Re: [R] How to get a proportion of a Vector Member
sum(foo==o)/length(foo) -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/How-to-get-a-proportion-of-a-Vector-Member-tp2720060p2720067.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] constrained optimization -which package?
?constrOptim -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/constrained-optimization-which-package-tp2717677p2717719.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] constrained optimization -which package?
constrOptim() can do linear and quadratic programming problems! See the
following example from the help document.
## Solves linear and quadratic programming problems
## but needs a feasible starting value
#
# from example(solve.QP) in 'quadprog'
# no derivative
fQP - function(b) {-sum(c(0,5,0)*b)+0.5*sum(b*b)}
Amat - matrix(c(-4,-3,0,2,1,0,0,-2,1),3,3)
bvec - c(-8,2,0)
constrOptim(c(2,-1,-1), fQP, NULL, ui=t(Amat),ci=bvec)
# derivative
gQP - function(b) {-c(0,5,0)+b}
constrOptim(c(2,-1,-1), fQP, gQP, ui=t(Amat), ci=bvec)
## Now with maximisation instead of minimisation
hQP - function(b) {sum(c(0,5,0)*b)-0.5*sum(b*b)}
constrOptim(c(2,-1,-1), hQP, NULL, ui=t(Amat), ci=bvec,
control=list(fnscale=-1))
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Re: [R] bptest
you have to load package {lmtest} first. That is,
library(lmtest)
bptest(modelCH, data=KP)
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Re: [R] Problem with any()
Is as.integer() redundant for this vector of integers? any(c(1, 3) == 3.0 ) -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Problem-with-any-tp2553226p2580659.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] delete d-jackknife with R ?
You may want to use combinations() in package {gtools} and write a function
with a few lines to perform your leave-k-out procedure.
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Re: [R] Odds ratio from Logistic model in R
The output of logisitic procdure only gives you the log(odds-ratio) and the associated standard error of the log(odds-ratio). You need to exponentiate the log(odds-ratio) to get your odds ratio. The code tells you how to obtain the odds ratio from log(odds-ratio). -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Odds-ratio-from-Logistic-model-in-R-tp2630277p2651963.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Survival curve mean adjusted for covariate
do the same thing for female and then take the weighted average of the two means. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Survival-curve-mean-adjusted-for-covariate-tp2548387p2550178.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Survival curve mean adjusted for covariate
do the same thing for female and then take the weighted average of the two means. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Survival-curve-mean-adjusted-for-covariate-tp2548387p2550179.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] apply union function vectorially
unique(unlist(list.array)) -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/apply-union-function-vectorially-tp2550162p2550193.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] kstest vs shapirotest
In general Shapiro's normality test is more powerful than the KS. For this specific case, I don't see the significantly different results from both tests. The normality assumption in this example seems to be questionable. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/kstest-vs-shapirotest-tp2550192p2550243.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] eigen and svd
svd() does not return eigeinvectors! -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/eigen-and-svd-tp2550210p2550257.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] best model cp mallow
I think you need to set up a cut-off of Cp and then get the good values of Cp from adjr$Cp. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/best-model-cp-mallow-tp2550015p2550283.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] merge verctor and matrix
v=data.frame(c1=c(e,r,t),v=c(1,4,2) ) m=matrix(c(r,t,r,s,e,5,6,7,8,9),nr=5) colnames(m)=c(c1,c2) m=as.data.frame(m) merge(v, m, by =c1 ) c1 v c2 1 e 1 9 2 r 4 5 3 r 4 7 4 t 2 6 -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/merge-verctor-and-matrix-tp2550280p2550315.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Problem with cat() == A related question
The question is wehter cat() can print out a matrix as it is. For example, Let's assume that we have matrices A, B, D(= A+B), if it is possible that cat(\n, A, +,B,=, D, some control arguments , \n) prints out matrix A + matrix B = matrix D where matrices A, B, D (= A+B) should be in the form of their actual matrices. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Problem-with-cat-tp2538811p2542098.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Problem with cat() == A related question
Code:
fn1 - function(n = 5){
+ mat - matrix(rnorm(5*5), 5, 5)
+ cat(print(mat))
+ }
fn1()
[,1][,2] [,3][,4] [,5]
[1,] -0.7101952 0.78992424 -0.8310871 2.49560703 -0.9543827
[2,] -0.1425682 -2.69186367 -0.5937949 0.03188572 -0.5512154
[3,] -0.3041728 0.05099222 -2.0905322 0.19254519 -0.1208534
[4,] 2.0812597 1.22048195 1.9347253 -1.25478253 1.2998755
[5,] 0.9256113 0.02686392 -0.1059670 -2.62715239 -0.4826737
-0.7101952 -0.1425682 -0.3041728 2.081260 0.9256113 0.7899242 -2.691864
0.05099222 1.220482 0.02686392 -0.8310871 -0.5937949 -2.090532 1.934725
-0.1059670 2.495607 0.03188572 0.1925452 -1.254783 -2.627152 -0.9543827
-0.5512154 -0.1208534 1.299876 -0.4826737
Question: Is there any control arguments can be used such that fn1() ONLY
prints out the matrix part?
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Re: [R] Problem with cat() == A related question
It is still visible even it is set invisible(NULL):
fn1 - function(n = 5){
+ mat - matrix(rnorm(5*5), 5, 5)
+ cat(print(mat))
+ invisible(NULL)}
fn1()
[,1][,2] [,3][,4] [,5]
[1,] -1.22767085 -1.41468587 -2.0156231 0.29732942 0.5755600
[2,] -0.16775996 -0.03780596 -0.9461079 0.91289175 0.1254273
[3,] 0.09696032 -0.75522210 -0.7494442 -0.21341669 1.7088194
[4,] 0.13535505 -1.09011005 -0.6074198 0.05342614 -1.1996344
[5,] 0.66474083 -2.62206248 0.1329972 0.06132865 0.5124778
-1.227671 -0.1677600 0.09696032 0.1353550 0.6647408 -1.414686 -0.03780596
-0.7552221 -1.09011 -2.622062 -2.015623 -0.9461079 -0.7494442 -0.6074198
0.1329972 0.2973294 0.9128917 -0.2134167 0.05342614 0.06132865 0.57556
0.1254273 1.708819 -1.199634 0.5124778
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Re: [R] for loop
or: k=0 for (i in 1:k) if(k0) print(i) -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/for-loop-tp2535626p2535640.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Generating multinomial distribution and plotting
package: {mnormt}
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Re: [R] confidence bands for a quasipoisson glm
Is this something you want to have (based on a simulated dataset)? counts - c(18,17,15,20,10,20,25,13,12) #risk - round(rexp(9,0.5),3) risk- c(2.242, 0.113, 1.480, 0.913, 5.795, 0.170, 0.846, 5.240, 0.648) gm - glm(counts ~ risk, family=quasipoisson) summary(gm) new.risk=seq(min(risk), max(risk),0.1) new.risk y - predict.glm(gm, newdata=data.frame(risk=new.risk), se.fit=TRUE, type=response) upper=y$fit+1.96*y$se.fit lower=y$fit-1.96*y$se.fit plot(new.risk,y$fit, type=l, col=4, lty=1, lwd=2) lines(new.risk, upper, type=l, col=2, lty=2, lwd=2) lines(new.risk, lower, type=l, col=2, lty=2, lwd=2) -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/confidence-bands-for-a-quasipoisson-glm-tp2535883p2535952.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Supplying function inputs interactively
Have you tried scan()?: y=scan() 1: 2 2: Read 1 item y [1] 2 -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Supplying-function-inputs-interactively-tp2536003p2536004.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Supplying function inputs interactively
Is this what you would expect to have. Definitely you can make this function
more elegant:
fn1 - function(x = 10) {
cat(Please type the option number to get your Y value:\n\n)
cat( 1. Y = 1.\n
2. Y = 2.\n
3. Use the default y.\n
4. Choose my own value for y.\n\n)
opt=scan()
if (opt==3) y -0
else if (opt==4) {
cat(Please type your Y value:\n\n)
y=scan()
}
else y = opt
return(x*y)
}
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Re: [R] Generating multinomial distribution and plotting
Oh,You actually want a mixture of two different normal random variables. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Generating-multinomial-distribution-and-plotting-tp2535895p2536026.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] gee p values
There are two z-scores reported in the summary: Naive z and Robust z. pvalue=2*min(pnorm(z-score), 1-pnorm(z-score)) # two-sided test -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/gee-p-values-tp2533835p2534302.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] boxplot knowing Q1, Q3, median, upper and lower whisker value
x=1:16 S=summary(x) S Min. 1st Qu. MedianMean 3rd Qu.Max. 1.004.758.508.50 12.25 16.00 S[-4] Min. 1st Qu. Median 3rd Qu.Max. 1.004.758.50 12.25 16.00 par(mfrow=c(1,2)) boxplot(S[-4]) # based on the summarized stats boxplot(x) # based on the raw data -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/boxplot-knowing-Q1-Q3-median-upper-and-lower-whisker-value-tp2528571p2534818.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Counting occurances of a letter by a factor
try: ?ftable -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Counting-occurances-of-a-letter-by-a-factor-tp2534993p2535002.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Dividing a vector into equal interval
just store the broken sequences in a matrix: M=matrix(1:12, ncol=3, byrow=FALSE) M [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,]159 [2,]26 10 [3,]37 11 [4,]48 12 -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Dividing-a-vector-into-equal-interval-tp2534938p2535012.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] convert 1, 10, and 100 to 0001, 0010, 0100 etc.
These are character values. Is there any way to get 001, 010, ..., as actual numeric values? -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/convert-1-10-and-100-to-0001-0010-0100-etc-tp2535023p2535296.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] convert 1, 10, and 100 to 0001, 0010, 0100 etc.
I mean to display 001,010, ..., as there are. In other words, whether there is a function, say func(), such that func(001,010) displays 001, 010. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/convert-1-10-and-100-to-0001-0010-0100-etc-tp2535023p2535318.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] convert 1, 10, and 100 to 0001, 0010, 0100 etc.
Thanks David. func() simply prints out the 0010 as a text value. It is still not numeric. I am just curious about it. is.numeric(func4(0100)) 00100[1] FALSE -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/convert-1-10-and-100-to-0001-0010-0100-etc-tp2535023p2535345.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Reproducible research
FYI: If you use LaTex, you can work out on something between R and LaTex. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Reproducible-research-tp2532353p2532361.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Calculating with tolerances (error propagation)
q-0.15 + c(-.1,0,.1) h-10 + c(-.1,0,.1) 5*q/h[3:1] [1] 0.02475248 0.0750 0.12626263 -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Re-Calculating-with-tolerances-error-propagation-tp2532640p2532991.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] problem with outer
Can you set the multinomial prob. to zero for p1+p2+p3 != 1 if you have to use the multinomial distribution in guete(). Otherwise, I would say the problem/guete() itself is problematic. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/problem-with-outer-tp2532074p2533050.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Help on simple problem with optim
Yanwei!!! Have you tried to write the likelihood function using log-normal directly? if you haven't so, you may want to check ?rlnorm -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Help-on-simple-problem-with-optim-tp2533420p2533487.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] How to change font size in plot() function
try: ?title -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/How-to-change-font-size-in-plot-function-tp2531127p2531161.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] forecasting with non-linear models
predict x for a given y(response)? If this is the case, you will have multiple x for a single y for this exponential model. In terms of logistic regression, If y =1, logit([P(Y=1)] = a + b*bx has infinite many x. The question seems not quite clear to me. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/forecasting-with-non-linear-models-tp2531125p2531186.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] How to project a vector on a subspace?
Can you be a little bit more specific? For example, the base vectors of the subspace and the vector you want to project. Specific artificial vectors/matrices are helpful. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/How-to-project-a-vector-on-a-subspace-tp2530886p2531245.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Interpolation missing data
try packages:
{yaImpute}, {impute}, etc.
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Re: [R] Uniform Distribution
?runif -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Uniform-Distribution-tp2531282p2531292.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] problem with outer
The defintion of the sequency of probability was wrong!
p_11=seq(0,1,0.1)
p_12=seq(0,1,0.1)
Since your multinomial distribution requires P_11, P_12, P13=1-P_11-P12 be
greater than or equal to zero and P_11+P_12+P_13 = 1. In your above
definition of P_11[6] =P_12[6]= 0.6, P_11[7] = P_12[7] = 0.7, ..., P_11[10]
=P_12[10]=1.0. For these pairs 1-p_11-p_12 0! There is why you had the
error message!
X_1=rmultinom(n-q+1,size=1,prob=cbind(p_11,p_12,(1-p_11-p_12)))
Suggested Solution:
Redefine P_11 and P_12 such that P_11[i] + P_12[i] 1 for all i! This will
sove your problem!
# you choose whatever a and b such that a+b=1. for example,
a = 0.4
b = 0.6
# you need to adjust the increaments to get vectors with equal length.
p_11=seq(0,a,0.05*a)
p_12=seq(0, b,0.05*b)
guete = function(p_11,p_12) {
+if(p_11+p_121)
+ set.seed(1000)
+ S_vek=matrix(0,nrow=N,ncol=1)
+ for(i in 1:N) {
+ X_0=rmultinom(q-1,size=1,prob=p_0)
+
X_1=rmultinom(n-q+1,size=1,prob=cbind(p_11,p_12,(1-p_11-p_12)))
+ N_0=apply(X_0[,(n-2*k-L+1):(n-k-L)],1,sum)
+ N_1=apply(X_1[,(n-q-k+2):(n-q+1)],1,sum)
+
S_vek[i]=((sum(((N_1-k*cbind(p_11,p_12,(1-p_11-p_12)))^2)/k*cbind(p_11,p_12,(1-p_11-p_12/(sum(((N_0-k*p_0)^2)/k*p_0)))-1
+ }
+ 1-mean(f_1=S_vek S_vek =f_2)
+ }
f=outer(p_11,p_12,Vectorize(guete))
f
[,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [,5] [,6] [,7] [,8] [,9] [,10] [,11] [,12] [,13]
[,14] [,15] [,16] [,17] [,18] [,19] [,20] [,21]
[1,] 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.8 0.8
0.7 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6
[2,] 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.3
[3,] 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.3
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3
[4,] 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5
0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5
[5,] 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.5
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.5
[6,] 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.3
0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.6 0.5
[7,] 0.8 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6
[8,] 0.7 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.6
0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.8
[9,] 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.5
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.6
[10,] 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5
0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.7
[11,] 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7
[12,] 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5
[13,] 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.3
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.3
[14,] 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.2
[15,] 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.3
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3
[16,] 0.7 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2
[17,] 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.3
0.3 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
[18,] 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3
[19,] 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.1 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7
[20,] 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.4
[21,] 0.6 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4
0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.5
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Re: [R] coxph and ordinal variables?
I look at this question in a different angle. My understanding is: 1. If treat tumor_grade as a numerical variable, you assume the hazard ratio is invariant between any two adjacent levels of the tumor grade (assuming invariant covariate patterns of other risks); 2. If you treat the tumor_grade as factor, you don't assume the constant hazard ratio between the levels (assuming invariant covariate patterns of other risks). I don't see the difference between continuous risk and discrete ordinal risk in this case. If the tumor grade is the response, there will be a difference between variables types (ordinal, continuous and nominal) since that information will be used to select appropriate models. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/coxph-and-ordinal-variables-tp2532149p2532299.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] regression function for categorical predictor data
glm() is another choice. Using glm(), you response variable can be a discrete random bariable, however, you need to specify the distribution in the argument: family = distriubtion name Use Teds simulated data and glm(), you get the same result as that produced in lm(): summary(glm(Y ~ X + F, family=gaussian)) Call: glm(formula = Y ~ X + F, family = gaussian) Deviance Residuals: Min1QMedian3Q Max -0.53796 -0.16201 -0.08087 0.15080 0.47363 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(|t|) (Intercept) 0.037230.08457 0.440 0.662267 X0.510090.13036 3.913 0.000365 *** FB 1.825780.15429 11.833 2.6e-14 *** --- Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 (Dispersion parameter for gaussian family taken to be 0.06096497) Null deviance: 59.7558 on 40 degrees of freedom Residual deviance: 2.3167 on 38 degrees of freedom AIC: 6.5418 Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 2 -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/regression-function-for-categorical-predictor-data-tp2532045p2532302.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] regression function for categorical predictor data
Sorry, result is not the same, since our datasets are different. I also run lm() based on the dataset that used in glm(). THe results are exactly the same: summary(lm(Y ~ X + F)) Call: lm(formula = Y ~ X + F) Residuals: Min 1Q Median 3Q Max -0.53796 -0.16201 -0.08087 0.15080 0.47363 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(|t|) (Intercept) 0.037230.08457 0.440 0.662267 X0.510090.13036 3.913 0.000365 *** FB 1.825780.15429 11.833 2.6e-14 *** --- Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 Residual standard error: 0.2469 on 38 degrees of freedom Multiple R-squared: 0.9612, Adjusted R-squared: 0.9592 F-statistic: 471.1 on 2 and 38 DF, p-value: 2.2e-16 === The dataset is given below: cbind(Y,X,F) Y X F [1,] -0.28473266 -1.00 1 [2,] -0.59041310 -0.95 1 [3,] -0.50431754 -0.90 1 [4,] -0.60095969 -0.85 1 [5,] -0.45849905 -0.80 1 [6,] -0.48287208 -0.75 1 [7,] -0.49598666 -0.70 1 [8,] -0.08746758 -0.65 1 [9,] -0.18665177 -0.60 1 [10,] -0.01007210 -0.55 1 [11,] -0.45765308 -0.50 1 [12,] -0.27318684 -0.45 1 [13,] 0.07638855 -0.40 1 [14,] 0.27043727 -0.35 1 [15,] 0.26926216 -0.30 1 [16,] -0.43047783 -0.25 1 [17,] 0.40884468 -0.20 1 [18,] -0.14638563 -0.15 1 [19,] -0.31374179 -0.10 1 [20,] -0.15028159 -0.05 1 [21,] -0.12540519 0.00 1 [22,] 1.58015611 0.05 2 [23,] 1.68200774 0.10 2 [24,] 2.02821901 0.15 2 [25,] 2.02359285 0.20 2 [26,] 2.14133171 0.25 2 [27,] 2.06931685 0.30 2 [28,] 2.05561726 0.35 2 [29,] 2.35720999 0.40 2 [30,] 1.96134404 0.45 2 [31,] 2.26144356 0.50 2 [32,] 2.24454620 0.55 2 [33,] 2.55707426 0.60 2 [34,] 2.18732022 0.65 2 [35,] 1.90950697 0.70 2 [36,] 2.10371010 0.75 2 [37,] 2.18266009 0.80 2 [38,] 2.18490441 0.85 2 [39,] 2.45248295 0.90 2 [40,] 2.79851838 0.95 2 [41,] 1.83514341 1.00 2 -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/regression-function-for-categorical-predictor-data-tp2532045p2532305.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] minor diagonal in R
This this what you want? A=matrix(1:16,ncol=4) A [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [1,]159 13 [2,]26 10 14 [3,]37 11 15 [4,]48 12 16 diag(A[1:4,4:1]) [1] 13 10 7 4 -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/minor-diagonal-in-R-tp2529676p2529710.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Percentile rank for each element in list
Is this what you want to have: x - c(1,5,100,300,250,200,550,900,1000) # assume you want the position of 25th percentile which(x==quantile(x,0.25)) [1] 3 Note that position is meaningful only when the percentile is one of the observed data values. If you want to know the position of 70th percentile (that is between position 6 and position 7). You need to do something coding to get these two adjacent positions. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Percentile-rank-for-each-element-in-list-tp2529523p2529741.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] minor diagonal in R
diag has 4 letters cbind has 5 letters :) -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/minor-diagonal-in-R-tp2529676p2529746.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] R package to identify model
what is ESP package? Thanks. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/R-package-to-identify-model-tp2529525p2529766.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Over lay 2 scale in same plot
Modified from Josh's code: Is this you want to see? barplot(-50:50) # add points into the existing plot at the coordinates set by x and y # and use a line to connect them points(x = 1:101, y = seq(from = 30, to = -20, length.out = 101), type = l) # add right hand side axis labeled with different scales. You can adjust the # labels according to what rule you have based on the original scale of left hand side axis. axis(4,at=seq(-40,40,20), label=seq(-4,4,2)) -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Over-lay-2-scale-in-same-plot-tp2528661p2529802.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] U value from wilcox.test
In addition to Cedric's comments, these are large sample procedures. Your sample sizes are two small. I don't think any procedures using normal approximations are inappropriate for your case. I would suggest making a reasonable distribution on the populations to avoid asymptotic results. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/U-value-from-wilcox-test-tp2332811p2529823.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Percentile rank for each element in list
It seems to produce some strange values: xx=1:10 which(xx==quantile(x,0.2,type=3)) [1] 5 which(xx==quantile(x,0.5,type=3)) integer(0) -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Percentile-rank-for-each-element-in-list-tp2529523p2530060.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] some questions about longitudinal study with baseline
You may be interested in the tutorial of repeated measure ANOVA at UCLA computing page at: http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/R/seminars/Repeated_Measures/repeated_measures.htm -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/some-questions-about-longitudinal-study-with-baseline-tp2530097p2530264.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] likelyhood maximization problem with polr
If you can prove that the Fisher information matrix is positive definite, the resulting estimate is MLE. Otherwise you can only claim it a local MLE (the Hessian matrix at the estimate is negative definite). -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/likelyhood-maximization-problem-with-polr-tp2528818p2530594.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] repeated measurements ANOVA
You can find the layout of data for repeated measuremnt ANOVA in examples from UCLA computing page: http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/R/seminars/Repeated_Measures/repeated_measures.htm -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/repeated-measurements-ANOVA-tp2530368p2530600.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] anova of glm output
The ANOVA adds the factors only in the order given in the model formula from left to right. You may try drop1(out, test=Chisq) -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/anova-of-glm-output-tp2528336p2530620.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] likelyhood maximization problem with polr
Since the default initial value is not good enough. You should choose one based on your experience or luck. I choose start=rep(1,5) since there are parameters in the model. polr(Species~Sepal.Length+Sepal.Width+Petal.Length+Petal.Width,iris, start=rep(1,6), method = logistic) Call: polr(formula = Species ~ Sepal.Length + Sepal.Width + Petal.Length + Petal.Width, data = iris, start = rep(1, 6), method = logistic) Coefficients: Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width -2.471271-6.675614 9.43275318.266280 Intercepts: setosa|versicolor versicolor|virginica 5.51322342.598774 Residual Deviance: 11.89856 AIC: 23.89856 -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/likelyhood-maximization-problem-with-polr-tp2528818p2529174.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] likelyhood maximization problem with polr
sorry: start=rep(1,6) since there are 6 parameters in the model. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/likelyhood-maximization-problem-with-polr-tp2528818p2529176.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] row echelon form
Scott, it seems to have bug in your code: A=matrix(c(1,-2,3,9,-1,3,0,-4,2,-5,5,17),ncol=4,byrow=T) ref(A) [,1] [,2] [,3] [,4] [1,]1 -2.5 2.17 7.83 [2,]0 1.0 3.00 5.00 [3,]0 0.0 1.00 2.00 the row echelon is apparently incorrect. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/row-echelon-form-tp833608p2529183.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Linear Logistic Regression - Understanding the output (and possibly the test to use!)
Calum-4 wrote: Hi I know asking which test to use is frowned upon on this list... so please do read on for at least a couple on sentences... I have some multivariate data slit as follows Tumour Site (one of 5 categories) # Chemo Schedule (one of 3 cats) ## Cycle (one of 3 cats*) ## Dose (one of 3 cats*) # *These are actually integers but for all our other analysis so far we have grouped them into logical bands of categories. The dependant variable is Reaction or No Reaction I have individually analysed each of the independant variables against Reaction/No Reaction using ChiSq and Fisher Tests. Those marked ## produced p values less than 0.05, and those marked # produce p values close to 0.05. We believe that Cycle is the crucial piece of data - the others just appear to be different because there are more early cycles in certain groups than others. SO - I believe what I need to do is a Linear Logistic Regression on the 4 independant variables. And I'm expecting it to show that the tumour site, schedule and dose don't matter, only the cycle matters. Done a lot of reading and I'm clueless!! I think I want to do something like: glm (reaction ~ site + sched + cycle + dose, data=mydata, family=poisson) = Comment 1: If you stick to Linear Logistic Regression, the family should be binomial assuming that reaction has only two values (Yes/No). family=poisson should be used when the response is a frequency count such as the number of tumors. = I am then expecting to see some very long output with lots of numbers... ...my question is TWO fold - 1. is glm the right thing to use before I waste my time and 2. how do I interpret the result! (I'm kind of expect a lecture here as I'm really looking for a nice snappy 'p0.05 means this variable is the one having the influence' type answer and I suspect I'm going to be told thats not possible...! Comment 2: The regression coefficients in binary logistic regression models are called log-odds ratio. The interpretation of odds ratio can be tricky but the p-value is interpreted in the usual way. To be clear the example given in the docs is: library(MASS) data(anorexia) anorex.1- glm(Postwt ~ Prewt + Treat + offset(Prewt), family = gaussian, data = anorexia) === Comment 3. Here Postwt is a continuous variable. The specification family = gaussian assumes the that Postwt is a normal variable, therefore, the fitted model is the ordinary normal linear regression model. === The output of anorex.1 is: Call: glm(formula = Postwt ~ Prewt + Treat + offset(Prewt), family = gaussian, data = anorexia) Coefficients: (Intercept)PrewtTreatCont TreatFT 49.7711 -0.5655 -4.0971 4.5631 Degrees of Freedom: 71 Total (i.e. Null); 68 Residual Null Deviance:4525 Residual Deviance: 3311 AIC: 490 and the output of summary(anorex.1) is: Call: glm(formula = Postwt ~ Prewt + Treat + offset(Prewt), family = gaussian, data = anorexia) Deviance Residuals: Min1QMedian3Q Max -14.1083 -4.2773 -0.54845.4838 15.2922 Coefficients: Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(|t|) (Intercept) 49.771113.3910 3.717 0.000410 *** Prewt-0.5655 0.1612 -3.509 0.000803 *** TreatCont-4.0971 1.8935 -2.164 0.033999 * TreatFT 4.5631 2.1333 2.139 0.036035 * --- Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1 (Dispersion parameter for gaussian family taken to be 48.69504) Null deviance: 4525.4 on 71 degrees of freedom Residual deviance: 3311.3 on 68 degrees of freedom AIC: 489.97 Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 2 --- Either can someone point me to a decent place that would explain what the means or provide me some pointers? i.e. which of the variables has the influence on the outcome in the anorexia data? Please don't shout!! happy to be pointed to a reference but would prefer one in common english not some stats mumbo jumbo! Calum __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/non-zero-exit-status-error-when-install-GenomeGraphs-tp2526950p2527317.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list
Re: [R] How can I fixe convergence=1 in optim
To change the default maximum number of iterations (mxit =100 for derivative based algorithm), add mxit = whatever number you want. In most cases, you need a very good initial value! This is a real challenge in using optim(). Quite often, if the initial values is not well selected, optim() can give you nonsense estimates even the algorithm converges after number of iterations. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/How-can-I-fixe-convergence-1-in-optim-tp2527034p2527087.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] how to get row name of matrix when result is a vector
R doesn't simply treat a row vector as a matrix. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/how-to-get-row-name-of-matrix-when-result-is-a-vector-tp2525631p2525666.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] testing for emptyenv
Thanks -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/testing-for-emptyenv-tp2432922p2525757.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] 3d graph surface
?persp -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/3d-graph-surface-tp2525859p2525958.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] Function Gini or Ineq
you need install and load package {reldist} before you call function gini().
HTH.
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Re: [R] density() with confidence intervals
One can write an R function to produce a kernel density curve with a confidence band. See, for example, the steps of doing this in a technical report at http://fmwww.bc.edu/repec/usug2003/bsciker.pdf -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/density-with-confidence-intervals-tp2525837p2526008.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] how can I plot bar plots with all the bars (negative and positive) in the same direction????
In the bar plot, the vertical axis is a numerical axis representing the frequency (the height of the vertival bar -= frequency). If you really want to have vertical bar corresponding to the negative values go downward, you need to make your own function to achieve the goal. -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/how-can-I-plot-bar-plots-with-all-the-bars-negative-and-positive-in-the-same-direction-tp2526006p2526021.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] What solve() does?
If A is a squared matrix, solve(A) gives the inverse of A; if you have a system of linear equation AX=B, solve(A,B) gives the solution to this system of equations. For example: x-2y =1 -2x+3y=-3 A=matrix(c(1,-2,-2,3), ncol=2, byrow=T) B=c(1,-3) # to get the inverse of A solve(A) [,1] [,2] [1,] -3 -2 [2,] -2 -1 # to get the solution to the system of equation solve(A,B) [1] 3 1 -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/What-solve-does-tp2402922p2526066.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Re: [R] testing for emptyenv
Is there a complete list of these very handy and power functions in the base R? -- View this message in context: http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/testing-for-emptyenv-tp2432922p2525031.html Sent from the R help mailing list archive at Nabble.com. __ R-help@r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
