Hi,
I need help to write the following log-likelihood function in R:
log(L) = sum [(y_k - y_k-1).log(m(t_k) - m(t_k-1)) - (m(t_k) - m(t_k-1)) -
log((y_k -y_k-1)!)]
I need to write this log-likelihood function in order to find the parameters
by MLE method.
Appreciate the help.
--
View this
Hello all, i'm a newbie of R trying to make some statistical work in R
environment. Now i have to laptops, one is Thinkpad X40 with Debian
Lenny and the other is Thinkpad T43 with Ubuntu 8.10. Recently i met
such problem and am wondering if anybody can do some help.
After upgrading my
On Tue, 2 Sep 2008, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi Professor Ripley,
(Thank you very much)^infinite for your response. I still have few questions
1. R shows that I have two column in nlaw data.
ncol(nlaw)
[1] 2
corr(nlaw)
[1] 0.7763745
Since we don't have law, we don't know what nlaw is: you
As possible help to others, and also as a request for comments on how I
might do things better, I describe how I've recently altered my system to
handle this.
I'm on a Windows Server 2003 network and the R installation is accessible to
many others. Everyone has read access to all installation
Hello Dimitris, Hello Gabor,
absolutely incredible! I can't tell you how happy I am about your code
which worked out of the box and saved me from days of boring and stupid
Excel-handwork. Thank you a thousand times!
Just for other newbies, that might be faced with a similar problem, I'd
like to
Thanks Duncan - a couple of extra points... I should have perhaps pointed out
that the data are on a *regular* 'box' grid (with each value currently spaced
at 1 degree intervals). Also, I'm looking for something fairly simple, like a
bilinear interpolation (where each new point is created
Hi R!
I attempt to clear my question through this example. We know that the
default functions for t.test is
t.test(x, y = NULL,
alternative = c(two.sided, less, greater),
mu = 0, paired = FALSE, var.equal = FALSE,
conf.level = 0.95, ...)
Suppose, I want to
I can't test it right now, but is this ok ?
t.test.new - function(x, y = NULL,
alternative = c(two.sided, less, greater),
mu = 0, paired = TRUE, var.equal = FALSE,
conf.level = 0.95, ...) {
t.test(x, y,
alternative,
mu, paired, var.equal,
conf.level,
I try to perform a clustering using an existing dissimilarity matrix that I
calculated using distance (analogue)
I tried two different things. One of them worked and one not and I don`t
understand why.
Here the code:
not working example
library(cluster)
library(analogue)
Luz Milena Zea Fernandez wrote:
Dear support, we are trying to export a frequency distributions obtanined by
stament freq(x,variable.labels=NULL,display.na=TRUE,levels=NULL)
of prettyR.
How can I do it?
Hi Luz,
If you want to export (save to a file) the output of freq:
sink(myfile.out)
rhelpless wrote:
'm an R newbie struggling a bit with the glmmPQL function (from the nlme
pack). i think i've managed to run the model successfully, but can't seem
to plot the resulting function. plot(glmmPQL(...)) plots the residuals
rather than the model
Use predict on the fit; you
On Tue, 2 Sep 2008, Keith Jewell wrote:
As possible help to others, and also as a request for comments on how I
might do things better, I describe how I've recently altered my system to
handle this.
I'm on a Windows Server 2003 network and the R installation is accessible to
many others.
On Tue, 2 Sep 2008, David Hajage wrote:
I can't test it right now, but is this ok ?
t.test.new - function(x, y = NULL,
alternative = c(two.sided, less, greater),
mu = 0, paired = TRUE, var.equal = FALSE,
conf.level = 0.95, ...) {
t.test(x, y,
alternative,
mu,
hello all,
i'm an R newbie struggling a bit with the glmmPQL function (from the nlme
pack). i think i've managed to run the model successfully, but can't seem
to plot the resulting function. plot(glmmPQL(...)) plots the residuals
rather than the model... i know this should be basic, but i
I read the documentation carefully, yet I miss the experience to do it right
Suppose I have a data.frame DS with this data:
Homepage? Willhaveone?When?
HP WHP WHEN
levels='Yes', 'No' levels='Yes', 'No', 'NV'
OK thanks Moshe I will think about your answer.
Cheers
Bill
On Tue, Sep 2, 2008 at 5:55 AM, Moshe Olshansky [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I do not see why you can not use regression even in this case.
To make things more simple suppose that the exact model is:
y = a + b*x, i.e.
y1 = a + b*x1
Prof Brian Ripley [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
On Tue, 2 Sep 2008, Keith Jewell wrote:
As possible help to others, and also as a request for comments on how I
might do things better, I describe how I've recently altered my system to
handle this.
I'm on a
One possibility is to only keep one version when the third
digit in the version number changes and only create new fresh versions
when the first or second digit in the version number changes. Thus when
going from 2.7.1 to 2.7.2 you could just overwrite the 2.7.1 installation with
the new 2.7.2
On Tue, 2 Sep 2008, Keith Jewell wrote:
Prof Brian Ripley [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
On Tue, 2 Sep 2008, Keith Jewell wrote:
As possible help to others, and also as a request for comments on how I
might do things better, I describe how I've recently altered my
I think this is already fixed: please try the current version of R (see
the posting guide). It is specific to the R.app GUI, so R-sig-mac would
be the appropriate list. (I think this is somewhere in that list's
archives.)
An alternative is to use R's pdf() device, including using
Steve Murray smurray444 at hotmail.com writes:
Thanks Duncan - a couple of extra points... I should have perhaps pointed
out that the data are on a *regular*
'box' grid (with each value currently spaced at 1 degree intervals). Also,
I'm looking for something
fairly simple, like a
Am I missing something or does that list not include Emacs/ESS? It's also
missing TextMate (for the Mac people). There's probably a bunch more stuff
for Eclipse than it mentions.
Michael
On Mon, Sep 1, 2008 at 6:17 PM, Gabor Grothendieck
[EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote:
Check out:
smultron is my favorite editor on mac. It is more or less a text
editor with some text highlighting. I can see the use of Emacs, but
my thinking isn't quite there yet.
for what its worth
Stephen
On Tue, Sep 2, 2008 at 8:41 AM, Michael Lawrence [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Am I missing something
Hi all,
I am working on a single color expression data using limma. I would like to
perform a cluster analysis after selecting the differentially genes based on
the P value (say 0.001). As far as my knowledge is concerned I have to do
the sub setting of these selected genes on the normalized data
I have been using the nls function to fit some simple non-linear
regression models for properties of graphite bricks to historical
datasets. I have then been using these fits to obtain mean predictions
for the properties of the bricks a short time into the future. I have
also been calculating
Hi all,
could someone tell me which is the best user-friendly free/open source sql
database system to use with R, particularly as a back-end for a data-hungry
web page?
Thanks in advance.
Kind Regards
Chibisi
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
Yuan Jian, sending 9 emails within the span of few seconds all with
similar text is very confusing to say the least!
Carl, look up combinations() and permutations() in the gtools package.
For two case scenario, you can use combinations()
v - c(a,b,c)
library(gtools)
tmp -
LuriFax wrote:
When I do a regressional curve fit without any constraints I get a huge
deviation from the measured value and the fitted curve at the first data
point in the curve (se the bottom picture).
Note that this is a text-only list; most people cannot see your figure, I
read it
I am getting a really strange error when I am using predict on an ksvm model.
The error is Error in .local(object, ...) : test vector does not match model
!. I do understand that this happens when the test vectors do not match the
Model. But in this case it is not so. I am attaching a portion
CW == Carl Witthoft [EMAIL PROTECTED]
on Mon, 01 Sep 2008 12:19:07 -0400 writes:
CW I seem to be missing something here:
CW given a set X:{a,b,c,whatever...}
CW the mathematical definition of 'permutation' is the set of all possible
CW sequences of the elements of X.
CW
Dear all,
In my attempt to run the below modelling command in R 2.7.0 under windows XP
(4GB RAM with /3GB switch set) I receive the following error:
Error: cannot allocate vector of size 1.5 Gb
I have searched a bit and have tried adding: --max-mem-size=3071M to the
command line (when
When I create a lattice/Trellis type graph, I typically write a function that
returns the graph, as in
do.graph - function(x, y, ...)
{
require(lattice)
return(xyplot(y~x, ...))
}
My question today is this:
If I want two graphs on one page, one way of achieving it is to print the
(A repost of this request with a bit more detail)
Hi, All. I'd like to calculate effect sizes for aov or lme and seem
to have a bit of a problem. partial-eta squared would be my first
choice, but I'm open to suggestions.
I have a completely within design with 2 conditions (condition and
Dear All,
I am doing experiments in live plant tissue using a laser confocal
microscope. The method is called fluorescence recovery after
photo-bleaching (FRAP) and here follows a short summary:
1. Record/ measure fluorescence intensity in a defined, round region of
interest (ROI, in this case
I don't understand the output of stl. As a simple example:
y - numeric(1:365)
y[250] = 1
stl - stl(ts(y, frequency=7), s.window=periodic)
This returns without error but the results are puzzling to me. If you plot the
results it is probably easiest to visualize what I mean.
plot(stl)
This
Greg
You haven't really explained what your problem is. If it is conceptual
(i.e., how do I do it) this is not really the right place for in-depth
statistical advice, but it is often given. OTOH, if your problem is
computational, please explain what that is? For example, maybe you know
how to
Hello All,
I am looking for some help with was is probably very simple:
I want the y-axis title '$BD(B13C$Bs(B VPDB' and similarly for nitrogen
on a
secondary axis. I am able to get the delta notation and per mil notation
separately but one messes up the other with the inclusion of
Hi Steve,
It could be the case that you are trying to find values that are not in
the range of values you are providing.
For example,
x - c(1,2,3,4,5)
y - c(10,11,12,13,14)
xout - c(0.01,0.02)
approx(x,y,xout,method=linear)
R's output:
$x
[1] 0.01 0.02
$y
[1] NA NA
If you want to see the
I can't reproduce this because the data has two points 0 and one at
the ends of the data set, and I get an na.fail error. There is no
periodic part to this data- it doesn't seem because there are only two
points.
stephen
On Tue, Sep 2, 2008 at 11:38 AM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I don't
dear all,
i'm just about to do some straightforward contingency tables using ftables (and
ctab() for percents).
the problem:
factor a are regions, factor b are subregions.
every region a consists of some subregions b, but obviously not every
subregion b is part of every region a.
if i use the
Have you tried reading some of the material from the BioConductor
workshop http://bioconductor.org/workshops/ ?
Here is a simplistic way of proceeding:
## Calculate pvalues from t-test
p - apply( mat, function(x) t.test( x ~ cl )$p.value )
## Subset
mat.sub - mat[ p, ]
## Cluster
There was a typo. I wnated to form an array so it should be:
y - numeric(365)
Now you should be able to reproduce it.
Kevin
stephen sefick [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
I can't reproduce this because the data has two points 0 and one at
the ends of the data set, and I get an na.fail error.
Hi
I think this may be simple task but creating trouble to me.
In my calculation, i have got large number of rows (5546) and column 182 but i
am not able to see all the rows. May be somebody have idea how i can see all
the rows ? I will be greatful if any body help me.
Thanks in advance
You could try using an assign statement instead:
assign(Globals, list(), .GlobalEnv)
and see if it complains about that or not.
On Mon, Sep 1, 2008 at 10:01 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
The statement Globals - list() in the body of a function in a package was
intended to write an empty list
Try this:
test[test == 0] - ''
test
On Tue, Sep 2, 2008 at 1:03 PM, Marc Flockerzi [EMAIL PROTECTED]wrote:
dear all,
i'm just about to do some straightforward contingency tables using ftables
(and ctab() for percents).
the problem:
factor a are regions, factor b are subregions.
every
See
http://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/rw-FAQ.html#There-seems-to-be-a-limit-on-the-memory-it-uses_0021
Rory Winston
RBS Global Banking Markets
Office: +44 20 7085 4476
-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Hayes, Daniel
Sent: 02
On Tue, 2 Sep 2008 [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
The statement Globals - list() in the body of a function in a package was
intended to write an empty list to the R workspace to collect results during
the computations of the function. A package name space has not beenspecified.
The package
Try this:
plot(1, ylab=expression({delta}^13*C~'\211'~VPDB))
2008/9/2 Nora Hanson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Hello All,
I am looking for some help with was is probably very simple:
I want the y-axis title '¦Ä13C¡ë VPDB' and similarly for nitrogen on a
secondary axis. I am able to get the delta
Can R plot 3D graphs? If so, how would you plot x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1?
Thanks
Raphael
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and
.15+.52 #seasonal (.01*52) I think because you said it was periodic
[1] 0.67
.8+.67 #seasonal + trend + positive remainder
[1] 1.47
now if you look at the little bit that is in the remainder being
negative then you can probably subtract about .4ish which is close to
1 which is the value of the
On 9/2/2008 12:30 PM, ram basnet wrote:
Hi
I think this may be simple task but creating trouble to me.
In my calculation, i have got large number of rows (5546) and column 182 but
i am not able to see all the rows. May be somebody have idea how i can see
all the rows ? I will be
On 9/2/2008 12:42 PM, Raphael Fraser wrote:
Can R plot 3D graphs? If so, how would you plot x^2 + y^2 + z^2 = 1?
There are several ways. Plotting a function z = f(x,y) is easiest;
persp or image or contour can do that. Plotting a general surface is
harder, but there are examples of how to
Please study the rw-FAQ. With a 2GB address space your chance of getting
a 1.5GB contiguous block is essentially zero.
On Tue, 2 Sep 2008, Hayes, Daniel wrote:
Dear all,
In my attempt to run the below modelling command in R 2.7.0 under windows XP
(4GB RAM with /3GB switch set) I receive
In recent versions of R there are the functions grconvertX and grconvertY that
will convert between the different coordiate systems. You can use them to
convert from the device or ndc systems to user coordinates, then place the text
using the text function.
Hope this helps,
--
Gregory (Greg)
Mark,
There are a couple of possible things that could be going on here:
In regular ANOVA cases you can have a situation where you have 3 groups, A, B,
and C where A and C are significantly different from each other, but B lies
between them in such a way that we cannot say that B is
Dani,
You can put text on your graphs using the locator function. Here is an example
hist(rnorm(1000,0,1) #plots a histogram for you
xy.cord-locator(1) #Once you give this click on the graph to get the
coordinates
text(xy.cord, Text you want to write)
Hope this helps.
Cheers../Murli
#from the ?stl examples
g-stl(nottem, per)
g
#in g are the residuals, sesonal trend, and the remainder. It looks
like you are going to have to #model this decompostion to get at what
you want.
Stephen
On Tue, Sep 2, 2008 at 12:50 AM, Ryan [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
rkevinburton at charter.net
Greg
Upgrade your packages to the supported versions (lme4 and Matrix), and
use lmer and not lme.
### Example
example(lmer)
anova(fm1)
Analysis of Variance Table
Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value
Days 1 30032 30032 45.854
Your method for eta-squared with a mixed model is another story,
This is a general statistic question, but maybe ...
Suppose there are 1000 persons.
In 2002, 400 out of those 1000 persons participated in a questionaire and
330 said they own a homepage.
In 2008, 530 out of those 1000 persons participated in a questionaire and
490 said they own a homepage.
Sorry about that. My problem is computational, not statistical and
exactly as you say: I don't quite know how to get the correct
variance component from either aov or lme. the way to compute partial
eta squared is:
partial-eta-squared = SS(effect) / (SS(effect) + SS(error))
AOV gives
Trying your example:
y - numeric(365) y y[250] = 1 y
y.stl - stl(ts(y, frequency=7), s.window=periodic)
First of all, pay attention to the axes on your plot - the scales are
different for each panel. Your seasonal component is quite small in magnitude
compared to everything else.
Also, if
Dear Chuck Cleland,
Thank you very much. I got the answer what i searching for.
Thanks again.
sincerely,
Ram Kumar Basnet
--- On Tue, 9/2/08, Chuck Cleland [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
From: Chuck Cleland [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: [R] how to increase row number
To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Cc:
The data is real. The fact that there are a bunch of zeros and only one value
of 1 is just the way things are. I have over 20,000 data sets and some are like
this. Admittedly this is not periodic but ideally you should see all
frequencies at various amplitudes, remniscent of the impulse
Hello R-users,
I do not have much knowledge about generalized linear models therefore my
question maybe quite stupid.
I have data from 20 towns with their population and number of people with an
illness from those towns. I would like to use glm function in R so I
can calculate proportions of ill
what kind of data is this?
On Tue, Sep 2, 2008 at 3:10 PM, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
The data is real. The fact that there are a bunch of zeros and only one value
of 1 is just the way things are. I have over 20,000 data sets and some are
like this. Admittedly this is not periodic but ideally
Thank you.
I am not saying the data is wrong. I can do somethiing like:
y = tread + seasonal + remainder
and it gives me back the original data almost exactly.
I just don't know how to interpret it. The data is clearly not periodic but I
was expecting to get more information about the function
On Tue, Sep 2, 2008 at 6:24 AM, Andreas Krause [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
When I create a lattice/Trellis type graph, I typically write a function that
returns the graph, as in
do.graph - function(x, y, ...)
{
require(lattice)
return(xyplot(y~x, ...))
}
My question today is this:
Hi all,
I'm new to R and lattice and panel functions. I've produced a lattice
graph using xyplot. Now I would like to add various, and *different*,
annotations to each individual panel. I tried something like this,
using panel.text ...
code
xyplot(dent ~ era | vegzone,
On Tue, Sep 2, 2008 at 1:23 PM, Martin Brown [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi all,
I'm new to R and lattice and panel functions. I've produced a lattice
graph using xyplot. Now I would like to add various, and *different*,
annotations to each individual panel. I tried something like this,
With that you should probably get advice from your local stats department.
Although you describe your procedure, we do not know your data. And in
particular, we do not know what you do in R.
Just from inspecting your graph, it looks that your estimated function
undershoots/overshoots the fitted
That helped -- got it working. Thanks! -mjb
On Tue, Sep 2, 2008 at 1:28 PM, Deepayan Sarkar
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
See ?packet.number
-Deepayan
__
R-help@r-project.org mailing list
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the
Hi All-
I have 24 boxplots on one graph. I do not have the whiskers extending
to the outliers, but I would like to label the maximum value of each
outlier above the whiskers. I have the stats but am having trouble
figuring out how to label the whiskers.
Any suggestions would be great!
Are you trying to find the values of the outliers? Or just how to add the text
to the plot in the appropriate place? Or both?
--
Gregory (Greg) L. Snow Ph.D.
Statistical Data Center
Intermountain Healthcare
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
(801) 408-8111
-Original Message-
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
All -
I have data:
TL age
388 4
418 4
438 4
428 5
539 10
432 4
444 7
421 4
438 4
419 4
463 6
423 4
...
[truncated]
and I'm trying to fit a simple Von Bertalanffy growth curve with program:
#Creates a Von Bertalanffy growth model
toh tohbin at yahoo.com writes:
Hi,
I need help to write the following log-likelihood function in R:
log(L) = sum [(y_k - y_k-1).log(m(t_k) - m(t_k-1)) - (m(t_k) - m(t_k-1)) -
log((y_k -y_k-1)!)]
I need to write this log-likelihood function in order to find the parameters
by MLE
Aiste Aistike aiste.aistike at gmail.com writes:
Hello R-users,
I do not have much knowledge about generalized linear models therefore my
question maybe quite stupid.
I have data from 20 towns with their population and number of people with an
illness from those towns. I would like to
Hi,
I am new to R.
I have a dataframe with many columns some of which contain genuine strings
some numerical values as strings. The dataframe is created by cast so I have
no control over the resulting data type.
I want to attach columns as aggregates of other columns to the dataframe.
Here is the
Hi Greg,
I have the values of the outliers from the boxplot stats. I am just
having a difficult time adding the values to the plot in the appropriate
places.
Hope this is clearer.
Thanks!
sherri
Greg Snow wrote:
Are you trying to find the values of the outliers? Or just how to add the
Hello;
I am trying following but getting a warning message : Warning in
rbind.zoo(...) : column names differ, no matter whatever I do.
Also I do not want to specify column names manually, since I am just
writing a wrapper function around getSymbols to get chunks of data
from various sources -
OK, there are a couple of approaches that you can take.
A simple approach is to use the 'locator' function to find the coordinates
where you want to put the numbers by clicking on the plot, then use that result
with the 'text' function. This is fine for a single plot with just a few
outlier
On Wed, 3 Sep 2008, Aval Sarri wrote:
Hello;
I am trying following but getting a warning message : Warning in
rbind.zoo(...) : column names differ, no matter whatever I do.
Also I do not want to specify column names manually, since I am just
writing a wrapper function around getSymbols to
Hello,
This is my first post to R-help so forgive me if I'm committing a fatal error
somehow. Feel free to let me know.
My question is this: I would like to add a triangle to represent the mean in a
box plot generated with the bwplot command. How do I do this? I am able to
do this using
I apply isoMDS to my data, but the result turns out to be bad as the stress
value stays around 31! Yeah, 31 ,not 3.1... I don't know if I ignore
something before recall isoMDS.
My code as follow:
m - read.table(e:/tsdata.txt,header=T,sep=,)
article_number - ts(m, start = 2004,end=2008, frequency
Sorry, wrong code. The right one here:
library(MASS)
cl-read.table(e:/data.txt,header=T,sep=,)
row.names(cl)-colnames(cl)
cm-as.matrix(cl)
loc-sammon(cm)
jpeg(filename=e:/plot.gif,width = 480, height = 480, units = px,
pointsize = 12, quality = 75, bg = white, res = NA, restoreConsole = TRUE)
Try this as a solution:
df - data.frame(a=letters[15:17], b=c(21,NA,23), c=10:12, d=15:17)
# convert to numeric
x - as.matrix(df)
mode(x) - numeric
Warning message:
In eval(expr, envir, enclos) : NAs introduced by coercion
cbind(df, RTot=rowSums(x, na.rm=TRUE))
a b c d RTot
1 o 21 10 15
Dear Nguyen D Nguyen,
The tcltk package is part of the standard R distribution. I'm not sure why
you got this error, and you don't provide any details about your friend's
system (OS, version of R, version of the Rcmdr package). To see why the
problem lies, you might try loading just the tcltk
Dear Andy,
Yes, the tetrachoric correlation is a special case of the polychoric
correlation when both factors are dichotomous.
The 95-percent confidence interval that you suggest might be adequate if the
sample size is sufficiently large and the correlation isn't too close to 0
or 1, but it is
sqlite
But for a sensible answer, you need to define what you mean by best.
Hadley
On Tue, Sep 2, 2008 at 8:16 AM, Chibisi Chima-Okereke [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Hi all,
could someone tell me which is the best user-friendly free/open source sql
database system to use with R, particularly as
This is close, but maybe not optimal lattice coding.
I haven't yet figured out how to suppress the x axis
labeling.
bwplot(yield ~ 1|year, panel = function(x, y, ...){panel.bwplot(x, y, ..., pch
= |); panel.points(x, mean(y), ..., pch=17)}, data = barley, horizontal =
FALSE, xlab = )
Steve
R Users:
I'm wondering:
Why does my logical vector becomes a numeric vector when stuffed into a data
frame? How do I change this so that it's retained as a logical data type?
I've tried a couple of things but to no avail.
Here's my example code:
# Exercise 4-1 in Non-Detects and Data
On 9/2/08, Steven McKinney [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
This is close, but maybe not optimal lattice coding.
I haven't yet figured out how to suppress the x axis
labeling.
bwplot(yield ~ 1|year, panel = function(x, y, ...){panel.bwplot(x, y, ...,
pch = |); panel.points(x, mean(y), ...,
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