As I see it Namem...no expert but I would say: 1)Yubikey most secure (I have seen other similar devices that might be more secure) 2)Google Authenticator (also similar type apps that are non google are also available 3) Text message (almost useless in my opinion but better then nothing)
In my experience all of these are not really effective if the OS, browser (or the connection) is compromised. I also suspect the OS, browser or connection are more suseptable to an attack then the 2 step used. Some other "secure" email options: Protonmail (authenticator only) FastMail can use a Yubikey (but Australian) Tutanato (authenticator only...however they recently added a recovery key in case you get locked out vs an email recovery option) Google/Gmail (pretty secure but I just don't trust google...US company) If you find something better (besides hosting your own email) I am all ears...maybe use an air gapped ipod and use that for your authentication apps? Not sure I answered your question, nor is this a Qubes specific question but hope this helps... -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "qubes-users" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to qubes-users+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to qubes-users@googlegroups.com. To view this discussion on the web visit https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/qubes-users/aa784db0-ae48-4e9f-9fc7-2153a1d3da9a%40googlegroups.com. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.