Set cpu->running without taking the cpu_list lock, only requiring it if there is a concurrent exclusive section. This requires adding a new field to CPUState, which records whether a running CPU is being counted in pending_cpus.
When an exclusive section is started concurrently with cpu_exec_start, cpu_exec_start can use the new field to determine if it has to wait for the end of the exclusive section. Likewise, cpu_exec_end can use it to see if start_exclusive is waiting for that CPU. This a separate patch for easier bisection of issues. Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonz...@redhat.com> --- cpus-common.c | 95 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------- docs/tcg-exclusive.promela | 53 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-- include/qom/cpu.h | 5 ++- 3 files changed, 133 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) diff --git a/cpus-common.c b/cpus-common.c index 38b1d55..3e11452 100644 --- a/cpus-common.c +++ b/cpus-common.c @@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ static QemuCond exclusive_cond; static QemuCond exclusive_resume; static QemuCond qemu_work_cond; +/* >= 1 if a thread is inside start_exclusive/end_exclusive. Written + * under qemu_cpu_list_lock, read with atomic operations. + */ static int pending_cpus; void qemu_init_cpu_list(void) @@ -177,18 +180,26 @@ static inline void exclusive_idle(void) void start_exclusive(void) { CPUState *other_cpu; + int running_cpus; qemu_mutex_lock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock); exclusive_idle(); /* Make all other cpus stop executing. */ - pending_cpus = 1; + atomic_set(&pending_cpus, 1); + + /* Write pending_cpus before reading other_cpu->running. */ + smp_mb(); + running_cpus = 0; CPU_FOREACH(other_cpu) { - if (other_cpu->running) { - pending_cpus++; + if (atomic_read(&other_cpu->running)) { + other_cpu->has_waiter = true; + running_cpus++; qemu_cpu_kick(other_cpu); } } + + atomic_set(&pending_cpus, running_cpus + 1); while (pending_cpus > 1) { qemu_cond_wait(&exclusive_cond, &qemu_cpu_list_lock); } @@ -203,7 +214,7 @@ void start_exclusive(void) void end_exclusive(void) { qemu_mutex_lock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock); - pending_cpus = 0; + atomic_set(&pending_cpus, 0); qemu_cond_broadcast(&exclusive_resume); qemu_mutex_unlock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock); } @@ -211,24 +222,78 @@ void end_exclusive(void) /* Wait for exclusive ops to finish, and begin cpu execution. */ void cpu_exec_start(CPUState *cpu) { - qemu_mutex_lock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock); - exclusive_idle(); - cpu->running = true; - qemu_mutex_unlock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock); + atomic_set(&cpu->running, true); + + /* Write cpu->running before reading pending_cpus. */ + smp_mb(); + + /* 1. start_exclusive saw cpu->running == true and pending_cpus >= 1. + * After taking the lock we'll see cpu->has_waiter == true and run---not + * for long because start_exclusive kicked us. cpu_exec_end will + * decrement pending_cpus and signal the waiter. + * + * 2. start_exclusive saw cpu->running == false but pending_cpus >= 1. + * This includes the case when an exclusive item is running now. + * Then we'll see cpu->has_waiter == false and wait for the item to + * complete. + * + * 3. pending_cpus == 0. Then start_exclusive is definitely going to + * see cpu->running == true, and it will kick the CPU. + */ + if (unlikely(atomic_read(&pending_cpus))) { + qemu_mutex_lock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock); + if (!cpu->has_waiter) { + /* Not counted in pending_cpus, let the exclusive item + * run. Since we have the lock, just set cpu->running to true + * while holding it; no need to check pending_cpus again. + */ + atomic_set(&cpu->running, false); + exclusive_idle(); + /* Now pending_cpus is zero. */ + atomic_set(&cpu->running, true); + } else { + /* Counted in pending_cpus, go ahead and release the + * waiter at cpu_exec_end. + */ + } + qemu_mutex_unlock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock); + } } /* Mark cpu as not executing, and release pending exclusive ops. */ void cpu_exec_end(CPUState *cpu) { - qemu_mutex_lock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock); - cpu->running = false; - if (pending_cpus > 1) { - pending_cpus--; - if (pending_cpus == 1) { - qemu_cond_signal(&exclusive_cond); + atomic_set(&cpu->running, false); + + /* Write cpu->running before reading pending_cpus. */ + smp_mb(); + + /* 1. start_exclusive saw cpu->running == true. Then it will increment + * pending_cpus and wait for exclusive_cond. After taking the lock + * we'll see cpu->has_waiter == true. + * + * 2. start_exclusive saw cpu->running == false but here pending_cpus >= 1. + * This includes the case when an exclusive item started after setting + * cpu->running to false and before we read pending_cpus. Then we'll see + * cpu->has_waiter == false and not touch pending_cpus. The next call to + * cpu_exec_start will run exclusive_idle if still necessary, thus waiting + * for the item to complete. + * + * 3. pending_cpus == 0. Then start_exclusive is definitely going to + * see cpu->running == false, and it can ignore this CPU until the + * next cpu_exec_start. + */ + if (unlikely(atomic_read(&pending_cpus))) { + qemu_mutex_lock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock); + if (cpu->has_waiter) { + cpu->has_waiter = false; + atomic_set(&pending_cpus, pending_cpus - 1); + if (pending_cpus == 1) { + qemu_cond_signal(&exclusive_cond); + } } + qemu_mutex_unlock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock); } - qemu_mutex_unlock(&qemu_cpu_list_lock); } void async_safe_run_on_cpu(CPUState *cpu, run_on_cpu_func func, void *data) diff --git a/docs/tcg-exclusive.promela b/docs/tcg-exclusive.promela index feac679..c91cfca 100644 --- a/docs/tcg-exclusive.promela +++ b/docs/tcg-exclusive.promela @@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ * gcc pan.c -O2 * ./a.out -a * - * Tunable processor macros: N_CPUS, N_EXCLUSIVE, N_CYCLES, TEST_EXPENSIVE. + * Tunable processor macros: N_CPUS, N_EXCLUSIVE, N_CYCLES, USE_MUTEX, + * TEST_EXPENSIVE. */ // Define the missing parameters for the model @@ -22,8 +23,10 @@ #warning defaulting to 2 CPU processes #endif -// the expensive test is not so expensive for <= 3 CPUs -#if N_CPUS <= 3 +// the expensive test is not so expensive for <= 2 CPUs +// If the mutex is used, it's also cheap (300 MB / 4 seconds) for 3 CPUs +// For 3 CPUs and the lock-free option it needs 1.5 GB of RAM +#if N_CPUS <= 2 || (N_CPUS <= 3 && defined USE_MUTEX) #define TEST_EXPENSIVE #endif @@ -107,6 +110,8 @@ byte has_waiter[N_CPUS]; COND_BROADCAST(exclusive_resume); \ MUTEX_UNLOCK(mutex); +#ifdef USE_MUTEX +// Simple version using mutexes #define cpu_exec_start(id) \ MUTEX_LOCK(mutex); \ exclusive_idle(); \ @@ -127,6 +132,48 @@ byte has_waiter[N_CPUS]; :: else -> skip; \ fi; \ MUTEX_UNLOCK(mutex); +#else +// Wait-free fast path, only needs mutex when concurrent with +// an exclusive section +#define cpu_exec_start(id) \ + running[id] = 1; \ + if \ + :: pending_cpus -> { \ + MUTEX_LOCK(mutex); \ + if \ + :: !has_waiter[id] -> { \ + running[id] = 0; \ + exclusive_idle(); \ + running[id] = 1; \ + } \ + :: else -> skip; \ + fi; \ + MUTEX_UNLOCK(mutex); \ + } \ + :: else -> skip; \ + fi; + +#define cpu_exec_end(id) \ + running[id] = 0; \ + if \ + :: pending_cpus -> { \ + MUTEX_LOCK(mutex); \ + if \ + :: has_waiter[id] -> { \ + has_waiter[id] = 0; \ + pending_cpus--; \ + if \ + :: pending_cpus == 1 -> COND_BROADCAST(exclusive_cond); \ + :: else -> skip; \ + fi; \ + } \ + :: else -> skip; \ + fi; \ + MUTEX_UNLOCK(mutex); \ + } \ + :: else -> skip; \ + fi +#endif // Promela processes diff --git a/include/qom/cpu.h b/include/qom/cpu.h index 5dfe74a..22b54d6 100644 --- a/include/qom/cpu.h +++ b/include/qom/cpu.h @@ -242,7 +242,8 @@ struct qemu_work_item; * @nr_threads: Number of threads within this CPU. * @numa_node: NUMA node this CPU is belonging to. * @host_tid: Host thread ID. - * @running: #true if CPU is currently running; + * @running: #true if CPU is currently running (lockless). + * @has_waiter: #true if a CPU is currently waiting for the cpu_exec_end; * valid under cpu_list_lock. * @created: Indicates whether the CPU thread has been successfully created. * @interrupt_request: Indicates a pending interrupt request. @@ -296,7 +297,7 @@ struct CPUState { #endif int thread_id; uint32_t host_tid; - bool running; + bool running, has_waiter; struct QemuCond *halt_cond; bool thread_kicked; bool created; -- 2.7.4