Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 09/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Implement erase suspend/resume

2019-04-17 Thread Thomas Huth
On 18/04/2019 00.01, Stephen Checkoway wrote: > During a sector erase (but not a chip erase), the embeded erase program > can be suspended. Once suspended, the sectors not selected for erasure > may be read and programmed. Autoselect mode is allowed during erase > suspend mode. Presumably, CFI

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 08/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Implement multi-sector erase

2019-04-17 Thread Thomas Huth
On 18/04/2019 00.01, Stephen Checkoway wrote: > After two unlock cycles and a sector erase command, the AMD flash chips > start a 50 us erase time out. Any additional sector erase commands add a > sector to be erased and restart the 50 us timeout. During the timeout, > status bit DQ3 is cleared.

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 01/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Add test for supported commands

2019-04-17 Thread Thomas Huth
On 18/04/2019 00.01, Stephen Checkoway wrote: > Test the AMD command set for parallel flash chips. This test uses an > ARM musicpal board with a pflash drive to test the following list of > currently-supported commands. > - Autoselect > - CFI > - Sector erase > - Chip erase > - Program > - Unlock

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 06/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Fix CFI in autoselect mode

2019-04-17 Thread Thomas Huth
On 18/04/2019 00.01, Stephen Checkoway wrote: > After a flash device enters CFI mode from autoselect mode, the reset > command returns the device to autoselect mode. An additional reset > command is necessary to return to read array mode. > > Signed-off-by: Stephen Checkoway > --- [...] > diff

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 05/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Implement nonuniform sector sizes

2019-04-17 Thread Thomas Huth
On 18/04/2019 00.01, Stephen Checkoway wrote: > Some flash chips support sectors of different sizes. For example, the > AMD AM29LV160DT has 31 64 kB sectors, one 32 kB sector, two 8 kB > sectors, and a 16 kB sector, in that order. The AM29LV160DB has those in > the reverse order. > > The

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 04/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Implement intereleaved flash devices

2019-04-17 Thread Thomas Huth
On 18/04/2019 00.01, Stephen Checkoway wrote: > It's common for multiple narrow flash chips to be hooked up in parallel > to support wider buses. For example, four 8-bit wide flash chips (x8) > may be combined in parallel to produce a 32-bit wide device. Similarly, > two 16-bit wide chips (x16)

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 03/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Fix command address comparison

2019-04-17 Thread Thomas Huth
On 18/04/2019 00.01, Stephen Checkoway wrote: > Most AMD commands only examine 11 bits of the address. This masks the > addresses used in the comparison to 11 bits. The exceptions are word or > sector addresses which use offset directly rather than the shifted > offset, boff. > > Signed-off-by:

[Qemu-block] [PATCH] docs/interop/bitmaps: rewrite and modernize doc

2019-04-17 Thread John Snow
This just about rewrites the entirety of the bitmaps.rst document to make it consistent with the 4.0 release. I have added new features seen in the 4.0 release, as well as tried to clarify some points that keep coming up when discussing this feature both in-house and upstream. Yes, it's a lot

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 10/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Use the chip erase time specified in the CFI table

2019-04-17 Thread Stephen Checkoway
When erasing the chip, use the typical time specified in the CFI table rather than arbitrarily selecting 5 seconds. Since the currently unconfigurable value set in the table is 12, this means a chip erase takes 4096 ms so this isn't a big change in behavior. Signed-off-by: Stephen Checkoway ---

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 09/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Implement erase suspend/resume

2019-04-17 Thread Stephen Checkoway
During a sector erase (but not a chip erase), the embeded erase program can be suspended. Once suspended, the sectors not selected for erasure may be read and programmed. Autoselect mode is allowed during erase suspend mode. Presumably, CFI queries are similarly allowed so this commit allows them

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 02/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Refactor, NFC intended

2019-04-17 Thread Stephen Checkoway
Simplify and refactor for upcoming commits. In particular, pull out all of the code to modify the status into simple helper functions. Status handling becomes more complex once multiple chips are interleaved to produce a single device. No change in functionality is intended with this commit.

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 03/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Fix command address comparison

2019-04-17 Thread Stephen Checkoway
Most AMD commands only examine 11 bits of the address. This masks the addresses used in the comparison to 11 bits. The exceptions are word or sector addresses which use offset directly rather than the shifted offset, boff. Signed-off-by: Stephen Checkoway --- hw/block/pflash_cfi02.c | 8

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 05/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Implement nonuniform sector sizes

2019-04-17 Thread Stephen Checkoway
Some flash chips support sectors of different sizes. For example, the AMD AM29LV160DT has 31 64 kB sectors, one 32 kB sector, two 8 kB sectors, and a 16 kB sector, in that order. The AM29LV160DB has those in the reverse order. The `num-blocks` and `sector-length` properties work exactly as they

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 04/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Implement intereleaved flash devices

2019-04-17 Thread Stephen Checkoway
It's common for multiple narrow flash chips to be hooked up in parallel to support wider buses. For example, four 8-bit wide flash chips (x8) may be combined in parallel to produce a 32-bit wide device. Similarly, two 16-bit wide chips (x16) may be combined. This commit introduces `device-width`

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 08/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Implement multi-sector erase

2019-04-17 Thread Stephen Checkoway
After two unlock cycles and a sector erase command, the AMD flash chips start a 50 us erase time out. Any additional sector erase commands add a sector to be erased and restart the 50 us timeout. During the timeout, status bit DQ3 is cleared. After the time out, DQ3 is asserted during erasure.

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 06/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Fix CFI in autoselect mode

2019-04-17 Thread Stephen Checkoway
After a flash device enters CFI mode from autoselect mode, the reset command returns the device to autoselect mode. An additional reset command is necessary to return to read array mode. Signed-off-by: Stephen Checkoway --- hw/block/pflash_cfi02.c | 21 +

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 01/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Add test for supported commands

2019-04-17 Thread Stephen Checkoway
Test the AMD command set for parallel flash chips. This test uses an ARM musicpal board with a pflash drive to test the following list of currently-supported commands. - Autoselect - CFI - Sector erase - Chip erase - Program - Unlock bypass - Reset Signed-off-by: Stephen Checkoway ---

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 07/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Fix reset command not ignored during erase

2019-04-17 Thread Stephen Checkoway
When the flash device is performing a chip erase, all commands are ignored. When it is performing a sector erase, only the erase suspend command is valid, which is currently not supported. In particular, the reset command should not cause the device to reset to read array mode while programming

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 00/10] block/pflash_cfi02: Implement missing AMD pflash functionality

2019-04-17 Thread Stephen Checkoway
The goal of this patch series implement the following AMD command-set parallel flash functionality: - flash interleaving; - nonuniform sector sizes; - erase suspend/resume commands; and - multi-sector erase. During refactoring and implementation, I discovered several bugs that are fixed here as

Re: [Qemu-block] [Qemu-devel] [PATCH 0/5] Few fixes for userspace NVME driver

2019-04-17 Thread Maxim Levitsky
On Tue, 2019-04-16 at 15:50 +0200, Paolo Bonzini wrote: > On 15/04/19 15:57, Maxim Levitsky wrote: > > > > > > Hi! > > These are few assorted fixes and features for the userspace > > nvme driver. > > > > Tested that on my laptop with my Samsung X5 thunderbolt drive, which > > happens to have 4K

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v2 4/5] block/nvme: add support for write zeros

2019-04-17 Thread Maxim Levitsky
Signed-off-by: Maxim Levitsky --- block/nvme.c | 69 +++- block/trace-events | 1 + include/block/nvme.h | 19 +++- 3 files changed, 87 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/block/nvme.c b/block/nvme.c index 0b1da54574..35b925899f

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v2 5/5] block/nvme: add support for discard

2019-04-17 Thread Maxim Levitsky
Signed-off-by: Maxim Levitsky --- block/nvme.c | 80 ++ block/trace-events | 2 ++ 2 files changed, 82 insertions(+) diff --git a/block/nvme.c b/block/nvme.c index 35b925899f..b83912c627 100644 --- a/block/nvme.c +++ b/block/nvme.c @@ -110,6

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v2 3/5] block/nvme: support larger that 512 bytes sector devices

2019-04-17 Thread Maxim Levitsky
Currently the driver hardcodes the sector size to 512, and doesn't check the underlying device Also fail if underlying nvme device is formatted with metadata as this needs special support. Signed-off-by: Maxim Levitsky --- block/nvme.c | 40 +++- 1 file

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v2 1/5] block/nvme: don't flip CQ phase bits

2019-04-17 Thread Maxim Levitsky
Phase bits are only set by the hardware to indicate new completions and not by the device driver. Signed-off-by: Maxim Levitsky --- block/nvme.c | 2 -- 1 file changed, 2 deletions(-) diff --git a/block/nvme.c b/block/nvme.c index 0684bbd077..2d208000df 100644 --- a/block/nvme.c +++

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v2 0/5] Few fixes for userspace NVME driver

2019-04-17 Thread Maxim Levitsky
Hi! These are few assorted fixes and features for the userspace nvme driver. Tested that on my laptop with my Samsung X5 thunderbolt drive, which happens to have 4K sectors, support for discard and write zeros. Also bunch of fixes sitting in my queue from the period when I developed the

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v2 2/5] block/nvme: fix doorbell stride

2019-04-17 Thread Maxim Levitsky
Fix the math involving non standard doorbell stride Signed-off-by: Maxim Levitsky --- block/nvme.c | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/block/nvme.c b/block/nvme.c index 2d208000df..208242cf1f 100644 --- a/block/nvme.c +++ b/block/nvme.c @@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ static

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 12/15] blockdev: Make -drive format=help print to stdout

2019-04-17 Thread Markus Armbruster
Command line help explicitly requested by the user should be printed to stdout, not stderr. We do elsewhere. Adjust -drive to match: use qemu_printf() instead of error_printf(). Plain printf() would be wrong because we need to print to the current monitor for "drive_add ... format=help". Cc:

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 01/15] qemu-img: Use error_vreport() in error_exit()

2019-04-17 Thread Markus Armbruster
error_exit() uses low-level error_printf() to report errors. Modernize it to use error_vreport(). Cc: Kevin Wolf Cc: Max Reitz Cc: qemu-block@nongnu.org Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster Reviewed-by: Eric Blake --- qemu-img.c | 6 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) diff

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 02/15] block/ssh: Do not report read/write/flush errors to the user

2019-04-17 Thread Markus Armbruster
Callbacks ssh_co_readv(), ssh_co_writev(), ssh_co_flush() report errors to the user with error_printf(). They shouldn't, it's their caller's job. Replace by a suitable trace point. While there, drop the unreachable !s->sftp case. Perhaps we should convert this part of the block driver

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 2/2] qemu-img: Saner printing of large file sizes

2019-04-17 Thread Max Reitz
On 17.04.19 19:11, Eric Blake wrote: > Disk sizes close to INT64_MAX cause overflow, for some pretty > ridiculous output: > > $ ./nbdkit -U - memory size=$((2**63 - 512)) --run 'qemu-img info $nbd' > image: nbd+unix://?socket=/tmp/nbdkitHSAzNz/socket > file format: raw > virtual size:

Re: [Qemu-block] [Qemu-devel] [PATCH for-4.1 v2] qemu-img: Saner printing of large file sizes

2019-04-17 Thread Daniel P . Berrangé
On Wed, Apr 17, 2019 at 11:58:57AM -0500, Eric Blake wrote: > On 4/10/19 2:28 PM, Max Reitz wrote: > > On 01.04.19 16:57, Eric Blake wrote: > >> Disk sizes close to INT64_MAX cause overflow, for some pretty > >> ridiculous output: > >> > >> $ ./nbdkit -U - memory size=$((2**63 - 512)) --run

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 1/2] cutils: Fix size_to_str() on 32-bit platforms

2019-04-17 Thread Max Reitz
On 17.04.19 19:11, Eric Blake wrote: > When extracting a human-readable size formatter, we changed 'uint64_t > div' pre-patch to 'unsigned long div' post-patch. Which breaks on > 32-bit platforms, resulting in 'inf' instead of intended values larger > than 999GB. > > Fixes: 22951aaa > CC:

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH for-4.1 v2] qemu-img: Saner printing of large file sizes

2019-04-17 Thread Max Reitz
On 17.04.19 18:58, Eric Blake wrote: > On 4/10/19 2:28 PM, Max Reitz wrote: >> On 01.04.19 16:57, Eric Blake wrote: >>> Disk sizes close to INT64_MAX cause overflow, for some pretty >>> ridiculous output: >>> >>> $ ./nbdkit -U - memory size=$((2**63 - 512)) --run 'qemu-img info $nbd' >>>

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 2/2] qemu-img: Saner printing of large file sizes

2019-04-17 Thread Eric Blake
Disk sizes close to INT64_MAX cause overflow, for some pretty ridiculous output: $ ./nbdkit -U - memory size=$((2**63 - 512)) --run 'qemu-img info $nbd' image: nbd+unix://?socket=/tmp/nbdkitHSAzNz/socket file format: raw virtual size: -8388607T (9223372036854775296 bytes) disk size:

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 1/2] cutils: Fix size_to_str() on 32-bit platforms

2019-04-17 Thread Eric Blake
When extracting a human-readable size formatter, we changed 'uint64_t div' pre-patch to 'unsigned long div' post-patch. Which breaks on 32-bit platforms, resulting in 'inf' instead of intended values larger than 999GB. Fixes: 22951aaa CC: qemu-sta...@nongnu.org Reported-by: Max Reitz

[Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 0/2] Saner printing of large file sizes

2019-04-17 Thread Eric Blake
since v2: Fix problems pointed out by Max: vmdk (test 59) output had not actually been tested 32-bit builds of size_to_str() have been been broken since 2.10 Eric Blake (2): cutils: Fix size_to_str() on 32-bit platforms qemu-img: Saner printing of large file sizes block/qapi.c

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH for-4.1 v2] qemu-img: Saner printing of large file sizes

2019-04-17 Thread Eric Blake
On 4/10/19 2:28 PM, Max Reitz wrote: > On 01.04.19 16:57, Eric Blake wrote: >> Disk sizes close to INT64_MAX cause overflow, for some pretty >> ridiculous output: >> >> $ ./nbdkit -U - memory size=$((2**63 - 512)) --run 'qemu-img info $nbd' >> image: nbd+unix://?socket=/tmp/nbdkitHSAzNz/socket

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH] block: Fix AioContext switch for bs->drv == NULL

2019-04-17 Thread Max Reitz
On 17.04.19 17:48, Kevin Wolf wrote: > Even for block nodes with bs->drv == NULL, we can't just ignore a > bdrv_set_aio_context() call. Leaving the node in its old context can > mean that it's still in an iothread context in bdrv_close_all() during > shutdown, resulting in an attempted unlock of

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 7/7] iotests: Test qemu-img convert -C --salvage

2019-04-17 Thread Max Reitz
On 16.04.19 10:13, Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy wrote: > 13.04.2019 19:53, Max Reitz wrote: >> We do not support this combination (yet), so this should yield an error >> message. >> >> Signed-off-by: Max Reitz > > Tested-by: Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy > [only -qcow2, as -nfs

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 6/7] iotests: Test qemu-img convert --salvage

2019-04-17 Thread Max Reitz
On 16.04.19 10:02, Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy wrote: > 13.04.2019 19:53, Max Reitz wrote: >> This test converts a simple image to another, but blkdebug injects >> block_status and read faults at some offsets. The resulting image >> should be the same as the input image, except that sectors that

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH v3 3/7] blkdebug: Add @iotype error option

2019-04-17 Thread Max Reitz
On 16.04.19 09:18, Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy wrote: > 13.04.2019 19:53, Max Reitz wrote: >> This new error option allows users of blkdebug to inject errors only on >> certain kinds of I/O operations. Users usually want to make a very >> specific operation fail, not just any; but right now they

Re: [Qemu-block] [Qemu-devel] [PATCH v4 02/11] block: Filtered children access functions

2019-04-17 Thread Max Reitz
On 16.04.19 12:02, Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy wrote: > 10.04.2019 23:20, Max Reitz wrote: >> What bs->file and bs->backing mean depends on the node. For filter >> nodes, both signify a node that will eventually receive all R/W >> accesses. For format nodes, bs->file contains metadata and data,

Re: [Qemu-block] [Qemu-devel] [PATCH] block: Fix AioContext switch for bs->drv == NULL

2019-04-17 Thread Eric Blake
On 4/17/19 10:48 AM, Kevin Wolf wrote: > Even for block nodes with bs->drv == NULL, we can't just ignore a > bdrv_set_aio_context() call. Leaving the node in its old context can > mean that it's still in an iothread context in bdrv_close_all() during > shutdown, resulting in an attempted unlock of

[Qemu-block] [PATCH] block: Fix AioContext switch for bs->drv == NULL

2019-04-17 Thread Kevin Wolf
Even for block nodes with bs->drv == NULL, we can't just ignore a bdrv_set_aio_context() call. Leaving the node in its old context can mean that it's still in an iothread context in bdrv_close_all() during shutdown, resulting in an attempted unlock of the AioContext lock which we don't hold. This

Re: [Qemu-block] [Qemu-devel] [PATCH] iotests: Make 182 do without device_add

2019-04-17 Thread Eric Blake
On 4/17/19 10:30 AM, Max Reitz wrote: > 182 fails if qemu has no support for hotplugging of a virtio-blk device. > Using an NBD server instead works just as well for the test, even on > qemus without hotplugging support. > > Fixes: 6d0a4a0fb5c8f10c8eb68b52cfda0082b00ae963 > Reported-by: Danilo C.

[Qemu-block] [PATCH] iotests: Make 182 do without device_add

2019-04-17 Thread Max Reitz
182 fails if qemu has no support for hotplugging of a virtio-blk device. Using an NBD server instead works just as well for the test, even on qemus without hotplugging support. Fixes: 6d0a4a0fb5c8f10c8eb68b52cfda0082b00ae963 Reported-by: Danilo C. L. de Paula Signed-off-by: Max Reitz --- To

Re: [Qemu-block] [Qemu-devel] [PATCH 2/2] iotests: test big qcow2 shrink

2019-04-17 Thread Eric Blake
On 4/17/19 5:09 AM, Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy wrote: > Signed-off-by: Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy > --- > tests/qemu-iotests/249 | 69 ++ > tests/qemu-iotests/249.out | 30 + > tests/qemu-iotests/group | 1 + > 3 files changed, 100

Re: [Qemu-block] [Qemu-devel] [PATCH 1/2] block/io: bdrv_pdiscard: support int64_t bytes parameter

2019-04-17 Thread Eric Blake
On 4/17/19 5:09 AM, Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy wrote: > This fixes at least one overflow in qcow2_process_discards. It's worth calling out how long the problem of passing >2G discard requests has been present (my reply to the cover letter tracked down 0b919fae as tracking a 64-bit discard

Re: [Qemu-block] [Qemu-devel] [PATCH for-4.0? 0/2] Fix overflow bug in qcow2 discard

2019-04-17 Thread Eric Blake
On 4/17/19 5:09 AM, Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy wrote: > Hi all. We faced an interesting bug, which may be simply reproduced: > > prepare image: > ./qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=1M /ssd/test 2300M > ./qemu-io -c 'write 100M 2000M' -c 'write 2100M 200M' -c 'write 0 100M' > /ssd/test

Re: [Qemu-block] [PATCH] scsi-generic: prevent guest from exceeding SG_IO limits

2019-04-17 Thread Stefan Hajnoczi
On Wed, Apr 17, 2019 at 12:54 PM Paolo Bonzini wrote: > Linux places a limit of UIO_MAXIOV pages on SG_IO ioctls (and if the limit > is exceeded, a confusing ENOMEM error is returned[1]). Prevent the guest > from exceeding these limits, by capping the maximum transfer length to > that value in

[Qemu-block] [PATCH] scsi-generic: prevent guest from exceeding SG_IO limits

2019-04-17 Thread Paolo Bonzini
Linux places a limit of UIO_MAXIOV pages on SG_IO ioctls (and if the limit is exceeded, a confusing ENOMEM error is returned[1]). Prevent the guest from exceeding these limits, by capping the maximum transfer length to that value in the block limits VPD page. [1] Oh well, at least it was easier

[Qemu-block] [PATCH 2/2] iotests: test big qcow2 shrink

2019-04-17 Thread Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy --- tests/qemu-iotests/249 | 69 ++ tests/qemu-iotests/249.out | 30 + tests/qemu-iotests/group | 1 + 3 files changed, 100 insertions(+) create mode 100755 tests/qemu-iotests/249 create mode

[Qemu-block] [PATCH 1/2] block/io: bdrv_pdiscard: support int64_t bytes parameter

2019-04-17 Thread Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy
This fixes at least one overflow in qcow2_process_discards. Signed-off-by: Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy --- include/block/block.h | 4 ++-- block/io.c| 19 ++- 2 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-) diff --git a/include/block/block.h

[Qemu-block] [PATCH for-4.0? 0/2] Fix overflow bug in qcow2 discard

2019-04-17 Thread Vladimir Sementsov-Ogievskiy
Hi all. We faced an interesting bug, which may be simply reproduced: prepare image: ./qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o cluster_size=1M /ssd/test 2300M ./qemu-io -c 'write 100M 2000M' -c 'write 2100M 200M' -c 'write 0 100M' /ssd/test shrink: ./qemu-img resize --shrink /ssd/test 50M bug: ./qemu-img

Re: [Qemu-block] [Qemu-devel] [PATCH RFC 1/1] block/rbd: increase dynamically the image size

2019-04-17 Thread Kevin Wolf
Am 17.04.2019 um 09:34 hat Stefano Garzarella geschrieben: > On Mon, Apr 15, 2019 at 10:04:52AM +0200, Kevin Wolf wrote: > > > > I think a potential actual use case could be persistent dirty bitmaps > > for incremental backup. Though maybe that would be better served by > > using the rbd image

Re: [Qemu-block] [Qemu-devel] [PATCH RFC 1/1] block/rbd: increase dynamically the image size

2019-04-17 Thread Stefano Garzarella
On Mon, Apr 15, 2019 at 10:04:52AM +0200, Kevin Wolf wrote: > > I think a potential actual use case could be persistent dirty bitmaps > for incremental backup. Though maybe that would be better served by > using the rbd image just as a raw external data file and keeping the > qcow2 metadata on a