I found the problem, at least in my installation, and maybe for others. I have security turned on. This causes all the application accesses to local files (e.g., properties, struts-config.xml, etc.) to fail. This isn't apparent since many of the methods seem to silently swallow the security exception.
Unfortunately, I can't see how to fix this. It should be possible to fix it by granting permission in catalina.policy, but the spec to give struts.jar permission, e.g.: grant codeBase "file:${catalina.home}/webapps/struts-example/WEB-INF/lib/-" { permission java.security.AllPermission; }; doesn't work because of a Tomcat bug loading libraries from /WEB-INF/lib. Moving the lib to <tomcat>/common/lib also seems to have problems with derived classes in the /WEB-INF/classes classes. Frank Lawlor Athens Group, Inc. (512) 345-0600 x151 Athens Group, an employee-owned consulting firm integrating technology strategy and software solutions. -- To unsubscribe, e-mail: <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]> For additional commands, e-mail: <mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]>