If the angle differs by more than a few degrees, there will be significant mismatch losses in a single string situation.... two parallel strings of equal size but different orientations (Fronius white paper) present a much smaller issue.

If the angle of modules in a single string varies significantly, say by 20 degrees, the maximum power point will be compromised most of the time. If the string is mostly in one direction, the MPPT will tend toward one of three points: 1) when the majority of modules are brightly lit and the balance receiving much less intense light---a high I value to capture the output from the lit panels, and V from all the lit panels.... the remaining less lit panels drop to 0 volts (bypass diode) and don't contribute any power because the string current is too high

2) when the minority modules are brightly lit but the majority are more dimly lit, the MPPT will be close to the max power volts from all modules, but the current drops to the lower value of the more dimly lit modules... again,
a significant part of the max power output of the array is lost.

3) when the sky is overcast or the sunlight intensity equally bright on all modules (once per day) , the combined MPPT will end up landing close to the optimum output for the individual modules.

Power One inverters are great, but each PV string needs to have enough initial open circuit voltage to reliably activate the inverter, which needs 200+ volts. 3 modules probably won't do that.

/wk




On Sep 11, 2009, at 5:03 PM, re-wrenches-requ...@lists.re-wrenches.org wrote:

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Today's Topics:

1. Re: losses to competing angles in single strings (Wilco Vercoelen)


----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 2009 20:03:29 -0400
From: "Wilco Vercoelen" <w.vercoe...@dommelvalley.ca>
To: "'RE-wrenches'" <re-wrenches@lists.re-wrenches.org>
Subject: Re: [RE-wrenches] losses to competing angles in single
        strings
Message-ID: <662021e7cd9644f088ef6fe609b18...@laptop>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

Dear wrenches,



We would recommend the PowerOne inverters with two separate MPPT Tables.

The only thing, they have to raise the warranty to 10 years.

Kind regards,
Wilco Vercoelen
President

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Dommelvalley Green Power Inc.
Solar Energy Solutions
Utopia, Ontario, Canada
<http://www.dommelvalley.ca/> http://www.dommelvalley.ca
Tel. 705-423-9699
Fax. 705-423-9880
Toll Free 1-877-889-7657

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 _____

From: re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org
[mailto:re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org] On Behalf Of Peter
Parrish
Sent: September-11-09 19:53
To: 'RE-wrenches'
Subject: Re: [RE-wrenches] losses to competing angles in single strings



In principle, two strings with different orientations should not be wired in parallel into the same inverter. However, when the mismatch is minor (15
degrees in pitch or 15 degrees in azimuth) there is practically no
degradation. Fronius circulated a white paper for a while that argued that their inverters did maximum power point tracking on the string with the greatest irradiance and therefore did an optimum mppt job on the string with the greatest "available power". This part of the argument makes sense.
What I have never been clear about is how close to "optimum" this
arrangement is (optimum being two separate monitors one for each string).



Fronius appears to be backing away from this white paper, as I was told about six months ago from a member of their tech support staff that they
recommended two separate inverters.



- Peter



Peter T. Parrish, Ph.D., President
California Solar Engineering, Inc.
820 Cynthia Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90065
CA Lic. 854779, NABCEP Cert. 031806-26
peter.parr...@calsolareng.com
Ph 323-258-8883, Mobile 323-839-6108, Fax 323-258-8885




 _____

From: re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org
[mailto:re-wrenches-boun...@lists.re-wrenches.org] On Behalf Of Nick Vida
Sent: Wednesday, September 09, 2009 6:38 PM
To: wrenches
Subject: [RE-wrenches] losses to competing angles in single strings



hello wrenches.

I was wondering if any of you have any data on what the losses would be if you had your string split with 2 different angles, but at the same azimuth. For instance, string of 11 with 8 facing 180 south at 30 degrees, and 3 facing south 180 at 45 degrees. I have heard that the voltages and currents would differ and the IV curve would be inefficient as a string, but I don't
know how much of a loss would be expected.

thanks in advance, and hopefully I didn't miss anything in the archives.

thanks,

nick



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