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Today's Topics:
1. Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson 5 (S. L. Abhyankar)
2. Re: siddhyanti is fine (Piergiorgio Muzi)
3. Re: siddhyanti is fine (Hera Moon)
4. Re: Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson 2
(Sushil Jalan)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Mon, 24 May 2010 12:59:39 -0400
From: "S. L. Abhyankar" <sl.abhyan...@gmail.com>
Subject: [Sanskrit] Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson 5
To: sanskrit@cs.utah.edu
Message-ID:
<aanlktinqmaqt9bmykkcm2n0r4plbdz_jilbtxlzda...@mail.gmail.com>
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Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach
Lesson 5
Glossary 5
No.EnglishSanskrit in
transliterationSanskrit in
Devanagari1good person, gentlemansujanaH????? 2notna?3gets into, goes toyAti
????4enmityvairam ?????5otherparaH???6goodhitam????? 7others' goodpara-hitam
???????8involved, engrossednirataH?????9*engrossed in good of others
para-hita-nirataH??????????10total loss vinAshaH??????11timekAlaH???:12*in
time of total lossvinAsha-kAle?????????13alsoapi???14when cutchhede????15
sandalwoodchandana???????16treetaruH????17*sandalwood treechandana-taruH
?????????18lends fragrancesurabhayati???????19 mouthmukham?????20of axe
kuThArasya????????
Words ?????, ? and ??? have been there in previous glossaries.
There are three compound words here - ?????????? ????????? and ?????????
(6) and (7) and (8) = (9) ??: and ????? and ????? = ??????????
Let us first look at "??: and ?????" The meaning is explained in the
glossary that ??????? = others' good. So the relationship between the two
words "other" and "good" is through the apostrophe. Or if we write it as
"good of others", the relationship is through the preposition "of". In
Sanskrit, the function of this preposition is served by the sixth, genitive
case ????? ????????. Hence we have to connect the two words by sixth case of
??: which is ?????.
So the explanation of ??????? = ????? ????? A compound word having this type
of explanation or deciphering is called as a compound ???? of ????? ????????
???? type.
Then we can look into deciphering ?????????? considering ??????? and ?????
as the two parts. Since ?????????? means "engrossed in good of others" the
relationship between the two parts "good of others" and "engrossed" is
through the preposition "in". Function of this preposition is served by
seventh locative case. Hence we have to connect the two parts by a
declension of ??????? into seventh case, ?????? ???????? which is ??????. So
the explanation of ?????????? becomes ?????? ????? A compound word having
this type of explanation or deciphering is called as a compound ???? of
??????-???????? ???? type.
(10) + (11) = (12) ?????? and ???? = ????????? --> ????????? Since means "in
time of total loss" means "time of total loss". Here the two parts "total
loss" and "time" have the relationship through the preposition "of". The
function of this preposition is served by the sixth, genitive case ?????
????????. Hence we have to connect the two words by sixth case of ??????
which is ????????. So, the explanation of ????????? is ???????? ???? So,
????????? is again a compound word ???? of ?????-???????? ???? type.
????????? is ?????? ???????? of ????????? after its compounding.
Compound words become new words and would have declensions in different
cases. This is important. Before deciphering a compound word, we should get
to its simplest form, decipher the simplest form, which often is of first
case singular ?????? ???????? ???????.
?????????? was already in ?????? ???????? ???????. So, there was no problem
to start off with deciphering straightaway.
(15) + (16) = (17) ??????? and ???? = ????????? This is again in ??????
???????? ???????. The two parts are ??????? and ???? Since the meaning of
????????? is tree of sandalwood, relationship between the two words ???????
and ???? is through the preposition "of". Again we have to connect the two
words ??????? and ???? by sixth, genitive case of ??????? which is ????????
Hence ????????? is again a compound word ???? of ?????-???????? ???? type.
Actually the first word in the glossary ????? is also a compound word. It
has two parts ?? and ??? The first part ?? is a prefix ????, which stands
for ?????? meaning "good" So ????? compounded from ?????? ??? becomes a
compound word ????? of ????-????????? ????? type.
In the above discussion, we have studied ?????? of three types -
?????-?????????, ??????-????????? and ????-????????? Obviously there are all
sub-types of the broader category of ????????-??????.
You will also appreciate from this discussion how deciphering the ??????
helps to get thorough understanding of the meaning.
Now we can proceed to our usual exercise of composing the phrases.
Exercises 4
>From the words 1 to 20 in the glossary, compose the following phrases -
No.PhraseSanskrit in
transliterationSanskrit in
Devanagari1good person, not, gets into, enmity__________ __________
_____________________ __________ _________2engrossed in good of others
__________ ___________ __________________ __________ ________3in times
of total loss, also__________ __________ ___________________ __________
________4when cut, also, tree of sandalwood__________ __________
___________________ __________ ________5lends fragrance________
__________ _________________ __________ _________6in the mouth, of
axe________
__________ _________________ __________ _________
The words ????? and ? can be conjugated as ????? ?.
Likewise ?????????? and ????????? can be conjugated as ?????????? ?????????.
This pattern of conjugations has been explained earlier.
In phrase (3), you will get the words ????????? and ???. These can be
conjugated to make one word ???????????? The symbol "?" is called as
avagrahaH, ??????? standing for ? in ???.
When you try to utter a word ending in vowel sound ? followed by the next
word starting with ?, you will realise that ? tends to become silent.
That is how the rule of conjugation is made - when ? is followed by ?, the
latter vowel ? would become silent. But its presence must be denoted by an
avagrahaH ??????? the symbol "?".
Similarly in phrase (4), ???? and ??? can be conjugated to make one word
???????.
As usual, now you can write down three-three phrases in one line. By that it
becomes a good two-line verse, a good saying a ????????? !!
Here is, how it would read -
????? ? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ?
??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?
Although we have been having good enough meaning by the phrases in the above
tabulation, it would be a good idea to paraphrase the complete meaning in
chaste English.
I am sure you will like this good saying ????????? as well. Learn it by
heart.
???????? |
*-o-O-o-*
*
*
--
???????? ,
?????????????????? ???????? |
???????? ?????? ????????? ?
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Message: 2
Date: Mon, 24 May 2010 23:10:44 +0200
From: "Piergiorgio Muzi" <glob...@comm2000.it>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] siddhyanti is fine
To: "Sanskrit Mailing List" <sanskrit@cs.utah.edu>
Message-ID: <a5056ce683fb44989c1c8a2167100...@yoursgz3xpngo4>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Hi, Mr Jay,
Bartholomae's law: dh is a voiced aspirated stop. t is a voiceless stop. If you
have a cluster dh+t, all the cluster becomes voiced and aspirated. So dht
becomes ddh. That's why in the past participle sidh-ta becomes siddha, budh-ta
necomes buddha, rabh-ta becomes rabdha....There are hundreds of application of
the rule. But in sidh-yati, there is no t added to dh. So it is better to
consider siddhyati to be incorrect. MacDonell's, Apte's, Monier Williams'
dictionaries admit only sidhyati, which is regular from the root sidh (called
Shidu) + yati (4th class verb). The advantage is also that the student learns
to recognize ddh as originally dht, when it fits. But I do know that we can
find siddhyati (I found it in upadeshasAhasrI of shankarAcArya).
Regards,
Piergiorgio Muzi
----- Original Message -----
From: Jay Vaidya
To: sanskrit@cs.utah.edu
Sent: Monday, May 24, 2010 2:14 AM
Subject: [Sanskrit] siddhyanti is fine
But my position has nothing to do with weak-strong verb/substantive or
whatever.
anachi cha 8.4.47
describes optional ("preferable") duplication.
sidhyanti/siddhyanti are optional forms.
As far as we know, pANini had a wide knowledge of the optional forms of
pronunciation at his time. And options obviously negate the existence of
infallible laws regarding that particular word.
But I add my curiosity regarding this "strong degree/weak degree
Bartholomae's Law" notion. Apparently Bartholomae's law is:
"It states that in a cluster of two or more obstruents (stops or the sibilant
s), any one of which is a voiced aspirate anywhere in the sequence, the whole
cluster becomes voiced and aspirated."
What does this have to do with duplication?
Dhananjay
Message: 2
From: Naresh Cuntoor <nares...@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson
4
On Sat, May 22, 2010 at 5:32 PM, Piergiorgio Muzi <glob...@comm2000.it>wrote:
> Sorry, sidhyanti (not siddhyanti), week degree of the root is sidh-.
> siddh- is only for past participle, siddha (< sidh-ta) and for substantive
> siddhi (< sidh-ti). The same as budhyate, but buddha, buddhi...(it is so
> called Bartholomae's law).
> Thanks, regards,
> Piergiorgio
>
>
>
Clearly, in the subhashita quoted, siddhyanti is used as a verb. (I don't
know what a "week (or weak) degree" of a verb is. Could you please
elaborate?)
The dhaatu is Shidhu (????) ..
Another example:,
yatne kRute yadi na siddhyati ko&tra doShaH
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Message: 3
Date: Tue, 25 May 2010 07:17:42 +0200
From: "Hera Moon" <heram...@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] siddhyanti is fine
To: "'Sanskrit Mailing List'" <sanskrit@cs.utah.edu>
Message-ID: <4bfb5d73.0305560a.656b.1...@mx.google.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Namaste, Bartholomae's law seems to me a description of a natural phonetic
phenomenon of mutual assimilation (regressive and progressive): voiced
aspirated stop + voiceless unaspirated stop --> voiced unaspirated stop +
voiced aspirated stop. Why don't we accept it as a rule while being generous
to exceptions? In case of sidhyanti, there seems to be no reason to apply
Bartholomae's law. Siddhyanti seems to me hence a case of over-correctness,
which is less correct than just correct ;) Warm greetings from Berlin, Hera
_____
Von: sanskrit-boun...@cs.utah.edu [mailto:sanskrit-boun...@cs.utah.edu] Im
Auftrag von Piergiorgio Muzi
Gesendet: Montag, 24. Mai 2010 23:11
An: Sanskrit Mailing List
Betreff: Re: [Sanskrit] siddhyanti is fine
Hi, Mr Jay,
Bartholomae's law: dh is a voiced aspirated stop. t is a voiceless stop. If
you have a cluster dh+t, all the cluster becomes voiced and aspirated. So
dht becomes ddh. That's why in the past participle sidh-ta becomes siddha,
budh-ta necomes buddha, rabh-ta becomes rabdha....There are hundreds of
application of the rule. But in sidh-yati, there is no t added to dh. So it
is better to consider siddhyati to be incorrect. MacDonell's, Apte's, Monier
Williams' dictionaries admit only sidhyati, which is regular from the root
sidh (called Shidu) + yati (4th class verb). The advantage is also that the
student learns to recognize ddh as originally dht, when it fits. But I do
know that we can find siddhyati (I found it in upadeshasAhasrI of
shankarAcArya).
Regards,
Piergiorgio Muzi
----- Original Message -----
From: Jay Vaidya <mailto:deejayvai...@yahoo.com>
To: sanskrit@cs.utah.edu
Sent: Monday, May 24, 2010 2:14 AM
Subject: [Sanskrit] siddhyanti is fine
But my position has nothing to do with weak-strong verb/substantive or
whatever.
anachi cha 8.4.47
describes optional ("preferable") duplication.
sidhyanti/siddhyanti are optional forms.
As far as we know, pANini had a wide knowledge of the optional forms of
pronunciation at his time. And options obviously negate the existence of
infallible laws regarding that particular word.
But I add my curiosity regarding this "strong degree/weak degree
Bartholomae's Law" notion. Apparently Bartholomae's law is:
"It states that in a cluster of two or more obstruents (stops or the
sibilant s), any one of which is a voiced aspirate anywhere in the sequence,
the whole cluster becomes voiced and aspirated."
What does this have to do with duplication?
Dhananjay
Message: 2
From: Naresh Cuntoor <nares...@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson
4
On Sat, May 22, 2010 at 5:32 PM, Piergiorgio Muzi
<glob...@comm2000.it>wrote:
> Sorry, sidhyanti (not siddhyanti), week degree of the root is sidh-.
> siddh- is only for past participle, siddha (< sidh-ta) and for substantive
> siddhi (< sidh-ti). The same as budhyate, but buddha, buddhi...(it is so
> called Bartholomae's law).
> Thanks, regards,
> Piergiorgio
>
>
>
Clearly, in the subhashita quoted, siddhyanti is used as a verb. (I don't
know what a "week (or weak) degree" of a verb is. Could you please
elaborate?)
The dhaatu is Shidhu (????) ..
Another example:,
yatne kRute yadi na siddhyati ko&tra doShaH
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Message: 4
Date: Tue, 25 May 2010 16:48:23 +0530
From: Sushil Jalan <sushilja...@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [Sanskrit] Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach - Lesson
2
To: Sanskrit Mailing List <sanskrit@cs.utah.edu>
Message-ID:
<aanlktilodirwsvxqwg8tkbkjs5u9kf9hzx7umxrsz...@mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="utf-8"
?????? ???????? ?????,
??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???
???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???
???? ( ??? - ?????? ) ?? ???? ?? (?????) ????? ?? ???? ??, ?? ??? ?? ???? ??
?? ???? ?? ?? ?? - ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? - ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????
?????
???? ??? 2 ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? 3 ??? ?????? ??
???? these
six where exist ???? ??, ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? six these where
exist???? ?????? ???
?????????????????
????? ?????
Respected Shri Abhyankar ji
The new concept of teaching Sanskrit is really exciting. Most politely I
would request you to kindly explain why the original Sanskrit word "??????"
would become "????? " at the time of verse composition and why again the
same word remain in its original form when it occurs at the end of the
verse.
The practice table of Lesson 2 at Sl no. 3 the sequence of words in English
shown by you is " these six where exist" but to my mind perhaps, as per the
verse composition the sequence should be "six(???) these (???) where exist".
With kind regards,
Sushil Jalan,
2010/5/21 S. L. Abhyankar <sl.abhyan...@gmail.com>
> ???
> ??????????????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ? ?? ??
> http://slabhyankar.wordpress.com ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?
> ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ?
> ??????????: ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ?
>
> Learning Sanskrit by a fresh approach
> Lesson 2
>
> Glossary 2
> No.English Sanskrit in
> transliteration Sanskrit in
> Devanagari 1 industriousness,
> diligence udyamaH?????? 2 grit to explore sAhasam?????? 3 boldness
> dhairyam ??????? 4 intellect buddhiH??????? 5 strength shaktiH?????? 6
> capacity
> to fight and win parAkramaH ???????? 7six ShaT ??? 8these e-te ??? 9these
> six ShaDete ????? 10where yatra ???? 11are present, exist var-tan-te
> ???????? 12there tatra ???? 13God devaH ???:14 helpful sahAyya-kRut
> ??????????
>
> From 7, 8 and 9 we notice that ??? + ??? = ????? When two words are in
> succession of each other, it becomes natural during pronunciation, that the
> ending of the first word and the beginning of the next word will merge. Such
> merging of sounds is called as conjugation
>
>
> 15 conjugationsandhiH ?????:
>
> There were three conjugations already in Lesson 1.
>
> 1. ????? + ?? = ??????
> 2. ?????? + ? = ????????
> 3. ????? + ????? = ????????
>
> Conjugations are logical and natural, aren't they ?
>
> Word #13 is not new. It was there in glossary 1. There, it was just ???,
> because it was in Address case, to say, "Oh God". Here it is in Nominative
> Case. ?????? ???????? Hence ???:
>
> 16Address sambodhanam????????? 17case vibhaktiH???????? 18Address case
> sambodhan-vibhaktiH???????-???????? 19first prathamA ?????? 20Nominative
> or
> subjective caseprathamA vibhatiH?????? ????????
>
>
> Exercises 2
> >From the words 1 to 14 in the glossary, prepare the following phrases -
>
>
> No. Phrase Sanskrit in
> transliteration Sanskrit in
> Devanagari 1Industriousness, grit to explore,
> boldness__________ __________ ___________ __________ __________
> _________ 2 intellect, strength, capacity to
> fight and win __________ ___________ ________ __________ __________
> ________ 3 these six where exist __________ __________ _________ __________
> __________ ________ 4there God helpful __________ __________ _________
> __________
> __________ ________
>
>
> Now you can write down two phrases in one line. By that it becomes a good
> two-line verse, a good saying !!
>
>
> 21 a good sayingsubhAShitam ?????????
>
> Here it is how it reads -
>
> ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?
>
> ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?
>
>
> I am sure you will like this good saying ?????????. Learn it by heart.
>
>
> In Sanskrit there are thousands of such "good sayings". Would it not be
> charming and impressive, if you can quote them verbatim? And they are so
> crisp verses, all pearls of wisdom !! That is one good reason, why one
> should learn Sanskrit.
>
> ???????? |
>
> *-o-O-o-*
> *
> *
>
> --
> ???????? ,
> ?????????????????? ???????? |
> S. L. Abhyankar
> "God is ready to listen. Have I time to pray?
> ?????? ?? ???? ???????????? ? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?"
>
> _______________________________________________
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>
>
--
Sushil Kumar Jalan
New Delhi, INDIA
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