Leipzig Python User Group - Meeting, March 16 2006, 8:00pm
= Leipzig Python User Group = Second Meeting Thursday, March 16 2006 -- We will meet on March 16 at 8:00pm at the training center of Python Academy, Zur Schule 20, 04158 Leipzig; Germany (How to get there: http://www.python-academy.com/LE-Snakes/center/find.html). The Leipzig Python User Group, or LE-Snakes, was founded at our first meeting in February. We will meet regularly every second Tuesday of the month. Since this date will be the second to the last day of CeBIT (14.03.2006) we decided to postpone the date for two days. Food and soft drinks are provided. Please send a short confirmation mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED], so we can prepare appropriately. Stefan Schwarzer will talk about the application of CherryPy (http://www.cherrypy.org) sprechen. Quote from the CherryPy-Homepage: CherryPy is a pythonic, object-oriented web development framework. Everybody who uses Python, plans to do so or is interested in learning more about the language is encouraged to participate. While the meeting language will be mainly German, English speakers are very welcome. We will provide English interpretation if needed. Current information about the meetings can always be found at http://www.python-academy.com/LE-Snakes/index.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
RPyC 2.40
hello pythoneers, last week i released RPyC 2.40 -- http://rpyc.sf.net -- but didnt have time to announce it. also, i updated the site and added sections. i'm not going to repeat the code snippet from the previous release (2.32), you can see full demos on the site. so, of course this release adds many internal changes and (a very few) bugfixes, but the reason i announce it is the new feature added: direct execution of code on the remote side. previously, you had to distribute modules (files) over to the server's side, in order to have remote code, but with the new `execute` method, you can do it with ease. = from Rpyc import SocketConnection c = SocketConnection(somehost) c.execute(something = 9) c.execute(print something) c.execute( def f(name): print hello %s, something is %r % (name, something) ) = and of course you can use the objects you named, via the `namespace`: = c.namespace.something = 28 c.namespace.f(lucy) = that's just a code snippet. see the site and demos (demo-6.py) for much more info. note: this mechanism allows you to embed remote code into your local code, so you dont have to maintain two different files. it should be used when you write ONE module that has two aspects to it (remote code and local code). but dont go and embed different modules into each other -- use it properly. if your scenario calls for two modules, use two modules. don't use shortcuts. and as always, enjoy. -tomer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-announce-list Support the Python Software Foundation: http://www.python.org/psf/donations.html
ANN: pyregex 0.5
pyregex is a command line tools for constructing and testing Python's
regular _expression_. Features includes text highlighting, detail break
down of match groups, substitution and a syntax quick reference. It is
released in the public domain.
Screenshot and download from http://tungwaiyip.info/software/pyregex.html.
Wai Yip Tung
Usage: pyregex.py [options] -|filename regex [replacement [count]]
Test Python regular expressions. Specify test data's filename or use -
to enter test text from console. Optionally specify a replacement text.
Options:
-f filter mode
-n nnn limit to examine the first nnn lines. default no limit.
-m show only matched line. default False
Regular _expression_ Syntax
Special Characters
. matches any character except a newline
^ matches the start of the string
$ matches the end of the string or just before the newline at the end of
the string
* matches 0 or more repetitions of the preceding RE
+ matches 1 or more repetitions of the preceding RE
? matches 0 or 1 repetitions of the preceding RE
{m} exactly m copies of the previous RE should be matched
{m,n} matches from m to n repetitions of the preceding RE
\ either escapes special characters or signals a special sequence
[] indicate a set of characters. Characters can be listed individually,
or a range of characters can be indicated by giving two characters and
separating them by a -. Special characters are not active inside sets
Including a ^ as the first character match the complement of the set
| A|B matches either A or B
(...) indicates the start and end of a group
(?...) this is an extension notation. See documentation for detail
(?iLmsux) I ignorecase; L locale; M multiline; S dotall; U unicode; X verbose
*, +, ? and {m,n} are greedy. Append the ? qualifier to match non-greedily.
Special Sequences
\number matches the contents of the group of the same number. Groups are
numbered starting from 1
\A matches only at the start of the string
\b matches the empty string at the beginning or end of a word
\B matches the empty string not at the beginning or end of a word
\d matches any decimal digit
\D matches any non-digit character
\gnameuse the substring matched by the group named 'name' for sub()
\s matches any whitespace character
\S matches any non-whitespace character
\w matches any alphanumeric character and the underscore
\W matches any non-alphanumeric character
\Z matches only at the end of the string
See the Python documentation on Regular _expression_ Syntax for more detail
http://docs.python.org/lib/re-syntax.html
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Re: embedding Python: how to avoid memory leaks?
Torsten Bronger wrote: I couldn't get the PyRun_*File* calls to work on Windows, presumably because of the FILE* problem mentioned in the docs. Well, I don't really *know*, but it's hard to believe to me that the file descriptor format changed within the Microsoft product series. The layout of the FILE type indeed didn't change. However, passing FILE* across different versions of msvcrt will still crash; google for details. In particular, if you build an application with VC6, it will be linked with msvcrt4.dll. If you combine this with Python 2.4 (which is linked with msvcr71.dll), you cannot use PyRun_*File*. Regards, Martin -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Simple questions on use of objects (probably faq)
Michael [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Based on the code that runs, you want* this: [(y[x+1].x-y[x].x) for x in range(len(y)-1) ] Yes. Since personally I find that a lot clearer than: map(float.__sub__, [X.x for X in y[1:]], [X.x for X in y[:-1] ]) Me too. -- Brian (remove the sport for mail) http://www.et.web.mek.dtu.dk/Staff/be/be.html http://www.rugbyklubben-speed.dk -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Simple questions on use of objects (probably faq)
Steven D'Aprano [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: With this method in the class, your solution is easier than ever: Nice solution. -- Brian (remove the sport for mail) http://www.et.web.mek.dtu.dk/Staff/be/be.html http://www.rugbyklubben-speed.dk -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: creating variable in root namespace from module
MakaMaka wrote: Hi, I have a scope related question that I haven't been able to find an answer to anywhere. Is there a way to have a function in an imported module add variables to the scope of the calling script? Basically, can I have the following: #root.py import some_module.py some_module.afunction() # == create a variable x1=1 and add it to the scope of root.py print x1 # == would print 1 I know this can be accomplished by passing the what globals() returns into the function; however, I'm wondering if there is a way to do this without passing anything to the function. There are clever technical ways to do this, but what's the use case? There's almost certainly a better way to accomplish what you want. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC/Ltd www.holdenweb.com Love me, love my blog holdenweb.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: How to pop random item from a list?
marduk wrote: item = mylist.pop(random.randint(0,len(mylist))) This is broken because randint(a, b) may return b. I prefer randrange(len(mylist)) over randint(0, len(mylist)-1) as a fix. Peter -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Evangelism
...In any case, I'm sure Django was a great musician, but theproduct needs a better name to have any chance of displacing Rails. |oug Yes he was an amazing guitarist. If you ever listen to his stuff, keep in mind he had 2 working fingers on his fret hand, and ripping on a guitar that would be considered impossible to play by todays standards. When I saw Django as a python based web framework, I got a positive vibe from the name of it. But then I'm also a guitarist. -- Thomas G. Willis---http://i-see-sound.comhttp://tomwillis.sonicdiscord.com America, still more rights than North Korea -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Password entering system
I want to write a GUI program (Preferably in Tkinter) that will allow for the entering of passwords, stared out like a normal program does. Is that possible? Thanks! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
API/C memory mananegemnt problem
Hi everybody,
I have a problem with Python/C API and memory management.
I'm using
Python 2.3.5 (#1, Jan 4 2006, 16:44:27)
[GCC 4.0.2 20050901 (prerelease) (SUSE Linux)] on linux2
In my C-module I have a loop like this:
***
int size=1000;
output=(double *) calloc(size, sizeof(double));
py_output=PyList_New(0);
for(i=0; isize; i++){
tmp=PyFloat_FromDouble(output[i]);
PyList_Append(py_output, tmp);
}
free(outout);
return py_output;
***
It returns to python module a (very large) list.
Problem: when I delete the list in python module (with python del statement)
not all memory is relased.
It look like all 1000 tmp PyFloat allocated in C code
remain stored in memory.
Somebody can help me?
Thanks.
marco
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Re: First script, please comment and advise
Pedro Graca wrote:
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
My version is similar to Just one:
from random import shuffle
def scramble_text(text):
Return the words in input text string scrambled
except for the first and last letter.
def scramble_word(word):
Nice. You can have functions inside functions.
However I think scramble_word() deserves being a callable function by
itself.
Can a sub-function be called directly from outside the defining
function?
directly, no, but since Python's functions are objects, you can return
a function from another function. The nice thing is that the inner
function will carry it's environnement along (it's called a closure).
def make_adder(add_val=1):
def adder(num):
return num + add_val
return adder
add1 = make_adder()
add1(42)
add42 = make_adder(42)
add42(3)
--
bruno desthuilliers
python -c print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])
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Re: Python Evangelism
Magnus Lycka wrote: They do this on purpose in the U.S. A country full of religious fanatics, where it's impossible to be elected president unless you claim that you are a devoted Christian and say God bless America every time you open your mouth. Maybe Pythonistas should make a cultural investment in emergent markets? http://www.khandro.net/mysterious_naga.htm Kay -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: API/C memory mananegemnt problem
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
In my C-module I have a loop like this:
***
int size=1000;
output=(double *) calloc(size, sizeof(double));
py_output=PyList_New(0);
for(i=0; isize; i++){
tmp=PyFloat_FromDouble(output[i]);
PyList_Append(py_output, tmp);
Py_DECREF(tmp); // append adds a reference
}
free(outout);
return py_output;
or with proper error handling:
int size=1000;
output=(double *) calloc(size, sizeof(double));
if (!output) {
PyErr_NoMemory();
return NULL;
}
py_output=PyList_New(0);
if (!py_output)
goto error;
for(i=0; isize; i++){
tmp=PyFloat_FromDouble(output[i]);
if (!tmp)
goto error;
if (PyList_Append(py_output, tmp) 0)
goto error;
Py_DECREF(tmp);
}
free(outout);
return py_output;
error:
Py_XDECREF(py_output);
free(output);
return NULL;
or optimized for speed:
...
py_output = PyList_New(size);
if (!py_output)
goto error;
for (i = 0; i size; i++) {
tmp = PyFloat_FromDouble(output[i]);
if (!tmp)
goto error;
PyList_SET_ITEM(py_output, tmp);
// don't decref here
}
...
hope this helps!
/F
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Why python doesn't use syntax like function(, , x) for default parameters?
I mean, it's very convenient when default parameters can be in any position, like def a_func(x = 2, y = 1, z): ... (that defaults must go last is really a C++ quirk which is needed for overload resolution, isn't it?) and when calling, just omit parameter when you want to use defaults: a_func(, , 3) There are often situations when a function has independent parameters, all having reasonable defaults, and I want to provide just several of them. In fact, I can do it using keyword parameters, but it's rather long and you have to remember/lookup names of parameters. Is there some contradiction in python syntax which disallows an easy implementation of this feature, or just nobody bothered with this? If former is the case, please show me why, because I badly need this feature in embedded python app (for compatibility with other language that uses such syntax) and might venture to implement it myself, so don't want to waste time if it's gonna break something. Or maybe it might be an idea for enhancement proposal? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: embedding Python: how to avoid memory leaks?
Hallo, I couldn't get the PyRun_*File* calls to work on Windows, presumably because of the FILE* problem mentioned in the docs. Which compiler do you use? MSVC++ (version 6 from memory -- I do most of my development on the Mac and fire up Virtual PC occasionally to test Win builds). Well, I don't really *know*, but it's hard to believe to me that the file descriptor format changed within the Microsoft product series. Yes it is hard to believe but true. Even debug and release versions have incompatible file pointer. It's not possible to pass af FILE* from a debug app to the embedded release python.dll. A workaround is to create the FILE* with the python api functions and pass this pointer back to python. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
API/C memory mananegemnt problem
Thank for your help.
I have try to follow your suggestion but I seem to fail.
Now my C-module (call it C_Core) code is:
***
/* create_list function */
int size=1000;
output=(double *) calloc(size, sizeof(double));
py_output=PyList_New(0);
for(i=0; isize; i++){
tmp=PyFloat_FromDouble(output[i]);
PyList_Append(py_output, tmp);
Py_DECREF(tmp); // append adds a reference
}
free(outout);
return py_output;
**
with del statement all memory is relased, but I have a malformed list.
In python shell:
# Call C function an create a list
alfa=C_Core.create_list()
# check the list
len(alfa)
1000
# OK
alfa[1]
Segmentation fault
On the other size your last option with
PyList_SET_ITEM(py_output, tmp) statement
is quick, but I have still memory problem.
Any idea?
Thank a lot
marco
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Re: Python Evangelism
Kay Schluehr wrote: Magnus Lycka wrote: They do this on purpose in the U.S. A country full of religious fanatics, where it's impossible to be elected president unless you claim that you are a devoted Christian and say God bless America every time you open your mouth. Maybe Pythonistas should make a cultural investment in emergent markets? http://www.khandro.net/mysterious_naga.htm I notice the above page mentions Glykon - see also http://www.livius.org/gi-gr/glykon/glykon.html I think that Glykon should be invited to be the sponsoring divinity for PyCon next year. I hear that worship of pagan gods is, like everything else, bigger in Texas. Tim C -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why python doesn't use syntax like function(, , x) for default parameters?
Dmitry Anikin wrote: Is there some contradiction in python syntax which disallows an easy implementation of this feature, or just nobody bothered with this? If former is the case, please show me why, because I badly need this feature in embedded python app (for compatibility with other language that uses such syntax) and might venture to implement it myself, so don't want to waste time if it's gonna break something. I think you would find it hard to implement exactly that in Python. Of course what you can do easily enough is invent a magic 'missing' value and map Python calls of: a_func(missing, missing, 3) to a call of: a_func(,,3) in your other language. It seems to me though that writing: a_func(z=3) ought to be clearer to anyone reading the code, especially when you come back to your code in 6 months time and find: b_func(,,,12) Remember Python is a dynamic language, so the compiler cannot tell which function you are actually calling. In a statically bound language parameter defaults are often restricted to constant values and the default values are simply inserted in place of any missing arguments when the call is compiled. That isn't possible in Python, so the interpreter has to insert the missing values when you actually make the call. The code to do that is complex enough with the current restrictions. To allow arbitrary arguments to be defaulted, I think you would have to add a new magic value to represent a missing parameter, make the compiler pass that in place of any omitted positional parameters, and then make the function call code check all parameters to see if they are missing values and if so substitute the actual default. It would be possible, but it doesn't really give you any additional power since you can already do that in the cases where you need it by using keyword arguments or by passing an explicit value to mean 'replace this parameter by some other canned value'. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Help with a reverse dictionary lookup
rh0dium wrote:
Hi all,
I have a dict which looks like this..
dict={'130nm': {'umc': ['1p6m_1.2-3.3_fsg_ms']},
'180nm': {'chartered': ['2p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_ms'], 'tsmc':
['1p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_log', '1p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_ms']},
'250nm': {'umc': ['2p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_ms'], 'tsmc':
['1p6m_2.2-3.5_sal_log', '1p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_ms']}
}
For clarification:
130nm,180nm,250nm refer to Nodes
tsmc,chartered,umc refer to Foundries
1p6m..blah, 2p6m..blah refer to Process
I want a function which can do this:
nodes = getNodes()
should return a list [130nm,180nm,250nm]
nodes = getNodes(Foundry=umc)
should return a list [130nm,250nm]
nodes = getNodes(Process=2p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_ms)
should return a list [180nm,250nm]
nodes = getNodes(Foundry=umc, Process=2p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_ms)
should return a list [250nm]
nodes = getNodes(Foundry=foo, Process=2p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_ms)
should return None
Obviously I want to extend this to Each area ( i.e., getFoundry(),
getProcess() ) but I can do that. I just don't know how to easily do
this reverse kind of look up? Can someone help me on this?
Not tested:
import pprint
data={
'130nm': {
'umc': ['1p6m_1.2-3.3_fsg_ms']
},
'180nm': {
'chartered': ['2p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_ms'],
'tsmc': ['1p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_log', '1p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_ms']
},
'250nm': {
'umc': ['2p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_ms'],
'tsmc':['1p6m_2.2-3.5_sal_log', '1p6m_1.8-3.3_sal_ms']
}
}
# --
class DataFinder(object):
def __init__(self, data):
self._data = data
self._nodes = data.keys()
self._foundries_nodes = {}
self._procs_nodes = {}
self._procs_foundries = {}
for node, foundries in data.items():
for foundry, procs in foundries.items():
self._foundries_nodes.setdefault(foundry,
[]).append(node)
for proc in procs:
self._procs_nodes.setdefault(proc, []).append(node)
self._procs_foundries.setdefault(proc,
[]).append(foundry)
self._foundries = self._foundries_nodes.keys()
self._procs = self._procs_foundries.keys()
# --
# API
# --
def get_nodes(foundry=None, process=None):
if foundry is None and process is None:
return self._nodes[:]
if process is None:
return self._get_nodes_for_foundry(foundry)
if foundry is None:
return self._get_nodes_for_proc(proc)
return self._get_nodes_for_foundry_and_proc(foundry, proc)
def get_foundries(node=None, process=None):
if node is None and process is None:
return self._foundries[:]
if process is None:
return self._get_foundries_for_node(node)
if node is None:
return self._get_foundries_for_proc(node)
return self._get_foundries_for_node_and_proc(node, proc)
# TODO : get_procs
#---
# IMPL
# --
def _get_foundries_for_node(self, node):
return self._foundries_nodes.get(node)
def _get_foundries_for_proc(self, proc):
return self._procs_foundries.get(proc)
def _get_foundries_for_node_and_proc(self, node, proc):
return list(set(self._get_foundries_for_node(node))
set(self._get_foundries_for_proc(proc)))
# --
def _get_nodes_for_foundry(self, foundry):
return self._foundries_nodes.get(foundry)
def _get_nodes_for_proc(self, proc):
return self._procs_nodes.get(proc)
def _get_nodes_for_foundry_and_proc(self, foundry, proc):
return list(set(self._get_nodes_for_foundry(foundry))
set(self._get_nodes_for_proc(proc)))
# --
# MISC
# --
def _inspect(self):
ft = pprint.pformat
s =
---
+ data :
%s
+ foundries_nodes :
%s
+ procs_nodes :
%s
+ procs_foundries :
%s
% (ft(self._data),
ft(self._foundries_nodes),
ft(self._procs_nodes),
ft(self._procs_foundries)
)
print s
HTH
--
bruno desthuilliers
python -c print '@'.join(['.'.join([w[::-1] for w in p.split('.')]) for
p in '[EMAIL PROTECTED]'.split('@')])
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Embedded Python
Hi Is it possible to execute a whole script using the C API function PyRun_String? At moment I load the script into a buffer. Then I get each line of the script and pass it PyRun_String. This seems very inefficient. It would be more efficient if I could pass the complete string buffer to PyRun_String and execute the script as a whole -- Best Regards John -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Evangelism
Magnus Lycka wrote: rtilley wrote: I think it's the name. Python. Let's change it to something nicer. Think about it... if you found a Ruby, you'd pick it up and put it in your pocket. If you ran across a Python, you'd run away. I think you have a point, but I also think it's a bit late to change it after 15 years or so, considering all books, web sites etc. We're stuck with Python, and can only do the best of that. Actually, in Swedish, Jag mår pyton i.e. I feel like python means I feel sick, and det luktar pyton i.e. it smells python, means it stinks. That doesn't make Python easier to sell here... Still to late to change... In Finnish ajaa käärme pyssyyn (force a snake into a rifle) means doing something almost impossible. If you have to put a snake into a rifle, try Python - a bite does not kill you. So it works both ways. I think a good example on the problem with letting techies like us do naming is that grand successor of Unix developed by the great minds at Bell Labs. First, they name it after a movie which is famous for being exceptionally bad--Plan 9 (from outer space). Really grand company there! Then, when they make a real product of it, they call it Inferno, and some part of it gets called Limbo. Inferno - the Lamborghini Diablo of operating systems What is the problem here? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Embedded Python
John Dean wrote: Is it possible to execute a whole script using the C API function PyRun_String? At moment I load the script into a buffer. Then I get each line of the script and pass it PyRun_String. This seems very inefficient. It would be more efficient if I could pass the complete string buffer to PyRun_String and execute the script as a whole so why don't you try it? ;-) /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Evangelism
It's not too late to rename the cheese shop though. (We don't need even more stink...) What kind of cheese do you guys eat anyway ;-) It's not the names that are the problem as far as markleing goes - they are not dull names, which means they won't be forgotten. This is a good thing! As is the humour - who amongst us are going to forget where the repository for community projects are? Unlike RubyJewels, RubyBaubles or whatever ;-) As long as the names are memorable, marketing isn't an issue if it want's to be done. For example the famous British inventors Wallace and Gromit could be asked to endorse Python, (Look Gromit - a Cheese shop!). And there is a successful web-based credit card called an Egg card. A Python is a good powerful image to have associated with the language. What does Ruby say? That the language is pretty? And Perl? Misleading advertising there then ;-) Ever seen a Python? Powerful, elegant, and can digest just about anything you can feed it... good image I reckon! I'm obviously not suggesting we do such a thing, just pointing out a couple of things: 1) There's nothing wrong with the names we've got. 2) Some people on this newsgroup need to clean their fridges out more often! -- Ant... -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Evangelism
On Thu, 9 Mar 2006 19:33:38 -0500 Thomas G. Willis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On 3/9/06, Terry Hancock [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: On Thu, 9 Mar 2006 10:33:12 -0500 Thomas G. Willis [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I get particulalry annoyed now with linux when I start up synaptic and my choices are cluttered with several programs who might help me in some way, but the only difference described in the description is that they were implemented in language XXX. I don't really consider that a choice, it's more noise than anything. Well, it's a matter of audience. I like to know what language programs are written in because I might want to modify them, and I don't feel equally confident in every language. A program written in C is less open to me personally than one written in Python (even though C is something I have used). A program written in Lisp or Prolog might as well be closed source for my purposes -- I'd have as much luck begging the developers to make changes as to attempt them myself. This is a non-issue for programs that already just work, which is why a utility like bittorrent needn't bother advertising its language. It also can be a red-herring if a language is written in C or Java, but has an excellent Python scripting environment. So, while I can appreciate that it may seem like noise to someone who never imagines tinkering with the sources and it isn't a 100% indicator of what I want to know, it can be really useful to tinkerers (and it shouldn't be surprising that tinkerers design a system that's good for tinkerers). There are of course, desktop distributions that cut all that cruft down to best of breed applications for the end user. I see your points Terry. And I understand the need for tinkerers and the value of knowing what options are available in a given language. But, I think relying on the language as a selling point/feature is short sighted. I can't recall any program that has gained mass acceptance who's selling point was written in ... That makes sense if the author's objective is mass acceptance. But that's not what you get paid for on an open source project. Payment -- in the form of contributions to your project -- occurs because you attract people who share your interest in working on the code. Of course, this really depends a lot on who the author is, and what their motivations were in creating the package. But in the classic scratch an itch/single developer working in their spare time scenario, it's pretty common. It's also probably a bit much to expect savvy marketing from said back room developer. ;-) It helps if you think of it as a swap meet instead of a department store. :-) In the case of language evangelism, It'd be nice if kick ass programs were produced that revolutionized computing and how people communicate. If they were written in a language that I already know and can extend if I desire, even better. if the equation were flipped and it was just a program written in a language I know, but does not do anything of value for me that isn't already fulfilled elsewhere, then it essentially holds no value. That would be true if programs were atomic. But it quite frequently happens that a program which provides a mundane piece of programming infrastructure (say an email client) is a useful part to add to that revolutionary application that you've been tinkering with for the last few months. Anyway, I think most of us are into evolution more than revolution. The latter is more newsworthy, but the former is where most of the action is most of the time. Kind of like any field in science or engineering. :-) why did you reply to me instead of the list? Thumbfingered, I guess. ;-) I've responded to both and left myself quoted. Normally, my client *does* respond automatically to the list, I'm not sure why it didn't this time. Cheers, Terry -- Terry Hancock ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Best way to have a for-loop index?
On 9 Mar 2006 16:32:24 -0800 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I write a lot of code that looks like this: for myElement, elementIndex in zip( elementList, range(len(elementList))): print myElement , myElement, at index: ,elementIndex My question is, is there a better, cleaner, or easier way to get at the element in a list AND the index of a loop than this? In fact it is so common a need, there is a built-in function called enumerate that does the 'zip' for you: for elementIndex, myElement in enumerate(elementList): print myElement , myElement, at index: ,elementIndex -- Terry Hancock ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why python doesn't use syntax like function(, , x) for default parameters?
On 10 Mar 2006 09:51:01 GMT Duncan Booth [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Dmitry Anikin wrote: Is there some contradiction in python syntax which disallows an easy implementation of this feature, or just nobody bothered with this? If former is the case, please show me why, because I badly need this feature in embedded python app (for compatibility with other language that uses such syntax) and might venture to implement it myself, so don't want to waste time if it's gonna break something. I think you would find it hard to implement exactly that in Python. Of course what you can do easily enough is invent a magic 'missing' value and map Python calls of: a_func(missing, missing, 3) to a call of: a_func(,,3) It's not uncommon, of course, to use None for this purpose. I have a lot of code that does something like: def myfunc(a, b, c): if a is None: a = [] ... -- Terry Hancock ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Evangelism
On Fri, 10 Mar 2006 20:44:55 +1100 Tim Churches [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I think that Glykon should be invited to be the sponsoring divinity for PyCon next year. I hear that worship of pagan gods is, like everything else, bigger in Texas. Ignoring the silly Python jokes, *is* PyCON going to be in Texas next year? I wasn't sure what would happen, since it was in Washington DC the last (first?) 3 years, according to the website. Would be great for me if true, since I live there. -- Terry Hancock ([EMAIL PROTECTED]) Anansi Spaceworks http://www.AnansiSpaceworks.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: urlerror, urllib2: no address ... why or debug tips?
[EMAIL PROTECTED]: Help please with a URLError. Post your code (a small self-contained example, preferrably) and the URL. -- René Pijlman -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python Evangelism
Terry Hancock wrote: On Fri, 10 Mar 2006 20:44:55 +1100 Tim Churches [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I think that Glykon should be invited to be the sponsoring divinity for PyCon next year. I hear that worship of pagan gods is, like everything else, bigger in Texas. Ignoring the silly Python jokes, *is* PyCON going to be in Texas next year? I wasn't sure what would happen, since it was in Washington DC the last (first?) 3 years, according to the website. Would be great for me if true, since I live there. Yes, 2007 will be at the same place as 2006. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC/Ltd www.holdenweb.com Love me, love my blog holdenweb.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
[wxPython] howto prevent Frame reszing?
Hi, I have searched for this but the only thing I can find is somebody that tells wx.RESIZE_BORDER is the style to look for. When I apply this in my code I am still able to resize the frame. Somebody can help me here? For example: class FrameName(wx.MiniFrame): def __init__( self, parent, title, pos=wx.DefaultPosition, size=wx.DefaultSize, style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE|wx.RESIZE_BORDER): wx.MiniFrame.__init__(self, parent, -1, title, pos, (300,300), style) Is the (mini) Frame that I have now. It would be nice if somebody can help me out.. Thanks in advance (btw, I am new to wxPython) :) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A bit OT: Python prompts display as nested mail quotes in Thunderbird
They already ARE plain text (I don't know of anyone submitting MIME/HTML enhanced content on this group). I know. it would mean all other quoted text would not look quoted in your reader. I.e. they would have '' chars at line start. That is *excatly* what I want and what I asked in my post. I don't need colored lines in the margin to understand quotes. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A better RE?
Magnus Lycka [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I want an re that matches strings like 21MAR06 31APR06 1236, where the last part is day numbers (1-7), i.e it can contain the numbers 1-7, in order, only one of each, and at least one digit. I want it as three groups. I was thinking of Just a small point - what does in order mean here? if it means that eg 1362 is not valid then you're stuck because it's context sensitive and hence not regular. I can't see how any of the fancy extensions could help here but maybe I'm just lacking insight. Now if [\1-7] worked you'd be home and dry. Eddie -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A better RE?
Eddie Corns wrote:
I want an re that matches strings like 21MAR06 31APR06 1236,
where the last part is day numbers (1-7), i.e it can contain
the numbers 1-7, in order, only one of each, and at least one
digit. I want it as three groups. I was thinking of
Just a small point - what does in order mean here? if it means that eg 1362
is not valid then you're stuck because it's context sensitive and hence not
regular.
I can't see how any of the fancy extensions could help here but maybe I'm
just lacking insight.
import re
p = re.compile((?=[1234567])(1?2?3?4?5?6?7?)$)
def test(s):
m = p.match(s)
print repr(s), =, m and m.groups() or none
test()
test(1236)
test(1362)
test(12345678)
prints
'' = none
'1236' = ('1236',)
'1362' = none
'12345678' = none
/F
--
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Which GUI toolkit is THE best?
Hello I've recently learnt python and I do love it! I congratulate all those geeks who produce this nice language; well, because I could be called a nearby newbee I've decided to improve my abilities by writing my own nice editor with python; so I've to choose among all those GUI toolkit's available there.. But I've no idea which one I should use to start with.. I've read that tkinter seems to be the de facto standart in the pyhon community; but why? Is it the best available one or are theire other reasons? I read also a litte about wxpython and pygtk.. both are appealing to me but again to make a choice is difficult; is there also some guy liking pyqt is it worse or should it be avoided because of the licencing policy for qt (which I also like..)? * Which one is the most fun to program with? * Which one is the most easy to learn? * Which one looks best? * Which one is the most productive to program with? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A better RE?
Eddie Corns wrote: Just a small point - what does in order mean here? if it means that eg 1362 is not valid then you're stuck because it's context sensitive and hence not regular. I'm not seeing that. Any finite language is regular -- as a last resort you could list all ascending sequences of 7 or fewer digits (but perhaps I misunderstood the original poster's requirements). Jim -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
how to validate a proxy is alive?
If a proxy is alive then return true, else return fals after 1 second. thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A better RE?
Fredrik Lundh [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:
Eddie Corns wrote:
I want an re that matches strings like 21MAR06 31APR06 1236,
where the last part is day numbers (1-7), i.e it can contain
the numbers 1-7, in order, only one of each, and at least one
digit. I want it as three groups. I was thinking of
Just a small point - what does in order mean here? if it means that eg 1362
is not valid then you're stuck because it's context sensitive and hence not
regular.
I can't see how any of the fancy extensions could help here but maybe I'm
just lacking insight.
import re
p = re.compile((?=[1234567])(1?2?3?4?5?6?7?)$)
def test(s):
m = p.match(s)
print repr(s), =, m and m.groups() or none
test()
test(1236)
test(1362)
test(12345678)
prints
'' = none
'1236' = ('1236',)
'1362' = none
'12345678' = none
/F
I know I know! I cancelled the article about a minute after posting it.
Eddie
--
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Re: how to validate a proxy is alive?
JuHui: If a proxy is alive then return true, else return fals after 1 second. What kind of proxy? Design pattern? Protocol? Which one? -- René Pijlman -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A bit OT: Python prompts display as nested mail quotes in Thunderbird
Do you have the Quote Colors extension? I do now. :-) You can also disable the use of colors in the options, but that will remove the colors for all messages. Or I can tell it to display colored '' chars. Marvellous! Thanks for the advice! You're a real help. /Joel Hedlund -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
open2 problem
Hi. I have such problem with os.popen2 function:
//test.py file
#!/usr/local/bin/python
print start
x= raw_input()
print end
//main.py file
#!/usr/local/bin/python
import os
i,o = os.popen2('./tester.py')
print o.readline()
i.write(hi)
print o.readline()
i.close()
o.close()
When I run main.py its hung so I break it running and get exception
error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File ./tester.py, line 4, in ?
x= raw_input()
Traceback (most recent call last):
KeyboardInterrupt
File ./c.py, line 5, in ?
print o.readline()
KeyboardInterrupt
But if I in main.py make some changes its work fine, but i need to read
first line for analyzing:
//main.py file
#!/usr/local/bin/python
import os
i,o = os.popen2('./tester.py')
i.write(hi)
print o.readline()
print o.readline()
i.close()
o.close()
--
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Re: how to validate a proxy is alive?
I want to get a html page content via a http proxy. befor this, I want to check the proxy. how to validate it? thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Which GUI toolkit is THE best?
On 3/10/06, invitro81 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: But I've no idea which one I should use to start with.. I've read that tkinter seems to be the de facto standart in the pyhon community; but why? Is it the best available one or are theire other reasons? I read also a litte about wxpython and pygtk.. both are appealing to me but again to make a choice is difficult; is there also some guy liking pyqt is it worse or should it be avoided because of the licencing policy for qt (which I also like..)? * Which one is the most fun to program with? * Which one is the most easy to learn? * Which one looks best? * Which one is the most productive to program with? GUI toolkits are not simple things to be productive with. Most people I know tried out a few briefly, found one that fit their needs and/or programming style better, and then adopted that as their choice. Given the complexity of GUIs in general, developers tend to be 'fluent' in one at a time - it's just too much to remember when switching between different kits. So most of the answers you get will invariably be tilted toward the choice that an individual made. Their reasons for that choice may not be the same as your reasons, so my advice to you would be to check them all out for a few hours apiece, and make a choice based on your impressions. Having said that, my choice for UI toolkit is wxPython, based on its use of native controls on all platforms. I disliked the syntax it inherited from wxWidgets, the C++ project it is based on, but then I found Dabo, whose UI layer wraps wxPython, giving you all the power and beauty of wxPython, with none of the ugliness. -- # p.d. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Which GUI toolkit is THE best?
invitro81 schreef: Hello I've recently learnt python and I do love it! I congratulate all those geeks who produce this nice language; well, because I could be called a nearby newbee I've decided to improve my abilities by writing my own nice editor with python; so I've to choose among all those GUI toolkit's available there.. But I've no idea which one I should use to start with.. I've read that tkinter seems to be the de facto standart in the pyhon community; but why? Is it the best available one or are theire other reasons? I read also a litte about wxpython and pygtk.. both are appealing to me but again to make a choice is difficult; is there also some guy liking pyqt is it worse or should it be avoided because of the licencing policy for qt (which I also like..)? * Which one is the most fun to program with? * Which one is the most easy to learn? * Which one looks best? * Which one is the most productive to program with? Read this http://wxpython.org/quotes.php ;-) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why python doesn't use syntax like function(, , x) for default parameters?
Dmitry Anikin [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: There are often situations when a function has independent parameters, all having reasonable defaults, and I want to provide just several of them. In fact, I can do it using keyword parameters, but it's rather long and you have to remember/lookup names of parameters. Specifying the names of the keyword parameters costs you a little typing once, but saves everybody (including yourself) a lot of grief later when you're trying to figure out what the heck your code does 6 months later. I badly need this feature in embedded python app (for compatibility with other language that uses such syntax) Can you tell us more about what it is that you're trying to do? Or maybe it might be an idea for enhancement proposal? You can always write up a PEP, but to be honest, this doesn't sound like one that would meet with much enthusiasm from the community. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why python doesn't use syntax like function(, , x) for default parameters?
Dmitry Anikin wrote: I mean, it's very convenient when default parameters can be in any position, like def a_func(x = 2, y = 1, z): ... (that defaults must go last is really a C++ quirk which is needed for overload resolution, isn't it?) I've no idea why C++ required defaults last; it certainly seems wise to avoid confusion with the positionals in Python. and when calling, just omit parameter when you want to use defaults: a_func(, , 3) Yerch! So now you've forced all arguments to be positional? This doesn't seem like an improvement. And it's just plain fugly. There are often situations when a function has independent parameters, all having reasonable defaults, and I want to provide just several of them. In fact, I can do it using keyword parameters, but it's rather long and you have to remember/lookup names of parameters. Whereas you can invariably remember their positions? I don't think so. Is there some contradiction in python syntax which disallows an easy implementation of this feature, or just nobody bothered with this? If former is the case, please show me why, because I badly need this feature in embedded python app (for compatibility with other language that uses such syntax) and might venture to implement it myself, so don't want to waste time if it's gonna break something. Or maybe it might be an idea for enhancement proposal? The thing about enhancement proposals is that they are supposed to *improve* the language. Frankly I wouldn't see this as any kind of enhancement. If you have a large program to translate from another language you will probably find that a modest application of Python suffices to translate all the calls into whatever form turns out to be required in Python. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +44 150 684 7255 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC/Ltd www.holdenweb.com Love me, love my blog holdenweb.blogspot.com -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to validate a proxy is alive?
JuHui wrote:
I want to get a html page content via a http proxy.
befor this, I want to check the proxy. how to validate it?
thanks
most simple by a socket-connect / error if non-existing:
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(('nonexisting-proxy-server',3129))
Traceback (most recent call last):
File interactive input, line 1, in ?
File string, line 1, in connect
error: (10061, 'Connection refused')
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect(('existing-proxy-server',3128))
1
1
Robert
--
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Re: open2 problem
Em Sex, 2006-03-10 às 04:49 -0800, [EMAIL PROTECTED] escreveu: Hi. I have such problem with os.popen2 function: Why don't you use the subprocess module? See http://docs.python.org/lib/module-subprocess.html -- Quem excele em empregar a força militar subjulga os exércitos dos outros povos sem travar batalha, toma cidades fortificadas dos outros povos sem as atacar e destrói os estados dos outros povos sem lutas prolongadas. Deve lutar sob o Céu com o propósito primordial da 'preservação'. Desse modo suas armas não se embotarão, e os ganhos poderão ser preservados. Essa é a estratégia para planejar ofensivas. -- Sun Tzu, em A arte da guerra -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: how to validate a proxy is alive?
cool! thanks ! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: open2 problem
Why don't you use the subprocess module? I have tried subprocess module and got the same problem -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A better RE?
Jim [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: Eddie Corns wrote: Just a small point - what does in order mean here? if it means that eg 1362 is not valid then you're stuck because it's context sensitive and hence not regular. I'm not seeing that. Any finite language is regular -- as a last resort you could list all ascending sequences of 7 or fewer digits (but perhaps I misunderstood the original poster's requirements). No, that's what I did. Just carelessnes on my part, time I had a holiday! Eddie -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why python doesn't use syntax like function(, , x) for default parameters?
Op 2006-03-10, Roy Smith schreef [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Dmitry Anikin [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: There are often situations when a function has independent parameters, all having reasonable defaults, and I want to provide just several of them. In fact, I can do it using keyword parameters, but it's rather long and you have to remember/lookup names of parameters. Specifying the names of the keyword parameters costs you a little typing once, but saves everybody (including yourself) a lot of grief later when you're trying to figure out what the heck your code does 6 months later. Could you explain what is so hard in figuring out: func(,,4) We sure don't seem to have a problem with figuring out things like lst[::2] Personnaly in a situation where it is likely that the first parameter is going to take a default and the second parameter is going to vary a lot, I would have prefered that to be visible in how the function is called, instead of a call with only one argument being interpreted as being the value for the second parameter. More specifically I would have preferred the possibility of range(,n) and this being equivallent to range(0,n) instead of range(n) being equivallent to range(0,n). -- Antoon Pardon -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Which GUI toolkit is THE best?
On Fri, 10 Mar 2006 13:36:18 +0100, invitro81 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello I've recently learnt python and I do love it! I congratulate all those geeks who produce this nice language; well, because I could be called a nearby newbee I've decided to improve my abilities by writing my own nice editor with python; so I've to choose among all those GUI toolkit's available there.. But I've no idea which one I should use to start with.. I've read that tkinter seems to be the de facto standart in the pyhon community; but why? Is it the best available one or are theire other reasons? I read also a litte about wxpython and pygtk.. both are appealing to me but again to make a choice is difficult; is there also some guy liking pyqt is it worse or should it be avoided because of the licencing policy for qt (which I also like..)? * Which one is the most fun to program with? * Which one is the most easy to learn? * Which one looks best? * Which one is the most productive to program with? It all depends on what features are the most important for you. Here is some help to answer the question yourself: http://www.awaretek.com/toolkits.html HTH -- python -c print ''.join([chr(154 - ord(c)) for c in 'U(17zX(%,5.zmz5(17;8(%,5.Z65\'*9--56l7+-']) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why python doesn't use syntax like function(, , x) for default parameters?
Antoon Pardon wrote: Specifying the names of the keyword parameters costs you a little typing once, but saves everybody (including yourself) a lot of grief later when you're trying to figure out what the heck your code does 6 months later. Could you explain what is so hard in figuring out: func(,,4) We sure don't seem to have a problem with figuring out things like lst[::2] That is the usual polemics. Its a HUGE difference if I'm supposed to remember 2 default values that are 0 and size-of-sequence, in a specialized syntax, than arbitrary values f(,3) in some arbitrary function. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A better RE?
Magnus Lycka [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message news:[EMAIL PROTECTED] I want an re that matches strings like 21MAR06 31APR06 1236, where the last part is day numbers (1-7), i.e it can contain the numbers 1-7, in order, only one of each, and at least one digit. I want it as three groups. I was thinking of r(\d\d[A-Z]\d\d) (\d\d[A-Z]\d\d) (1?2?3?4?5?6?7?) but that will match even if the third group is empty, right? Does anyone have good and not overly complex RE for this? P.S. I know the now you have two problems reply... For the pyparsing-inclined, here are two versions, along with several examples on how to extract the fields from the returned ParseResults object. The second version is more rigorous in enforcing the days-of-week rules on the 3rd field. Note that the month field is already limited to valid month abbreviations, and the same technique used to validate the days-of-week field could be used to ensure that the date fields are valid dates (no 31st of FEB, etc.), that the second date is after the first, etc. -- Paul Download pyparsing at http://pyparsing.sourceforge.net. data = 21MAR06 31APR06 1236 data2 = 21MAR06 31APR06 1362 from pyparsing import * # define format of an entry month = oneOf(JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC) date = Combine( Word(nums,exact=2) + month + Word(nums,exact=2) ) daysOfWeek = Word(1234567) entry = date.setResultsName(startDate) + \ date.setResultsName(endDate) + \ daysOfWeek.setResultsName(weekDays) + \ lineEnd # extract entry data e = entry.parseString(data) # various ways to access the results print e.startDate, e.endDate, e.weekDays print %(startDate)s : %(endDate)s : %(weekDays)s % e print e.asList() print e print # get more rigorous in testing for valid days of week field def rigorousDayOfWeekTest(s,l,toks): # remove duplicates from toks[0], sort, then compare to original tmp = .join(sorted(dict([(ll,0) for ll in toks[0]]).keys())) if tmp != toks[0]: raise ParseException(s,l,Invalid days of week field) daysOfWeek.setParseAction(rigorousDayOfWeekTest) entry = date.setResultsName(startDate) + \ date.setResultsName(endDate) + \ daysOfWeek.setResultsName(weekDays) + \ lineEnd print entry.parseString(data) print entry.parseString(data2) # -- raises ParseException -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
import and shared global variables
Hi, I'm implementing a plugin-based program, structured like the example below (where m1 in the main module, loading m2 as a plugin). I wanted to use a single global variable (m1.glob in the example) to store some config data that the plugins can access. However, the output shown belown seems to imply that glob is *copied* or recreated during the import in m2. Am I missing something? I thought m1 should be in sys.modules and not be recreated during the import in m2. After browsing c.l.p, it seems that this is probably somehow due to the circular import. However, I do not really see why this should be a problem here. Interestingly, the problem disappears when I put the code in m1 in a real main() function instead of if __name__ etc. Though this seems to solve my problem, I still want to understand what's happening. Thanks, michael m1.py: -- glob = [1] if __name__ == __main__: glob.append(2) print m1.main().1:, glob m2 = __import__(m2) m2.test() print m1.main().2:, glob -- m2.py: -- def test(): import m1 print m2.test():, m1.glob - Output: m1.main().1: [1, 2] m2.test(): [1] m1.main().2: [1, 2] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
import and shared global variables
Hi, I'm implementing a plugin-based program, structured like the example below (where m1 in the main module, loading m2 as a plugin). I wanted to use a single global variable (m1.glob in the example) to store some config data that the plugins can access. However, the output shown belown seems to imply that glob is *copied* or recreated during the import in m2. Am I missing something? I thought m1 should be in sys.modules and not be recreated during the import in m2. After browsing c.l.p, it seems that this is probably somehow due to the circular import. However, I do not really see why this should be a problem here. Interestingly, the problem disappears when I put the code in m1 in a real main() function instead of if __name__ etc. Though this seems to solve my problem, I still want to understand what's happening. Thanks, michael m1.py: -- glob = [1] if __name__ == __main__: glob.append(2) print m1.main().1:, glob m2 = __import__(m2) m2.test() print m1.main().2:, glob -- m2.py: -- def test(): import m1 print m2.test():, m1.glob - Output: m1.main().1: [1, 2] m2.test(): [1] m1.main().2: [1, 2] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Adding Multiple Attachments to SMTP mail (msg.add_header)
Hi all, I hope there is someone out there who can help me out - it has
to be something obvious.
I am simulating mail traffic, and want to include multiple attachments
to my mail. I have created a temporary array containing a number of
files - for now just 2.
Debugging my code, I can see that I am correctly storing the files in
the array, and then 1 by 1 adding one file at a time to the message
header.
When the program is complete, the resultant mail has 2 attachments, as
hoped. However, it is the second file attached twice, rather than the
two unique files.
I attach my code for passing the information to msg.add_header:
(AttNum = 2)
for doatt in range(AttNum):
msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment',
filename=ATTselection[doatt])
doatt = doatt + 1
outer.attach(msg)
..
body = MIMEText(Text)
outer.attach(body)
Like I said, it is correctly sending the 2 seperate files from my
ATTselection array, but ultimately attaching the last file twice.
If anyone can help/suggest something please please let me know!
Thanks,
Ed
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How to best update remote compressed, encrypted archives incrementally?
Hello, I want to put (incrementally) changed/new files from a big file tree directly,compressed and password-only-encrypted to a remote backup server incrementally via FTP,SFTP or DAV At best within a closed algorithm inside Python without extra shell tools. (The method should work with any protocol which allows somehow read, write seek to a remote file.) On the server and the transmission line there should never be unencrypted data. Usually one would create a big archive, then compress, then encrypt (e.g. with gpg -c file) , then transfer. However for that method you need to have big free temp disk space and most costing: transfer always the complete archive. With proved block-file encryption methods like GPG I don't get the flexibility needed for my task, I guess? ZIP2 format allows encryption (Is this ZIP encryption method supported with Python somehow/basically?). Somehow it would be possible to navigate in a remote ZIP (e.g. over FTP) . But ZIP encryption is also known to be very weak and can be cracked within some hours computing time, at least when every file uses the same password. Another method would be to produce slice files: Create inremental TAR/ZIP archives, encrypt them locally with gpg -c and put them as different files. Still a fragile setup, which allows only rough control, needs a common archive time stamp (comparing individual file attributes is not possible), and needs external tools. Very nice would be a method which can directly compare agains and update a single consistent file like ftp:///archive.zip.gpg Is something like this possible? Robert -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Any python HTML generator libs?
Steve Holden wrote:
Sullivan WxPyQtKinter wrote:
Hi, everyone. Simply put, what I need most now is a python lib to
generate simple HTML.
I am now using XML to store my lab report records. I found python
really convinient to manipulate XML, so I want to make a small on-line
CGI program to help my colleagues to build their lab report records
into XML, for storage, HTML display (for others to browse) and search.
With python's standard lib, the DOM object could realize the XML
storage and search quite easily, but for HTML generation, it is a
great headache.
I tried to turn to the in-line server-side python script PSP(something
like asp and php) instead of CGI. However, since the report data is
always of very complex data structures, it is really hard to write most
things in-line. For example, a PCR reaction is expected to be shown in
this format or alike on a web browser:
PCR
Sample: Sm1032
Operater: SullivanZ
TimeStamp: hh:mm mm-dd-
Reaction:
Reagent1:
Name:
Concentration: mM
Volumn:XXX uL
Reagent2:
Since there are hundreds of PCR reaction and other operations in the
lab report, in-line PSP is not a suitable solution. But writing HTML
directly with print statement is a great pain.
Will XSTL be useful? Is my problem somewho related with XML-SIG?
Looking forward to your precious suggestion.
The triple-quoted string with string substitution is your friend. Try
writing something(s) like:
results = {'secnum': 1, 'type': 'string', 'color': 'blue'}
print \
h1Section %(secnum)s/h1
pElements of type %(type)s should be coloured %(color)s/p
% results
Don't forget that you may need to escape the application's data for
inclusion in HTML:
results = {'secnum': 1, 'type': 'string', 'color': 'blue',
'user':'Matt Goodall [EMAIL PROTECTED]'}
print \
h1Section %(secnum)s/h1
pElements of type %(type)s should be coloured %(color)s/p
pContributed by: %(user)s/p
% results
Will print:
h1Section 1/h1
pElements of type string should be coloured blue/p
pContributed by: Matt Goodall [EMAIL PROTECTED]/p
The '' and '' surrounding my email address breaks the HTML.
To fix that you need to escape results['user'] with cgi.escape or
xml.sax.saxutils.escape. Oh, and don't forget to escape anything
destined for an HTML attribute differently, see sax.saxutils.quoteattr.
A triple-quoted string is beautifully simple but it's not quite as much
a friend as it might initially seem. ;-)
I don't intend to get into a XML- vs text- based templating flame war
;-) but, IMHO, the solution is to use a templating language that
understands where the value is used in the template.
Kid is a great example of an XML-based templating language but there are
many others. Some have probably been mentioned in this thread already.
Another interesting solutions is to use something like Nevow's tags module:
from nevow import flat, tags as T
results = {'secnum': 1, 'type': 'string', 'color': 'blue',
'user':'Matt Goodall [EMAIL PROTECTED]'}
doc = T.div[
T.h1['Section ', results['secnum']],
T.p['Elements of type ', results['type'],
' should be coloured ', results['color']],
T.p['Contributed by: ', results['user']],
]
print flat.flatten(doc)
This time you get valid HTML with no effort whatsoever:
divh1Section 1/h1pElements of type string should be coloured
blue/ppContributed by: Matt Goodall
lt;[EMAIL PROTECTED]gt;/p/div
You even get to write HTML in a slightly more Pythonic way (even if it
does abuse Python just a little :wink:), but Nevow will happily load a
template containing actual XHTML from disk if you prefer.
The only real problem using Nevow for this is that you will need to
install Twisted too. I suspect you'll find a couple of Nevow tag
implementations that don't need Twisted if you ask Google.
Anyway! This was just to demonstrate an alternate approach than to
evangelise about Nevow. I hope it was at least interesting. :)
Cheers, Matt
Nevow:
http://divmod.org/trac/wiki/DivmodNevow
Twisted:
http://twistedmatrix.com/trac
--
__
/ \__ Matt Goodall, Pollenation Internet Ltd
\__/ \w: http://www.pollenation.net
__/ \__/e: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
/ \__/ \t: +44 (0)113 2252500
\__/ \__/
/ \ Any views expressed are my own and do not necessarily
\__/ reflect the views of my employer.
--
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Re: Why python doesn't use syntax like function(, , x) for default parameters?
In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Antoon Pardon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Op 2006-03-10, Roy Smith schreef [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Dmitry Anikin [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: There are often situations when a function has independent parameters, all having reasonable defaults, and I want to provide just several of them. In fact, I can do it using keyword parameters, but it's rather long and you have to remember/lookup names of parameters. Specifying the names of the keyword parameters costs you a little typing once, but saves everybody (including yourself) a lot of grief later when you're trying to figure out what the heck your code does 6 months later. Could you explain what is so hard in figuring out: func(,,4) Because while I probably remember what func does (especially if it's well named), it's less likely that I remember all the arguments it takes, and even less that I remember what order they come in. Let's say I've got a function which makes a network connection. It takes optional arguments for a port number to connect to, a timeout (in seconds) and a buffer size (in kbytes) to use. If we used your syntax, what does connect (,,20) mean? You have to go look up the definition of the function to find out, don't you? But, if I wrote connect (port=20), it's obvious to anybody reading the code what the 20 is. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Does -U option really exist?
Martin v. Löwis once (20 Sep 2005) wrote in reply to my question... Simpler transition to PEP 3000 Unicode only strings? As for dropping the u prefix on string literals: Just try the -U option of the interpreter some time, which makes all string literals Unicode. If you manage to get the standard library working this way, you won't need a per-file decision anymore: just start your program with 'python -U'. I have failed to find the -U option in Python 2.4.2. Is it something under development? Thanks, pepr -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: import and shared global variables
Michael Brenner wrote: Hi, I'm implementing a plugin-based program, structured like the example below (where m1 in the main module, loading m2 as a plugin). I wanted to use a single global variable (m1.glob in the example) to store some config data that the plugins can access. However, the output shown belown seems to imply that glob is *copied* or recreated during the import in m2. Am I missing something? I thought m1 should be in sys.modules and not be recreated during the import in m2. After browsing c.l.p, it seems that this is probably somehow due to the circular import. However, I do not really see why this should be a problem here. Interestingly, the problem disappears when I put the code in m1 in a real main() function instead of if __name__ etc. Though this seems to solve my problem, I still want to understand what's What happens here is that there does end up being two copies of m1: the one named __main__ and the one imported as m1. If you think about this, there has to be two copies -- otherwise how could sometimes __name__ be __main__ and sometimes not. Anyway, there are several options. The simplest one here is not to modify anything locally from __main__ block. Instead import m1, and modify that copy. That is: glob = [1] if __name__ == __main__: import m1 m1.glob.append(2) print m1.main().1:, m1.glob m2 = __import__(m2) m2.test() print m1.main().2:, glob Regards, -tim happening. Thanks, michael m1.py: -- glob = [1] if __name__ == __main__: glob.append(2) print m1.main().1:, glob m2 = __import__(m2) m2.test() print m1.main().2:, glob -- m2.py: -- def test(): import m1 print m2.test():, m1.glob - Output: m1.main().1: [1, 2] m2.test(): [1] m1.main().2: [1, 2] -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
File Permissions
Hi All I need to get the user permission of a file using python. I was trying the following code which i found on google grups st = os.stat(myfile) mode = st[stat.ST_MODE] if mode stat.ST_IREAD: print readable if mode stat.ST_IWRITE: print writable if mode stat.ST_IEXEC: print executable I am getting a error saying Traceback (most recent call last): File ./test.py, line 23, in ? if mode stat.ST_IREAD: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'ST_IREAD' any idea how to resolve this error ?? Basically i want to write into a file .If the permissions are not there then print a error message. How do i achive this ??? Thanks, VJ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: import and shared global variables
I'm implementing a plugin-based program, structured like the example below (where m1 in the main module, loading m2 as a plugin). I wanted to use a single global variable (m1.glob in the example) to store some config data that the plugins can access. However, the output shown belown seems to imply that glob is *copied* or recreated during the import in m2. Am I missing something? I thought m1 should be in sys.modules and not be recreated during the import in m2. Yes, you are missing that your first glob is in __main__.glob, _not_ in m1.glob. To make that happen, use something like this: glob = [1] def main(): pass if __name__ == __main__: import m1 m1.main() Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: File Permissions
Those constants are in stat module so add import stat before the program. On 10 Mar 2006 06:20:18 -0800, VJ [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hi All I need to get the user permission of a file using python. I was trying the following code which i found on google grups st = os.stat(myfile) mode = st[stat.ST_MODE] if mode stat.ST_IREAD: print readable if mode stat.ST_IWRITE: print writable if mode stat.ST_IEXEC: print executable I am getting a error saying Traceback (most recent call last): File ./test.py, line 23, in ? if mode stat.ST_IREAD: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'ST_IREAD' any idea how to resolve this error ?? Basically i want to write into a file .If the permissions are not there then print a error message. How do i achive this ??? Thanks, VJ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why python doesn't use syntax like function(,,x) for default parameters?
Antoon Pardon wrote: Op 2006-03-10, Roy Smith schreef [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Dmitry Anikin [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: There are often situations when a function has independent parameters, all having reasonable defaults, and I want to provide just several of them. In fact, I can do it using keyword parameters, but it's rather long and you have to remember/lookup names of parameters. Specifying the names of the keyword parameters costs you a little typing once, but saves everybody (including yourself) a lot of grief later when you're trying to figure out what the heck your code does 6 months later. Could you explain what is so hard in figuring out: func(,,4) Your func has only three parameters, and only one non-default. I think all have reasonable defaults, I want to provide several means you might end up with bugs like this. func(,,,1.2e-3,7.6e18,3.124576,3567.0,) func(,,1.24e3,1,21.26e4,,,1220,57,35,0) # bug TypeError: func() takes exactly 8 arguments (9 given) Now what are the correct arguments? 1220.57, 35,and 0 1220,57.35, and 0 1220,57,and 35.0 With keywords parameters, this is easy to answer. func(y=1.2e-3, z=7.6e18, i=3.124576, j=3567.0) func(x=1.24e3, y=1, z=21.26e4, j=1220, k=57,35, w=0) # bug SyntaxError: non-keyword arg after keyword arg. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Python and C
I was a C Programmer for a while. Lately started to learn Python for one small project at school. I joined a small company where they use C++ for development. Can we use Python and C together ? I mean create some classes in Python and some number crunching algorithms coded in C (for speed) and integreate both of them. Could somebody just show a real small example or give pointers to the same. Thanks -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: File Permissions
VJ enlightened us with:
Basically i want to write into a file .If the permissions are not
there then print a error message. How do i achive this ???
f = file('somefile', 'w')
then catch the exception that's thrown when it can't be done.
Sybren
--
The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a
capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the
safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself?
Frank Zappa
--
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Re: creating an executable?
John Salerno wrote: Well, now that I can time my laundry, I need to make it runnable. I tried looking for info on the freeze module in the help file, but it didn't seem to come up with much. According to the Python wiki, freeze is for making executables for Unix. Can I make an executable with just the standard distribution, or do I need a separate module? Thanks. You didn't ask about an installer, but I thought I'd make the suggestion anyway. The combination of py2exe and Inno Installer works EXTREMELY well for distributing software on Windows platform. Use py2exe to create .exe and support files, use Inno to wrap it up into a neat single setup.exe file for distribution. -Larry Bates -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python and C
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I was a C Programmer for a while. Lately started to learn Python for one small project at school. I joined a small company where they use C++ for development. Can we use Python and C together ? I mean create some classes in Python and some number crunching algorithms coded in C (for speed) and integreate both of them. Could somebody just show a real small example or give pointers to the same. There is even a whole section in the documentation geared towards that - and to spoil the fun of actually reading it: Yes, Python and C go aleong _very_ well, and for C++ there are several specialized wrapping generators that e.g. make PyQt go round. Check out SIP or boost.python or SWIG. http://docs.python.org/api/api.html Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Python and C
http://docs.python.org/api/api.html That should have been http://docs.python.org/ext/ext.html but you need the other one sooner or later. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: processing the genetic code with python?
I'm writing your name down and this is the last time I'm doing homework for you. James Wow, you are really a pretentious asshole. If you don't want to provide people with help, don't bother. And that code's incorrect anyway. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Numbers in python
Basically, I have a code with is almost finished but I've having difficultly with the last stage of the process. I have a program that gets assigns different words with a different value via looking them up in a dictionary: eg if THE is in the writing, it assigns 0.965 and once the whole passage is read it returns all the numbers in the format as follows: ['0.965', '1.000', '0.291', '1.000', '0.503'] However, I can't seem to get the program to treat the numbers as numbers. If I put them in the dictionary as 'THE' = int(0.965) the program returns 1.0 and if I put 'THE' = float(0.965) it returns 0.9655549 or something similar. Neither of these are right! I basically need to access each item in the string as a number, because for my last function I want to multiply them all together by each other. I have tried two bits of code for this last bit, but neither are working (I'm not sure about the first one but the second one should work I think if I could figure out how to return the values as numbers): 1st code value = codons[x] * codons[x+1] x = (int) x = 0 print value x +=2 if (xr): new_value = value * codons[x] value = new_value x +=1 else: print new_value This gives the error message Traceback (most recent call last): File C:\Python24\code2, line 88, in -toplevel- value = codons[x] * codons[x+1] NameError: name 'x' is not defined Code 2 - the most likely code prod = 1 for item in (codons): prod *= item prod print prod Gives this error message: Traceback (most recent call last): File C:\Python24\code2, line 90, in -toplevel- for item in (codons): prod *= item TypeError: can't multiply sequence by non-int Anyone got any ideas? Dave. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Password entering system
I actually decided to write my own, the thing I needed to know was the show option to entry. That was the key! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: File Permissions
VJ wrote: Hi All Basically i want to write into a file .If the permissions are not there then print a error message. How do i achive this ??? Thanks, VJ One way would be a try-except block, and leave the permission checking error message generation, etc. to the operating system. try: outfile = file(outfilename,w) except IOError, errormsg print Could not write to file %s: %s % (outfilename, errormsg) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Adding Multiple Attachments to SMTP mail (msg.add_header)
EdWhyatt wrote:
Hi all, I hope there is someone out there who can help me out - it has
to be something obvious.
I am simulating mail traffic, and want to include multiple attachments
to my mail. I have created a temporary array containing a number of
files - for now just 2.
Debugging my code, I can see that I am correctly storing the files in
the array, and then 1 by 1 adding one file at a time to the message
header.
When the program is complete, the resultant mail has 2 attachments, as
hoped. However, it is the second file attached twice, rather than the
two unique files.
I attach my code for passing the information to msg.add_header:
(AttNum = 2)
for doatt in range(AttNum):
msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment',
filename=ATTselection[doatt])
doatt = doatt + 1
outer.attach(msg)
..
body = MIMEText(Text)
outer.attach(body)
Like I said, it is correctly sending the 2 seperate files from my
ATTselection array, but ultimately attaching the last file twice.
If anyone can help/suggest something please please let me know!
Thanks,
Ed
Take a look at the following:
http://motion.sourceforge.net/related/send_jpg.py
http://aspn.activestate.com/ASPN/Cookbook/Python/Recipe/52243
Larry Bates
--
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why use special config formats?
hey
i've been seeing lots of config-file-readers for python. be it
ConfigObj (http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html) or the
like. seems like a trend to me.
i came to this conclusion a long time ago: YOU DON'T NEED CONFIG FILES
FOR PYTHON. why re-invent stuff and parse text by yourself, why the
interpreter can do it for you? and anyway, i find this a very ugly
format:
http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/configobj.html#the-config-file-format
there are two use cases for configuration: static vs. dynamic
configuration.
for the most common case, static configuration, you just have a
human-edited config file holding key-and-value pairs. so just add to
your package a file called config.py, and import it.
for example, if that's our package structure:
PyApache/
__init__.py
config.py
server.py
then server.py would do:
...
import config
listener_sock.bind((config.host, config.port))
...
and config.py would look like:
# the port to bind to
port = 80
host = localhost
timeout = 300
enable_keep_alives = False
options = [1, 2, 3]
...
isn't python suitable enough to hold your configuration?
the second case, dynamic configuration, is when you need to alter your
configuration at runtime or programatically, so the configuration
doesnt need to be human-readable. for that case -- use pickle. and
Bunch (as shown on the aspn python cookbook)
class Bunch(object):
def __init__(self, **kw):
self.__dict__.update(kw)
create the initial config file:
config = Bunch(port = 80, host = localhost, timeout = 300, ...)
pickle.dump(open(config.pkl, wb), config)
of course you can nest Bunch'es inside one another, i.e.,
config = Bunch(
# global config
port = 80,
host = localhost,
# this is per-user configuration
users = {
malcom_x : Bunch(
http_path = /home/joe/httpdocs,
cgi_path = /home/joe/cgi-bin,
options = [i love lucy, bush is gay]
),
...
},
...
)
and now you use it:
# global configuration
config = pickle.load(open(config.pkl))
listener_sock.bind((config.host, config.port))
# and per-user configuration
from getpass import getuser
print config.users[getuser()].http_path
...
that way, if you need to programatically change your configuration,
just change and pickle.dump() it.
hope it helps,
-tomer
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Re: Numbers in python
However, I can't seem to get the program to treat the numbers as numbers. If I put them in the dictionary as 'THE' = int(0.965) the program returns 1.0 It certainoly does _not_ return 1.0 - it returns 1. And that is all it can return for being an integer that has by definition no fractional part. and if I put 'THE' = float(0.965) it returns 0.9655549 or something similar. Neither of these are right! I basically need to access each item in the string as a number, because for my last function I want to multiply them all together by each other. It _is_ the right number if you use floats - you just have to take into account that 10-based fractions can't always be represented properly by 2-based IEEE floating points, resulting in rounding errors. Which is what you see. http://wiki.python.org/moin/RepresentationError?highlight=%28float%29 Either you don't care about the minor differences, the use float. Or you do, then use the decimal-class introduced in python 2.4 Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: File Permissions
Sebastjan Trepca enlightened us with: Those constants are in stat module so add import stat before the program. Yeah, but just opening the file is more Pythonic than first checking if it can be opened in the first place. Sybren -- The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself? Frank Zappa -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Numbers in python
wrote: If I put them in the dictionary as 'THE' = int(0.965) the program returns 1.0 and if I put 'THE' = float(0.965) it returns 0.9655549 or something similar. Neither of these are right! Your system seems to be really screwed. int(0.965) should be 0, and float(0.965) should be 0.96497 or something similar. Read http://www.python.org/doc/faq/general/#why-are-floating-point-calculations-so-inaccurate -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why use special config formats?
and just as i was writing, this was added to lang.python.announce: http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.python.announce/browse_thread/thread/7a6cbcd8070627a0/24a7b35599f65794#24a7b35599f65794 -tomer -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Numbers in python
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Basically, I have a code with is almost finished but I've having difficultly with the last stage of the process. I have a program that gets assigns different words with a different value via looking them up in a dictionary: eg if THE is in the writing, it assigns 0.965 and once the whole passage is read it returns all the numbers in the format as follows: ['0.965', '1.000', '0.291', '1.000', '0.503'] However, I can't seem to get the program to treat the numbers as numbers. If I put them in the dictionary as 'THE' = int(0.965) the program returns 1.0 and if I put 'THE' = float(0.965) it returns 0.9655549 or something similar. Neither of these are right! int(0.965) is 0 and int(0.965) is an error, so I'm not sure what you did to get 1.0. but 0.965 and 0.96497 is indeed the same thing, when stored as binary floating point numbers: 0.965 0.96497 0.965 == 0.96497 True for an explanation, see this page: http://docs.python.org/tut/node16.html in your case, explicitly formatting the numbers on the way might be good enough, e.g. print %.3f % value for details, see: http://docs.python.org/lib/typesseq-strings if you really need support for decimal floating point arithmetics, see: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-decimal.html /F -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: is there any overheard with try/except statements?
John Salerno wrote: Thanks guys! I had a feeling exceptions were nothing like in C languages (i.e. a pain to deal with). :) Since when does C have exceptions? (You're not confusing C with C++ or C#?) -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: is there any overheard with try/except statements?
John Salerno wrote: One of the things I learned with C# is that it's always better to handle any errors that might occur within the codes itself (i.e. using if statements, etc. to catch potential out of range indexing) rather than use too many try/catch statements, because there is some overhead every time the program encounters the try. Premature optimization is the root of all evil (or at least most of it) in programming. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A better RE?
Schüle Daniel wrote: txt = 21MAR06 31APR06 1236 m = '(?:JAN|FEB|MAR|APR|MAI|JUN|JUL|AUG|SEP|OCT|NOV|DEZ)' # non capturing group (:?) p = re.compile(r(\d\d%s\d\d) (\d\d%s\d\d) (?=[1234567])(1?2?3?4?5?6?7?) % (m,m)) p.match(txt).group(1) '21MAR06' p.match(txt).group(2) '31APR06' p.match(txt).group(3) 1236 Excellent. Thanks! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: A better RE?
Fredrik Lundh wrote:
Magnus Lycka wrote:
r(\d\d[A-Z]{3}\d\d) (\d\d[A-Z]{3}\d\d) (?=[1234567])(1?2?3?4?5?6?7?)
Thanks a lot. (I knew about {3} of course, I was in a hurry
when I posted since I was close to missing my train...)
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Re: Numbers in python
'It certainoly does _not_ return 1.0 - it returns 1. And that is all it can return for being an integer that has by definition no fractional part. ' For goodness sake, it was a typo, I'm so sorry! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Numbers in python
It certainoly does _not_ return 1.0 - it returns 1. And that is all it can return for being an integer that has by definition no fractional part. Duncan was right of course. It returns 0. Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: why use special config formats?
[EMAIL PROTECTED] enlightened us with: i came to this conclusion a long time ago: YOU DON'T NEED CONFIG FILES FOR PYTHON. why re-invent stuff and parse text by yourself, why the interpreter can do it for you? Because you generally don't want to give the configuration file writer full control over the Python virtual machine. for the most common case, static configuration, you just have a human-edited config file holding key-and-value pairs. so just add to your package a file called config.py, and import it. Which only works if there is only one configuration file per installation of your package, and is writable by the users that need to configure it. For example, per-user database connection parameters should be in $HOME/.programrc on UNIX systems. A program's preference settings should be stored in a user-writable file to, preferably in the user's homedir. Sybren -- The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself? Frank Zappa -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Numbers in python
'It certainoly does _not_ return 1.0 - it returns 1. And that is all it can return for being an integer that has by definition no fractional part. ' For goodness sake, it was a typo, I'm so sorry! -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: import and shared global variables
Ah, thanks everybody! I had thought that, although the name was set to __main__, the module that was stored in sys.modules was m1 nevertheless, not a copy. Well, having to write import m1 inside m1.py seems a bit peculiar - it's probably nicer to keep the __main__ module free from stuff that has to be imported by others. Would a module global.py (defining glob and imported by whoever needs it) be more pythonic? (I didn't want to do that because I really want to resist the temptation of introducing glob1, glob2, glob3...) michael To make that happen, use something like this: glob = [1] def main(): pass if __name__ == __main__: import m1 m1.main() Diez -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Performance impact of using decorators
I'm building an application with cherrypy and have started using decorators quite extensively. A lot of my exposed functions look like: @expose @startTransactrionAndBuildPage @partOfTabUi(tabId) @convert(arg1=int, arg2=str) def do_main_page(self, arg1, arg2): some code I've become really fond of decorators and use them quite a lot. I've also ready that function calls are expensive in python. In the above example, does the interpreter call 5 different functions? -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Which GUI toolkit is THE best?
Thomas Guettler enlightened us with: The licence for QT is GPL, this means you cannot use it in commercial application. That is why I never looked at it. Ehmm... from their website: The Qt Commercial License is the correct license to use for the construction of proprietary, commercial software. The license allows you to: - Build commercial software and software whose source code you wish to keep private. - Freely choose licensing for the software you are writing (Proprietary, Open Source or both). - Be able to gain access to Qt Solutions, Trolltech support and commercial-only Qt components such as commercial database drivers and the Visual Studio Integration on Windows. Sybren -- The problem with the world is stupidity. Not saying there should be a capital punishment for stupidity, but why don't we just take the safety labels off of everything and let the problem solve itself? Frank Zappa -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: is there any overheard with try/except statements?
Magnus Lycka wrote: John Salerno wrote: Thanks guys! I had a feeling exceptions were nothing like in C languages (i.e. a pain to deal with). :) Since when does C have exceptions? (You're not confusing C with C++ or C#?) I meant C-based languages, like C#. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Performance impact of using decorators
vinjvinj [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm building an application with cherrypy and have started using decorators quite extensively. A lot of my exposed functions look like: @expose @startTransactrionAndBuildPage @partOfTabUi(tabId) @convert(arg1=int, arg2=str) def do_main_page(self, arg1, arg2): some code I've become really fond of decorators and use them quite a lot. I've also ready that function calls are expensive in python. In the above example, does the interpreter call 5 different functions? At def-execution time, presumably 6 (the two decorators w/o args, plus 2 each for those w/args); at call time, it depends what the decorators are doing (if each adds exactly one wrapping closure, for example, there will indeed be 5 nested calls). Unfortunately I do not know much of today's cherrypy internals, so I don't know what each decorator is doing internally. Alex -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why python doesn't use syntax like function(, , x) for default parameters?
Op 2006-03-10, Diez B. Roggisch schreef [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Antoon Pardon wrote: Specifying the names of the keyword parameters costs you a little typing once, but saves everybody (including yourself) a lot of grief later when you're trying to figure out what the heck your code does 6 months later. Could you explain what is so hard in figuring out: func(,,4) We sure don't seem to have a problem with figuring out things like lst[::2] That is the usual polemics. Its a HUGE difference if I'm supposed to remember 2 default values that are 0 and size-of-sequence, in a specialized syntax, Those default values are not 0 and size-of-sequence, you may have only experience with situations where they behave as such but that is not the same. than arbitrary values f(,3) in some arbitrary function. If you need to know these values then you will need to know them just as much when a keyword is used or when the default values are used later. Calling f(3) or f(arg5=3) Will give you no more a clue about the missing default values than calling f(,3) At least in the last call you are given a clue about missing arguments. -- Antoon Pardon -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Why python doesn't use syntax like function(, , x) for default parameters?
Op 2006-03-10, Roy Smith schreef [EMAIL PROTECTED]: In article [EMAIL PROTECTED], Antoon Pardon [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Op 2006-03-10, Roy Smith schreef [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Dmitry Anikin [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: There are often situations when a function has independent parameters, all having reasonable defaults, and I want to provide just several of them. In fact, I can do it using keyword parameters, but it's rather long and you have to remember/lookup names of parameters. Specifying the names of the keyword parameters costs you a little typing once, but saves everybody (including yourself) a lot of grief later when you're trying to figure out what the heck your code does 6 months later. Could you explain what is so hard in figuring out: func(,,4) Because while I probably remember what func does (especially if it's well named), it's less likely that I remember all the arguments it takes, and even less that I remember what order they come in. Do you have trouble remembering that range(n) is actually providing the second parameter to the function and what it does? Let's say I've got a function which makes a network connection. It takes optional arguments for a port number to connect to, a timeout (in seconds) and a buffer size (in kbytes) to use. If we used your syntax, what does connect (,,20) mean? You have to go look up the definition of the function to find out, don't you? But, if I wrote connect (port=20), it's obvious to anybody reading the code what the 20 is. I don't consider this an argument. We already have the problem that we need to figure out what connect(20) means. connect(,,20) will at least make it clear that some parameters are missing. My syntax doesn't make it easier to introduce inclarities than python can. Sure connect(port=20) provides extra clarity, but nobody seems to have a problem with range(n) where n suddenly is the second parameter and we use the default for the first. If we want to allow things like that I would prefer range(,n) that at least makes it clear what is going on. -- Antoon Pardon -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
Re: Numbers in python
If your still worried by using floats for your values you may wish to
look into the decimal module:
http://docs.python.org/lib/module-decimal.html
Example:
from decimal import Decimal
Decimal(2) + Decimal('1.47')
Decimal(3.47)
Regards,
Neil
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operator creation?
Hi all. Ill try to explain mi situation:
Lets say i have an DB object, who implements the querys to the database
trough a method called DBObject.doQuery.
On the other hand, i have 50 sql functions stored in the database. So i
can call DBObject.doQuery('select * from my_sql_function()')...Ok, what
do i want to achieve, is some mecanism to be able to call
DBObject.my_sql_function(), but without actually having to declare the
method called my_sql_function. May be with creating a `-' operator...
maybe overrwriting the '.' operator...
Im not shure. If someone understand my problem (and my poor english),
please help :)
Gerardo
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