of the groups. During the
execution
of each of the child processes, I'd like the parent process to update
the
status of the job in the database.
The problem is regarding my database connection pre- and post- fork.
After
reading the pcntl_fork() page on the PHP manual, I realize that the
child
process inherits the file descriptor, and if the child process closes
the
connection, then it is closed in the parent process. So for each child
process (because I have more than one), I reinitialize the database
link.
I
also reinitialize the database link for the parent process immediately
after
the fork.
However, when a child process finishes, it seems like the database link
that
I reinitialized in the parent process also disconnects. I thought a
fork
copied the entire heap, and therefore would make two copies of the
object
instances that would remain segmented for the life of the processes.
Changes made to one copy of the heap wouldn't affect others. However,
this
doesn't seem to be the case.
So at this point, my workaround is to wait until all of the child
processes
are finished, then re-initialize the database link, and give an updated
status message at the end rather than incrementally as child processes
finish.
Here's some proof-of-concept code that explains what I mean:
?php
/* Include PEAR::DB */
require_once('DB.php');
# Database table definition
# -
# CREATE TABLE `logs` (
# `message` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL
# );
/* Create the initial database connection for the parent process */
$dsn = 'mysql://test:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/testdb';
$db = DB::connect($dsn);
if ( PEAR::isError($db) ) {
die($db-getMessage() . \n);
}
/* This will be the common SQL statement for all inserts */
$sql = INSERT INTO `logs` (`message`) VALUES (?);;
$stmt = $db-prepare($sql);
/* Perform a DB update */
$data = array('Started parent process');
$db-execute($stmt, $data);
/* Create the child processes */
$childPids = array();
for ( $i = 0; $i 5; $i++ ) {
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ( $pid == -1 ) {
die(\nUnable to fork!\n);
} else if ( $pid ) {
/* Parent process */
echo Child process $pid created\n;
array_push($childPids, $pid);
} else {
/* Child process */
$myPid = posix_getpid();
/* Create a new database connection for the child
process
*/
$db = DB::connect($dsn);
if ( PEAR::isError($db) ) {
die(\nChild process $myPid: . $db-
getMessage()
.
\n . $db-getDebugInfo() . \n);
}
$data = array(Child process $myPid);
$stmt = $db-prepare($sql);
$db-execute($stmt, $data);
/* Add some latency for testing purposes */
sleep(5);
exit;
}
}
/* Create a new database connection for the parent process */
$db = DB::connect($dsn);
if ( PEAR::isError($db) ) {
die(\nParent process: . $db-getMessage() . \n .
$db-getDebugInfo() . \n);
}
/* Wait for the children to finish */
foreach ( $childPids as $pid ) {
$data = array(Parent process waiting on child process $pid);
$db-execute($stmt, $data);
pcntl_waitpid($pid,
Re: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
Hey Dwight,
Thanks for the replies! When the first child thread closes, all of the DB
connections seem to close. That is, the $db-execute() statements will fail
in the child threads after the first child thread closes. It's almost as
though separate connections are not being made, but they are instead sharing
the same connection. This would make sense if persistent connection pooling
was enabled, but I assumed there to be a garbage collection mechanism in
place to avoid prematurely closing a persistent connection if multiple
resources are using it.
Again, thanks for the help! Any other ideas on what might be wrong, or
should I open a bug against it?
Thanks!
Chris
On 4/23/07 8:12 AM, Dwight Altman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Actually I suppose you need to loop with foreach to wait on all children
before attempting any $db-execute, then after your foreach loop, get your
$db and execute.
Regards,
Dwight
-Original Message-
From: Dwight Altman [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, April 23, 2007 10:09 AM
To: 'php-db@lists.php.net'
Subject: RE: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
http://php.he.net/manual/en/function.pcntl-fork.php says 'The reason for
the MySQL Lost Connection during query...' like what you concluded,
although they grab a new $db connection in the first for loop
} else if ( $pid ) { I bet a child closes the one you create after the
for loop while the parent is waiting in the foreach loop.
In your foreach when you wait for each child, can you $db-execute($stmt,
$data) AFTER you pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status) ? Just reverse the lines?
I think after the wait is when the child closes the connection (since I
suppose you are reusing the same connection), so it is already closed.
Regards,
Dwight
-Original Message-
From: Chris Verges [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, April 21, 2007 12:21 PM
To: php-db@lists.php.net
Subject: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
Hey all,
I'm writing a PHP script that queries a database for some records,
splits
the records into N number of groups of equal size, and then creates N
number
of forks where each child handles one of the groups. During the
execution
of each of the child processes, I'd like the parent process to update
the
status of the job in the database.
The problem is regarding my database connection pre- and post- fork.
After
reading the pcntl_fork() page on the PHP manual, I realize that the
child
process inherits the file descriptor, and if the child process closes
the
connection, then it is closed in the parent process. So for each child
process (because I have more than one), I reinitialize the database
link.
I
also reinitialize the database link for the parent process immediately
after
the fork.
However, when a child process finishes, it seems like the database link
that
I reinitialized in the parent process also disconnects. I thought a
fork
copied the entire heap, and therefore would make two copies of the
object
instances that would remain segmented for the life of the processes.
Changes made to one copy of the heap wouldn't affect others. However,
this
doesn't seem to be the case.
So at this point, my workaround is to wait until all of the child
processes
are finished, then re-initialize the database link, and give an updated
status message at the end rather than incrementally as child processes
finish.
Here's some proof-of-concept code that explains what I mean:
?php
/* Include PEAR::DB */
require_once('DB.php');
# Database table definition
# -
# CREATE TABLE `logs` (
# `message` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL
# );
/* Create the initial database connection for the parent process */
$dsn = 'mysql://test:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/testdb';
$db = DB::connect($dsn);
if ( PEAR::isError($db) ) {
die($db-getMessage() . \n);
}
/* This will be the common SQL statement for all inserts */
$sql = INSERT INTO `logs` (`message`) VALUES (?);;
$stmt = $db-prepare($sql);
/* Perform a DB update */
$data = array('Started parent process');
$db-execute($stmt, $data);
/* Create the child processes */
$childPids = array();
for ( $i = 0; $i 5; $i++ ) {
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ( $pid == -1 ) {
die(\nUnable to fork!\n);
} else if ( $pid ) {
/* Parent process */
echo Child process $pid created\n;
array_push($childPids, $pid);
} else {
/* Child process */
$myPid = posix_getpid();
/* Create a new database connection for the child
process
*/
$db = DB::connect($dsn);
if ( PEAR::isError($db) ) {
die(\nChild process $myPid: . $db-
getMessage()
.
\n . $db-getDebugInfo() . \n);
}
$data = array(Child process
[PHP-DB] PDO prepared statements sometimes returns empty resultset
Hi,
I'm trying to get some data form a MySQL db using PDO and prepared
statement, but I noticed that sometimes it fetches an empty result set,
but sometimes does what it's supposed to do - returns the whole result set.
The environment is WinXP SP2 Home, Apache 2.2.4, PHP 5.2.1 and MySQL 5.0.27.
Here is some code:
$db = new PDO(
'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=name_of_db',
'user_name',
'password',
array (
PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT = true
)
);
$db-query('SET CHARACTER SET utf8');
$stmt = $db-prepare(CALL sp_get_all_currencies(:lang_id));
$stmt-bindValue(':lang_id', $currenctLanguageId, PDO::PARAM_INT);
$stmt-execute();
$currencies = $stmt-fetchAll();
So here, $currencies sometimes is an empty array, and after a refresh of
the browser it populates.
I also noticed that it works ok with $db-query(), but query doesn't
have that fancy param binding (I think).
Is there some caching or something... Is this a bug in PHP or I'm not
getting the picture right?
Regards,
Emil Ivanov
--
PHP Database Mailing List (http://www.php.net/)
To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php
RE: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
Good point. Anything (children or parent) sharing the connection will get
it closed on them. I was looking up persistent connections, then I thought
you could just address the way you used the pcntl_* functions.
I use mysql_* directly (where mysql_connect Opens or reuses a connection to
a MySQL server.), so you may need to look into PEAR::DB for persistent
connections.
Where in your code does it say you are using persistent connections? I
haven't had the need to use them yet.
For instance mysql_pconnect (the persistent counterpart) says Second, the
connection to the SQL server will not be closed when the execution of the
script ends.
If you are using the PEAR::DB persistent connection as documented, then I'd
open a bug report. Again, I haven't used them.
Regards,
Dwight
-Original Message-
From: Chris Verges [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, April 23, 2007 12:01 PM
To: Dwight Altman; php-db@lists.php.net
Subject: Re: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
Hey Dwight,
Thanks for the replies! When the first child thread closes, all of the DB
connections seem to close. That is, the $db-execute() statements will
fail
in the child threads after the first child thread closes. It's almost as
though separate connections are not being made, but they are instead
sharing
the same connection. This would make sense if persistent connection
pooling
was enabled, but I assumed there to be a garbage collection mechanism in
place to avoid prematurely closing a persistent connection if multiple
resources are using it.
Again, thanks for the help! Any other ideas on what might be wrong, or
should I open a bug against it?
Thanks!
Chris
On 4/23/07 8:12 AM, Dwight Altman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Actually I suppose you need to loop with foreach to wait on all children
before attempting any $db-execute, then after your foreach loop, get
your
$db and execute.
Regards,
Dwight
-Original Message-
From: Dwight Altman [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Monday, April 23, 2007 10:09 AM
To: 'php-db@lists.php.net'
Subject: RE: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
http://php.he.net/manual/en/function.pcntl-fork.php says 'The reason
for
the MySQL Lost Connection during query...' like what you concluded,
although they grab a new $db connection in the first for loop
} else if ( $pid ) { I bet a child closes the one you create after
the
for loop while the parent is waiting in the foreach loop.
In your foreach when you wait for each child, can you $db-
execute($stmt,
$data) AFTER you pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status) ? Just reverse the
lines?
I think after the wait is when the child closes the connection (since I
suppose you are reusing the same connection), so it is already closed.
Regards,
Dwight
-Original Message-
From: Chris Verges [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Sent: Saturday, April 21, 2007 12:21 PM
To: php-db@lists.php.net
Subject: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
Hey all,
I'm writing a PHP script that queries a database for some records,
splits
the records into N number of groups of equal size, and then creates N
number
of forks where each child handles one of the groups. During the
execution
of each of the child processes, I'd like the parent process to update
the
status of the job in the database.
The problem is regarding my database connection pre- and post- fork.
After
reading the pcntl_fork() page on the PHP manual, I realize that the
child
process inherits the file descriptor, and if the child process closes
the
connection, then it is closed in the parent process. So for each
child
process (because I have more than one), I reinitialize the database
link.
I
also reinitialize the database link for the parent process immediately
after
the fork.
However, when a child process finishes, it seems like the database
link
that
I reinitialized in the parent process also disconnects. I thought a
fork
copied the entire heap, and therefore would make two copies of the
object
instances that would remain segmented for the life of the processes.
Changes made to one copy of the heap wouldn't affect others. However,
this
doesn't seem to be the case.
So at this point, my workaround is to wait until all of the child
processes
are finished, then re-initialize the database link, and give an
updated
status message at the end rather than incrementally as child processes
finish.
Here's some proof-of-concept code that explains what I mean:
?php
/* Include PEAR::DB */
require_once('DB.php');
# Database table definition
# -
# CREATE TABLE `logs` (
# `message` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL
# );
/* Create the initial database connection for the parent process */
$dsn = 'mysql://test:[EMAIL PROTECTED]/testdb';
$db = DB::connect($dsn);
if ( PEAR::isError($db) ) {
[PHP-DB] Is there any I can do to copy data from a mysql database to access database?
I have a mysql database and would like to be able to copy the data from that to my access database. If there something that is freeware to do this? Or maybe someone has some code that might do this for me? Thanks in advanced. Steve -- PHP Database Mailing List (http://www.php.net/) To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php
RE: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
To use a PEAR::DB persistent connection, try $db = DB::connect($dsn, TRUE); or $db = DB::connect($dsn, true); Googled for pear::db persistent connection and got http://vulcanonet.com/soft/?pack=pear_tut Regards, Dwight -Original Message- From: Dwight Altman [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Where in your code does it say you are using persistent connections? -- PHP Database Mailing List (http://www.php.net/) To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php
Re: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
Hey Dwight,
After getting your first e-mail, I started adding the PEAR::DB persistent
connection code. Unfortunately, it yielded the same results that I was
getting before.
At a hunch, I created a second proof-of-concept script that uses the mysql_*
functions in the PHP base. For each of these, I set the $new_link parameter
in the mysql_connect() function to true. As it turns out, the primary $db
link that was originally created in the parent process *is* destroyed when
the first child process closes -- this makes sense, however. If I re-create
that thread after spawning all the child processes, though, it works
beautifully!
So it looks like this is a bug with PEAR::DB in handling persistent
connections across forked processes. I'll go ahead and file it with the
PEAR::DB folk and include the two scripts in the bug request.
Again, thanks for your help! It was really beneficial to have a second set
of eyes and a sounding board for getting through this problem.
In case anyone wants the second proof-of-concept script:
?php
# Database table definition
# -
# CREATE TABLE `logs` (
# `message` VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL
# );
/* Create the initial database connection for the parent process */
$db = mysql_connect('localhost', 'test', 'test', true);
mysql_select_db('testdb', $db);
/* Perform a DB update */
mysql_query(INSERT INTO `logs` (`message`) VALUES ('Started parent
process'), $db);
/* Create the child processes */
$childPids = array();
for ( $i = 0; $i 5; $i++ ) {
$pid = pcntl_fork();
if ( $pid == -1 ) {
die(\nUnable to fork!\n);
} else if ( $pid ) {
/* Parent process */
echo Child process $pid created\n;
array_push($childPids, $pid);
} else {
/* Child process */
$myPid = posix_getpid();
/* Create a new database connection for the child process */
$db2 = mysql_connect('localhost', 'test', 'test', true);
mysql_select_db('testdb', $db2);
mysql_query(INSERT INTO `logs` (`message`) VALUES ('Child
process $myPid started'), $db2);
/* Add some latency for testing purposes */
sleep(5);
mysql_query(INSERT INTO `logs` (`message`) VALUES ('Child
process $myPid ended'), $db2);
exit;
}
}
$db3 = mysql_connect('localhost', 'test', 'test', true);
mysql_select_db('testdb', $db3);
/* Wait for the children to finish */
foreach ( $childPids as $pid ) {
$msg = Parent process waiting on child process $pid;
echo $msg . \n;
mysql_query(INSERT INTO `logs` (`message`) VALUES ('$msg'), $db3);
pcntl_waitpid($pid, $status);
$msg = Parent process detected child process $pid is finished;
echo $msg . \n;
mysql_query(INSERT INTO `logs` (`message`) VALUES ('$msg'), $db3);
}
mysql_query(INSERT INTO `logs` (`message`) VALUES ('Parent process is
finished'), $db3);
?
Thanks!
Chris
On 4/23/07 10:43 AM, Dwight Altman [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
To use a PEAR::DB persistent connection, try
$db = DB::connect($dsn, TRUE);
or
$db = DB::connect($dsn, true);
Googled for pear::db persistent connection and got
http://vulcanonet.com/soft/?pack=pear_tut
Regards,
Dwight
-Original Message-
From: Dwight Altman [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
Where in your code does it say you are using persistent connections?
--
PHP Database Mailing List (http://www.php.net/)
To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php
Re: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
For anyone interested in following the progress of this forking/PEAR::DB issue, see http://pear.php.net/bugs/bug.php?id=10813. Thanks, Chris -- PHP Database Mailing List (http://www.php.net/) To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php
RE: [PHP-DB] Forking and database connections
Glad to help. I was actually interested in your post because of forking versus threading. I still haven't found anything except for PHP-GTK but it may help your database related performance if it is added/exists in PHP. Regards, Dwight -Original Message- From: Chris Verges [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Again, thanks for your help! It was really beneficial to have a second set of eyes and a sounding board for getting through this problem. -- PHP Database Mailing List (http://www.php.net/) To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php
Re: [PHP-DB] Is there any I can do to copy data from a mysql database to access database?
There is a tool in Access that can connect an access database to any type of database [via ODBC]. It can be used as a table, so you can make all query rigth the way as other table. i'm sorry but i don't remember the tool name. Hope this will help. 2007/4/23, Steve Smith [EMAIL PROTECTED]: I have a mysql database and would like to be able to copy the data from that to my access database. If there something that is freeware to do this? Or maybe someone has some code that might do this for me? Thanks in advanced. Steve -- PHP Database Mailing List (http://www.php.net/) To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php -- Samel alias Luca Close the world,txen eht nepo! You will never break my mind! -- PHP Database Mailing List (http://www.php.net/) To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php
[PHP-DB] SELECT string
I am looking for help to write a SELECT syntax to help me process a directory searching query tool I am developing. If you start at http://www.actsministrieschristianevangelism.org/ministrydirectory/ and under 'Step 1:' click Business a form is displayed. My question is how would you generate the SELECT syntax for the search results Could Include a given category and Must Include a given category based on what the user has inputted through this form? Ron
Re: [PHP-DB] SELECT string
cmiiw.. since i don't the visual what u said bellow - Original Message - From: Ron Piggott [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: PHP DB php-db@lists.php.net Sent: Tuesday, April 24, 2007 11:31 AM Subject: [PHP-DB] SELECT string I am looking for help to write a SELECT syntax to help me process a directory searching query tool I am developing. you have a dir like this?? root -include -main -body --admin --user u want to search a file inside the dir? why don't you create a function that read inside the dir and return query for insert as database 1. read all file inside 2. create an insert query 3. refresh the query (repair the table?) and then.. u can use select but target it to the database not the directory If you start at http://www.actsministrieschristianevangelism.org/ministrydirectory/ and under 'Step 1:' click Business a form is displayed. My question is how would you generate the SELECT syntax for the search results Could Include a given category and Must Include a given must include?? require u mean? category based on what the user has inputted through this form? Ron -- PHP Database Mailing List (http://www.php.net/) To unsubscribe, visit: http://www.php.net/unsub.php
