[biofuels-biz] British travel pod makes science fantasy a fact
http://enn.com/news/wire-stories/2002/02/02272002/reu_46518.asp - 2/27/2002 - ENN.com British travel pod makes science fantasy a fact Wednesday, February 27, 2002 By Toni Vorobyova, Reuters LONDON - A shiny white pod that began road tests this month may well be the taxi of the future. The pod, known as ULTra - Urban Light Transport - could make driver-free transport a reality and not just the stuff of futuristic fantasy. It will be the first in the world, said Richard Treychenne, director of business development at ULTra's makers, Advanced Transport Systems Limited. The pod - which seats up to four passengers - is the brainchild of Bristol University's Martin Lowson, who is no stranger to making science fiction dreams come true. His past projects include the Apollo Moon-landing program in the United States. Wherever possible, ULTra will run along the ground, but some routes might require tracks to be raised on pillars above roads, creating a truly futuristic look. The first stage of the ULTra project will have 30 pods circling the Cardiff Bay area in Wales by 2004 if all goes according to plan, Treychenne said. Next, the pods would move to the center of the Welsh capital. At a maximum of 25 miles per hour, ULTra may not reach cosmic speeds but should still speed past cars and buses stuck in traffic. The battery-powered pods will operate on a single five-foot track - less than half the width of a single lane of road - and recharge at every stop to keep their energy levels topped up. Resistant to vandalism, snow, rain, and ice, the vehicles will be designed to stop automatically if they sense an object in their path. SMART TAXIS ULTra pods can work as an automated personal taxi system. Passengers will hail the pod from a designated stop, where they select the required destination along a set route. When the pod pulls up, the passengers swipe a smart card giving the travel details, and ULTra carries them directly to their chosen stops. Rubber wheels ensure a quiet journey, and security cameras at every stop increase passenger safety. Its designers say ULTra could spell the end of taxi lines, because passengers would find on-call pods at designated stops at least 80 percent of the time. This efficiency would come from a large number of pods in circulation and by shortened journey times without conventional traffic jams. Advanced Transport Systems estimate that building an ULTra network would cost about one-third to one-half of the amount needed for a light railway. Connecting Cardiff's city center to its waterside region is expected to cost $65 million. Old car parks and shops will be converted into express stations for hospitals and other focal points in the city. The pods will be accessible to the disabled as well as to passengers with bicycles or prams, with lifts taking people up to high-rise stations. Designers hope that the experience will cost about as much as an ordinary bus journey - or even less if passengers are prepared to share their pods. In a modern development like the Cardiff waterfront area, we feel that the system will match the architecture very well, said the ULTra design team. Copyright 2002, Reuters All Rights Reserved Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] GM holds rallies to protest fuel standard proposal
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/14739/story.htm Planet Ark : UPDATE - GM holds rallies to protest fuel standard proposal USA: February 27, 2002 PONTIAC - General Motors Corp. and union workers held rallies at plants in three Midwestern states Monday warning that the U.S. automotive industry would lose more than 100,000 jobs if the Senate passed a proposal to raise fuel economy standards. The rallies are the latest effort by the world's largest automaker to counter a proposal by Democratic Senators Ernest Hollings and John Kerry to raise the average fuel economy of new cars and trucks to 35 miles (56 km) per gallon by 2013. The current Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards, first enacted by Congress in the mid-1970s when gas prices soared during the oil embargo, require passenger cars to average 27.5 mpg. Sport utility vehicles, minivans, pickup trucks and other vehicles in the light truck category need only get 20.7 mpg. The increase would cut more than 100,000 jobs in the U.S. automotive sector, Guy Briggs, GM's general manager of vehicle manufacturing, told one of the rallies at GM's assembly plant in Pontiac, Michigan, which makes the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra full-size pickup trucks. It's a domino effect with devastating consequences, he told hundreds of workers. Briggs said GM favored customer incentives on more fuel-efficient vehicles, such as tax credits for hybrid gasoline-electric vehicles, as an alternative to stricter CAFE standards. Michigan Democratic Sen. Carl Levin said at the event that he hoped to propose legislation including tax credits and government purchases of more fuel-efficient vehicles. Other meetings were to be held at GM plants in Toledo, Ohio, and Janesville, Wisconsin, this week. The Senate is expected to resume debate this week over raising fuel economy standards. Ford Motor Co. and DaimlerChrsyler AG's Chrysler group have also hosted rallies at some of their U.S. plants this month. Republican Sen. John McCain of Arizona has offered his own plan, which would give automakers three more years to reach a slightly higher U.S. fleet average of 36 mpg. When the CAFE regulations were adopted in the 1970s, trucks were used primarily for commercial purposes. But sales of gas-guzzling sport utility vehicles for passenger use have soared over the past 30 years, causing environmentalists to demand that the CAFE standards be raised. Richard Shoemaker, a vice president of the United Auto Workers, said the union supports CAFE. But the higher standards supported by some senators would unfairly force GM to raise average fuel economy of its new cars and trucks by 30 to 40 percent, while Honda would have to increase by only 15 percent. Because American manufacturers' vehicle sales are tilted more toward trucks, they would have to make a greater effort to meet the higher standards than Japanese makers, who predominantly sell a greater share of cars. Levin and GM officials said that CAFE unfairly discriminates against U.S. automakers. American-made pickup trucks and SUVs are just as fuel-efficient as those from Japan, he said. But higher CAFE standards would force Americans to buy Japanese-made trucks, because Toyota Motor Corp. and Honda Motor Co. Ltd. can offset the lower fuel efficiency of trucks with their strong sales of more fuel-efficient cars. The proposal before the Senate will do little or nothing for the environment, but will do a hell of a lot to end American jobs, Levin said. We're pushing people into foreign-made vehicles even though they're not more fuel-efficient. Briggs and Shoemaker said they were encouraging automotive workers across the country to write letters or telephone their representatives in opposition to the stricter CAFE standards. Story by Michael Ellis REUTERS NEWS SERVICE Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Honda tunes environmental image with Civic hybrid
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/14779/story.htm Planet Ark : Honda tunes environmental image with Civic hybrid USA: February 28, 2002 DETROIT - While other auto makers voice their opposition to higher U.S. fuel economy standards, Honda Motor Co. Ltd. is ramping up production of a compact sedan that gets about 50 miles (80 km) per gallon. While the gasoline-electric hybrid version of the popular Civic will not be sold in large enough numbers to have much impact on Honda's balance sheet, the auto maker hopes the vehicles will burnish its image as an environmentally aware company. The hybrid Civic is an investment in the future, Peter Rech, head of Honda product planning, said during a presentation. It's important for Honda to be a leader ... it's one way Honda sustains its independence. The Civic hybrids will be priced at about $20,000, roughly $3,000 more than high-end models of what now ranks as the third best-selling car in the United States. Honda hopes to sell about 2,000 hybrid Civics per month, less than 10 percent of its average monthly Civic sales, after the car makes its commercial debut next month. The Civic follows in the footsteps of two smaller vehicles - Honda's own Insight and Toyota Motor Corp.'s Prius sedan - as a hybrid car that boosts fuel economy by linking a gasoline engine to an electric motor and battery pack. General Motors Corp., Ford Motor Co. and the Chrysler arm of DaimlerChrysler AG have pledged to build their own hybrids in a year or two from now. Hybrids have been touted by environmentalists as the quickest way to improve vehicle mileage and reduce oil consumption. President Bush and Congress have proposed special tax credits for hybrid vehicles to encourage consumer demand. But many auto makers have not been so enthusiastic, citing the extra cost of hybrids and the lack of demand among American drivers for high-mileage vehicles. At current U.S. gasoline prices, a hybrid Civic buyer would need roughly 15 years to pay off the extra $2,000 to $2,500 cost of the hybrid system with fuel savings. Rech and other Honda executives said it was important to sell hybrids to gain experience with consumers and establish the auto maker as a hybrid leader. Rech said Honda's experience with the Insight showed that many consumers still wrongly believed hybrid cars need to be plugged in like electric cars. MILEAGE TO GO The hybrid Civic comes as Detroit's Big Three are pouring their energies into fighting proposals in Congress to raise federal fuel efficiency standards from their current levels of 27.5 miles (44.2 km) per gallon average for cars and 20.7 miles (33.3 km) per gallon average for vans, minivans, pickups and sport utility vehicles. Unlike other auto makers, Honda isn't opposed to an increase in the standards, as long as the increase applies equally to all auto makers and the government gives the companies time to make changes in their vehicles. It is an easier position for Honda to take, since it already has the highest corporate fuel economy average of any large automaker. Honda sells no full-size SUVs or pickup trucks and sells no engines in the United States larger than 3.5 liters. By comparison, Ford alone sold some 230,000 7.3 liter truck engines last year. The new Civic uses a number of tricks to boost its fuel economy. The 1.3-liter gasoline engine shuts down when idling at traffic stops. When the car decelerates, the engine can shut off three of its four cylinders. And the hybrid Civic gets a few aerodynamic improvements to reduce drag. In addition to price, there are a few other drawbacks. The hybrid Civic drives quietly, but has slower acceleration than regular models. The battery pack takes up some trunk space and makes it impossible to fold the rear seats flat. Rech said Honda was still debating what its next move into hybrids would be, but Honda has shown off two concept cars in recent months that use hybrid systems to boost performance as much as fuel economy - including one model designed to produce 400 horsepower and get 50 miles per gallon. Story by Justin Hyde REUTERS NEWS SERVICE Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Japan's NKK tests truck with new generation fuel
Yawn... http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/14768/story.htm Planet Ark : Japan's NKK tests truck with new generation fuel JAPAN: February 28, 2002 TOKYO - Japanese steelmaker NKK Corp said yesterday it would begin road testing a truck that runs on the new generation fuel dimethylether (DME), a marker in the road towards widespread use of eco-friendly fuels. DME, produced from natural gases and coal, has little impact on the environment as it does not produce harmful sulphur oxides or particulate matter during combustion, unlike regular fuels. NKK said it had adapted a two-tonne truck to use the fuel with only minor adjustments to the engine and the addition of a fuel-injection adapter. NKK is leading a team of eight companies - mostly Japanese except for French oil firm TotalFinaELF - in developing technology for low-cost mass production of DME. The group hopes to start supplying DME by the business year beginning in April 2006. NKK has estimated that the potential market for DME in Asia alone as a replacement for LPG and as a generator fuel is 100 million tons a year by 2010. Swedish truck-maker Volvo has also researched engines that run on DME. REUTERS NEWS SERVICE Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Kerry's idea on diesel fuel irks environmentalists
http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/059/nation/Kerry_s_idea_on_diesel_fu el_irks_environmentalists+.shtml Boston Globe Online / Nation | World / Kerry's idea on diesel fuel irks environmentalists By Robert Schlesinger, Globe Staff, 2/28/2002 WASHINGTON - Senator John F. Kerry's effort to require increased fuel efficiency in cars drew criticism from an unlikely source yesterday - environmentalists who are usually his staunch allies. They reacted negatively after Kerry told reporters he would consider supporting the option of increased use of diesel fuel in automobiles. Kerry is the lead sponsor of a proposal that would raise the fuel-efficiency standard to 35 miles per gallon by 2013, up from the current average of 25 miles per gallon. He estimates such a change would save 3 million barrels of oil per day by 2020. In answering a reporter's query, he noted that many European vehicles use diesel to increase fuel efficiency. ''I would personally be willing to embrace bringing diesel into the mix,'' Kerry said. ''The gains in terms of fuel are extraordinary.'' The Clinton administration in 1999 issued rules lowering the allowable amount of diesel emissions from cars; diesel emissions are carcinogenic. Word of Kerry's comments spread quickly among environmental activists in Washington. ''Stunned surprise I guess is the initial reaction,'' said Frank O'Donnell of the Clean Air Trust. ''There's no person in the environmental community who would trade higher fuel efficiency for more cancer-causing diesels.'' Kerry's office moved quickly to control any damage, and he issued a statement last night clarifying his comments. ''I'm not suggesting any reductions in diesel standard,'' Kerry said. ''I'm reiterating my strong belief that in spite of the industry's utter refusal to negotiate in good faith, there should be room for reasonable, rational debate about how to unite senators around a significant effort in fuel efficiency to help reduce dependence on foreign oil.'' The statement appeared to mollify some in the environmental community. ''Ruling nothing out isn't the same as ruling something in,'' said Dan Becker of the Sierra Club. ''I would be very surprised if there is any effort to weaken the Clean Air Act as part of this energy bill.'' This story ran on page A7 of the Boston Globe on 2/28/2002. © Copyright 2002 Globe Newspaper Company. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Native Tribes Offered US$2.5 Million To Develop Their Own Renewable Energy
http://www.solaraccess.com/news/story.jsp?storyid=1564 Renewable Energy News | Native Tribes Offered US$2.5 Million To Develop Their Own Renewable Energy GOLDEN, Colorado 2002-02-26 [SolarAccess.com] The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) will invite native tribes to apply for US$2.5 million of financial support to develop Renewable Energy on Tribal lands. The DOE will only consider applications from federally recognized tribes or Alaskan Native Corporations. Through one to three year cooperative agreements, DOE intends to provide financial support to conduct feasibility studies and share in the cost of implementing sustainable Renewable Energy installations on tribal lands. Under this solicitation the DOE is requesting applications to either: conduct feasibility studies for the development of economically sustainable Renewable Energy installations on tribal Lands or to implement sustainable Renewable Energy development projects. DOE will only consider applications from tribes on whose lands the project will be located. Applications from a consortium of tribes will be accepted but must be submitted by a single tribe representing the consortium. The DOE anticipates awarding 10 to 15 Renewable Energy Feasibility Study Applications and three to five Renewable Energy Development Project Applications. No cost share is required in order to be considered for feasibility study awards under this program. For development projects, a minimum cost share of 20 percent of total project costs is needed for awards to be considered. However, applicants proposing more than the required cost share will be given additional consideration in the selection process. All applicant cost sharing must come from non-federal sources. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/9bTolB/TM -~- Biofuels at Journey to Forever http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel at WebConX http://www.webconx.com/2000/biofuel/biofuel.htm To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuels-biz] Preliminary Deal On Ethanol Plan
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uslatest/story/0,1282,-1552644,00.html Preliminary Deal On Ethanol Plan Friday March 1, 2002 7:20 AM WASHINGTON (AP) - A proposal calling for major changes in the nation's gasoline is being worked out in the Senate, a compromise plan that resolves long-standing differences between oil companies, farmers and environmentalists. The tentative agreement would require a tripling of the amount of ethanol to be used in gasoline, a boon to the farming industry, while it also would ban the additive, MTBE, which has been blamed for fouling lakes and streams in a number of states. And it would end the requirement that gasoline in areas of serious air pollution contain a certain amount of oxygen, a rule the oil companies say is outdated because they can blend fuel to meet air quality requirements. While some details remained to be worked out, Senate negotiators - and the unusual alliance of frequently feuding interest groups - have reached general agreement on the plan, several participants in the discussions said Thursday. The role of ethanol in gasoline and the future of MTBE, the fossil-fuel based additive that is under attack from New England to California for polluting waterways, has been the subject of intense political jockeying in Congress for years. But now, barring any unforeseen glitches, a proposal to address both issues is likely to attract broad bipartisan support when it is considered as part of a far-reaching Senate energy bill probably next week, congressional sources said. When the government in 1995 required a minimum level of oxygen in gasoline to help the fuel burn more cleanly, most refiners turned to MTBE, although some - largely in the Midwest - used ethanol as an oxygenate. Farm-state lawmakers' attempts to increase the requirements for ethanol, mostly made from corn, repeatedly failed because of opposition from oil interests and the methanol industry. Attempts to ban MTBE also has stalled, although the Environmental Protection Agency urged phasing out the additive nearly three years ago. Oil companies, fearing the growth of ethanol use, said they would not accept a ban unless the overall oxygenate requirement also was scrapped. But many environmentalists feared that an across-the-board lifting of the oxygen requirement would increase pollution. The stalemate continued right up to last summer when attempts to include an MTBE ban and a provision for more ethanol use as part of a House energy bill never gained traction. Not so in the Senate, where Majority Leader Tom Daschle of South Dakota, a state with ethanol plants, demanded a provision boosting ethanol use from the current 1.7 billion gallons to 5 billion gallons over the next decade. But that wouldn't fly unless the oil companies and environmentalists also got something. So the compromise also would ban MTBE in four years and scrap the requirement that gasoline contain at least 2 percent oxygenate in areas with heavy air pollution - about a third of all gasoline sold. ``Nobody's 100 percent happy,'' said one of the participants in the negotiations, but all at once the feuding sides appear to be coming together. While Daschle's strong interest is ethanol, it is the MTBE ban that harnessed the support of two other influential senators, James Jeffords, I-Vt., and Bob Smith, R-N.H., the chairman and ranking Republican, respectively, on the Senate Environment Committee, whose states are clamoring for an end to the additive because it is polluting their water. The Bush administration also has been eager to work out an agreement that would please two powerful constituencies, oil and agriculture. Still, some problems remain to be worked out, said several of the participants in the negotiations, speaking on condition of anonymity. For one, the oil industry wants to make sure the ethanol requirement does not cause supply problems. One proposal is to give refiners, who don't want to use ethanol, the ability to buy credits from other refiners who use more ethanol than they would be required to use. And MTBE makers are trying to get the government to help them shift into another field - perhaps making another clean-air gasoline additive. After all, they argue, it is the government's oxygen requirement seven years ago that triggered their investments in MTBE. Bill Becker, who represents state air quality control officials, said he is worried that wider use of ethanol will increase air pollution in some states where governors will find it hard to participate in a federal clean-fuel program. He said he's raised those concerns in the negotiations, but doesn't believe the issue will thwart an agreement. ``There will definitely be increased pollution,'' he said. But in a congressional game of horse trading, Becker has not been able to convince other environmentalists that this concern outweighs getting rid of MTBE and its pollution problems.
[biofuel] New Distillers FAQ
NEW DISTILLERS Frequently Asked Questions (Sept'01) Posted near the 1st of each month, to the NEW_DISTILLERS newsgroup at www.yahoogroups.com Please email any additions, corrections, clarifications required, etc regarding the FAQ to Tony Ackland ([EMAIL PROTECTED]), however please direct any general questions to the newsgroup itself. *** 1) Is distilling hard to do ? 2) Is it legal ? 3) Will it make me blind ? 4) Whats the difference between a pot still, reflux still, and fractionating column ? 5) How do I get or make a still ? 6) How do I make a whisky / rum / vodka / gin ? 7) Should I use sugar or grains ? 8) Can I use fruit wine ? 9) How do I get rid of that off-taste ? 10) How do I measure the strength of it dilute it ? 11) How do I flavour/turn the vodka's into something else ? 12) What web resources are there ? 13) How do I contact the NEW DISTILLERS news group ? 14) Can I run my car on it ? 15) How do I convert between gallons and litres and 16) What is a Thumper ? 17) Can I use a reflux still to make rum or whisky ? ** 1) Is distilling hard to do ? Nope - if you can follow instructions enough to bake scones, then you can sucessfully distil. To distil well however, will require you to understand what you're doing, so read around and get a bit of information under your belt before you begin. 2) Is it legal ? Probably not. It is only legal in New Zealand, and some European countries turn a blind eye to it, but elsewhere it is illegal, with punishment ranging from fines to imprisonment or floggings. This action against it is usually the result of either religous beliefs (right or wrong), but more generally due to the great revenue base it provides Governements through excise taxes. So if you are going to distil, just be aware of the potential legal ramifications. 3) Will it make me blind ? Not if you're careful. This pervasive question is due to moonshine lore, which abounds with myths of blindness, but few actual documented cases. The concern is due to the presence of methanol (wood alcohol), an optic nerve poison, which can be present in small amounts when fermenting grains or fruits high in pectin. This methanol comes off first from the still, so it is easily segregated and discarded. A simple rule of thumb for this is to throw away the first 50 mL you collect (per 20 L mash used). Probably the greatest risk to your health during distilling is the risk of fire - collecting a flammable liquid near a heat source. So keep a fire extinguisher nearby. 4) Whats the difference between a pot still, reflux still, and fractionating column ? A pot still simply collects and condenses the alcohol vapours that come off the boiling mash. This will result in an alcohol at about 40-60% purity, with plenty of flavour in it. If this distillate were put through the pot still again, it would increase in purity to around 70-85% purity, and lose a bit of its flavour. A reflux still does these multiple distillations in one single go, by having some packing in a column between the condensor the pot, and allowing some of the vapour to condense and trickle back down through the packing. This reflux of liquid helps clean the rising vapour and increase the % purity. The taller the packed column, and the more reflux liquid, the purer the product will be. The advantage of doing this is that it will result in a clean vodka, with little flavour to it - ideal for mixing with flavours etc. A fractionating column is a pure form of the reflux still. It will condense all the vapour at the top of the packing, and return about 9/10 back down the column. The column will be quite tall - say 600-1200mm (2-4 foot), and packed with a material high in surface area, but which takes up little space (pot scrubbers are good for this). It will result in an alcohol 95%+ pure (the theoretical limit without using a vacuum is 96.48 %(by volume)), with no other tastes or impurities in it. 5) How do I get or make a still ? If you're after a pot still, these are generally home made using what-ever you have at hand - say copper tubing and old water heaters or pressure cookers. Reflux stills can be made from plans on the net, or bought from several manufacturers. For reflux stil plans see Stillmakers Build a World Class Distillation Apparatus at http://www.Moonshine-Still.com (Free!) or Gert Strands : http://partyman.se/Engelsk/default.htm (US$5). A good book is Ian Smileys Making Pure Corn Whisky at http://www.magma.ca/~smiley/main.htm, with full design details. See the list of web resources below for links to sites selling ready-made stills. For fuel alcohol stills see the Mother Earth Alcohol Fuel manual at http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library/ethanol_motherearth/meToC.html, and the The Manual for the Home and Farm Production of Alcohol Fuel
RE: [biofuel] Its not possible to make affordable biodiesel in the UK...
Hi Giacomo and why not to do it from used oil? that would decrease the price of your biodiesel, i'm using not so pure methanol, i buy it on the supermarket, much cheaper, and just using a bit more works the same. 1L - 1 EUR - 0,8 $ i guess hope this helps: to me, here in spain the price is: used oil - free or if i need a lot (0'06 EUR/L - 750 ml) - 0'045EUR Biodiesel Tax - 0 (Don't tell to the police) Methanol- (1EUR/L - 250ml) - 0,25 EUR sodium hydroxide - (3EUR/kg - 6'5 gr) - 0'028 EUR cost of biodiesel: 0'32EUR cost of derv: 0'66 EUR and is cheaper i buy methanol on biger quantities and if i recover methanol after reaction. cheers Manolo Rolan Valencia, Spain htto://www27.brinkster.com/manolorolan -Mensaje original- De: Giacomo Mosca [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Enviado el: jueves, 28 de febrero de 2002 22:57 Para: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Asunto: [biofuel] Its not possible to make affordable biodiesel in the UK... Gd Evening, I dont think its possible to make biodiesel for a better price than DERV Diesel using new oil!!! Someone please prove me wrong i really want to use biodiesel but i wanna be able to afford it!! To make a litre of biodiesel it would cost: Cheapest New Oil (37p/L - 750ml) 28p Biodiesel Tax (from april) 25p/L Anhydrous Methanol (£1.92/L - 250ml) 48p My own time and effort and electricity Negligable Cost of Biodiesel £1.01/L (exc sodium lye) - Cost of DERV 74p/L Someone please help, Giac Mosca Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Hey Motie, this what you wanted to do??
BATTLE CREEK, Mich., Feb. 20 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Triad Innovations (OTC Bulletin Board: TINN - news) announced that it has obtained financing to begin the construction phase of its Cryogen Centrifuge Process (CCP) for demonstration to the ethanol industry. The CCP system offers a method of refining ethanol without the need for a typical distillation process, resulting in a significant cost reduction. Triad's Research Lab has been evaluating the device and method for the past four years, and is now expanding the development stage to include the construction of a Pilot System that can demonstrate the process at ethanol refineries across the country. The typical ethanol refinery generally produces about 190 tons of carbon dioxide per day during the fermentation phase. The CCP system will recover this carbon dioxide by-product and used it as a cryogen to recrystallize the water from the fermentation beer, all within a continuous flow centrifuge. The developed centrifugal field will separate water crystals from the liquid ethanol fraction, thereby eliminating the need to thermally vaporize the fermentation beer, a cost intensive process used in current distillation methods. Triad intends to show the economic implications of the CCP system and demonstrate it's applicability to existing and future operating refineries, by having the Mobile Pilot System available for demonstration at refinery locations by mid-2002. Simultaneously with the demonstration process, Triad will be pursuing strategic Ethanol Industry alliances, for placement of its product in the industry. Interested ethanol fuel producers may contact Triad to schedule a demonstration at: Triad Innovations Inc. (http://www.triadinnovations.com) is the developer of proprietary centrifuge separation processes in gas/vapor, dissolved salts, fine particles, and dehydration of continuous flow streams. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] currency converters
is not a biofuel issue, but sometimes when we talk about $ pts ¥ or other currencies, i have to put my brain to work to know of how much money is talking about. i've just discovered this page, and i thought it could be useful to the group. perhaps everybody already knws it, but just in case ... here it is http://www.xe.com/ucc/ Manolo Roln Valencia, Spain http://www27.brinkster.com/manolorolan Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] British travel pod makes science fantasy a fact
http://enn.com/news/wire-stories/2002/02/02272002/reu_46518.asp - 2/27/2002 - ENN.com British travel pod makes science fantasy a fact Wednesday, February 27, 2002 By Toni Vorobyova, Reuters LONDON - A shiny white pod that began road tests this month may well be the taxi of the future. The pod, known as ULTra - Urban Light Transport - could make driver-free transport a reality and not just the stuff of futuristic fantasy. It will be the first in the world, said Richard Treychenne, director of business development at ULTra's makers, Advanced Transport Systems Limited. The pod - which seats up to four passengers - is the brainchild of Bristol University's Martin Lowson, who is no stranger to making science fiction dreams come true. His past projects include the Apollo Moon-landing program in the United States. Wherever possible, ULTra will run along the ground, but some routes might require tracks to be raised on pillars above roads, creating a truly futuristic look. The first stage of the ULTra project will have 30 pods circling the Cardiff Bay area in Wales by 2004 if all goes according to plan, Treychenne said. Next, the pods would move to the center of the Welsh capital. At a maximum of 25 miles per hour, ULTra may not reach cosmic speeds but should still speed past cars and buses stuck in traffic. The battery-powered pods will operate on a single five-foot track - less than half the width of a single lane of road - and recharge at every stop to keep their energy levels topped up. Resistant to vandalism, snow, rain, and ice, the vehicles will be designed to stop automatically if they sense an object in their path. SMART TAXIS ULTra pods can work as an automated personal taxi system. Passengers will hail the pod from a designated stop, where they select the required destination along a set route. When the pod pulls up, the passengers swipe a smart card giving the travel details, and ULTra carries them directly to their chosen stops. Rubber wheels ensure a quiet journey, and security cameras at every stop increase passenger safety. Its designers say ULTra could spell the end of taxi lines, because passengers would find on-call pods at designated stops at least 80 percent of the time. This efficiency would come from a large number of pods in circulation and by shortened journey times without conventional traffic jams. Advanced Transport Systems estimate that building an ULTra network would cost about one-third to one-half of the amount needed for a light railway. Connecting Cardiff's city center to its waterside region is expected to cost $65 million. Old car parks and shops will be converted into express stations for hospitals and other focal points in the city. The pods will be accessible to the disabled as well as to passengers with bicycles or prams, with lifts taking people up to high-rise stations. Designers hope that the experience will cost about as much as an ordinary bus journey - or even less if passengers are prepared to share their pods. In a modern development like the Cardiff waterfront area, we feel that the system will match the architecture very well, said the ULTra design team. Copyright 2002, Reuters All Rights Reserved Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] GM holds rallies to protest fuel standard proposal
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/14739/story.htm Planet Ark : UPDATE - GM holds rallies to protest fuel standard proposal USA: February 27, 2002 PONTIAC - General Motors Corp. and union workers held rallies at plants in three Midwestern states Monday warning that the U.S. automotive industry would lose more than 100,000 jobs if the Senate passed a proposal to raise fuel economy standards. The rallies are the latest effort by the world's largest automaker to counter a proposal by Democratic Senators Ernest Hollings and John Kerry to raise the average fuel economy of new cars and trucks to 35 miles (56 km) per gallon by 2013. The current Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards, first enacted by Congress in the mid-1970s when gas prices soared during the oil embargo, require passenger cars to average 27.5 mpg. Sport utility vehicles, minivans, pickup trucks and other vehicles in the light truck category need only get 20.7 mpg. The increase would cut more than 100,000 jobs in the U.S. automotive sector, Guy Briggs, GM's general manager of vehicle manufacturing, told one of the rallies at GM's assembly plant in Pontiac, Michigan, which makes the Chevrolet Silverado and GMC Sierra full-size pickup trucks. It's a domino effect with devastating consequences, he told hundreds of workers. Briggs said GM favored customer incentives on more fuel-efficient vehicles, such as tax credits for hybrid gasoline-electric vehicles, as an alternative to stricter CAFE standards. Michigan Democratic Sen. Carl Levin said at the event that he hoped to propose legislation including tax credits and government purchases of more fuel-efficient vehicles. Other meetings were to be held at GM plants in Toledo, Ohio, and Janesville, Wisconsin, this week. The Senate is expected to resume debate this week over raising fuel economy standards. Ford Motor Co. and DaimlerChrsyler AG's Chrysler group have also hosted rallies at some of their U.S. plants this month. Republican Sen. John McCain of Arizona has offered his own plan, which would give automakers three more years to reach a slightly higher U.S. fleet average of 36 mpg. When the CAFE regulations were adopted in the 1970s, trucks were used primarily for commercial purposes. But sales of gas-guzzling sport utility vehicles for passenger use have soared over the past 30 years, causing environmentalists to demand that the CAFE standards be raised. Richard Shoemaker, a vice president of the United Auto Workers, said the union supports CAFE. But the higher standards supported by some senators would unfairly force GM to raise average fuel economy of its new cars and trucks by 30 to 40 percent, while Honda would have to increase by only 15 percent. Because American manufacturers' vehicle sales are tilted more toward trucks, they would have to make a greater effort to meet the higher standards than Japanese makers, who predominantly sell a greater share of cars. Levin and GM officials said that CAFE unfairly discriminates against U.S. automakers. American-made pickup trucks and SUVs are just as fuel-efficient as those from Japan, he said. But higher CAFE standards would force Americans to buy Japanese-made trucks, because Toyota Motor Corp. and Honda Motor Co. Ltd. can offset the lower fuel efficiency of trucks with their strong sales of more fuel-efficient cars. The proposal before the Senate will do little or nothing for the environment, but will do a hell of a lot to end American jobs, Levin said. We're pushing people into foreign-made vehicles even though they're not more fuel-efficient. Briggs and Shoemaker said they were encouraging automotive workers across the country to write letters or telephone their representatives in opposition to the stricter CAFE standards. Story by Michael Ellis REUTERS NEWS SERVICE Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Honda tunes environmental image with Civic hybrid
http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/14779/story.htm Planet Ark : Honda tunes environmental image with Civic hybrid USA: February 28, 2002 DETROIT - While other auto makers voice their opposition to higher U.S. fuel economy standards, Honda Motor Co. Ltd. is ramping up production of a compact sedan that gets about 50 miles (80 km) per gallon. While the gasoline-electric hybrid version of the popular Civic will not be sold in large enough numbers to have much impact on Honda's balance sheet, the auto maker hopes the vehicles will burnish its image as an environmentally aware company. The hybrid Civic is an investment in the future, Peter Rech, head of Honda product planning, said during a presentation. It's important for Honda to be a leader ... it's one way Honda sustains its independence. The Civic hybrids will be priced at about $20,000, roughly $3,000 more than high-end models of what now ranks as the third best-selling car in the United States. Honda hopes to sell about 2,000 hybrid Civics per month, less than 10 percent of its average monthly Civic sales, after the car makes its commercial debut next month. The Civic follows in the footsteps of two smaller vehicles - Honda's own Insight and Toyota Motor Corp.'s Prius sedan - as a hybrid car that boosts fuel economy by linking a gasoline engine to an electric motor and battery pack. General Motors Corp., Ford Motor Co. and the Chrysler arm of DaimlerChrysler AG have pledged to build their own hybrids in a year or two from now. Hybrids have been touted by environmentalists as the quickest way to improve vehicle mileage and reduce oil consumption. President Bush and Congress have proposed special tax credits for hybrid vehicles to encourage consumer demand. But many auto makers have not been so enthusiastic, citing the extra cost of hybrids and the lack of demand among American drivers for high-mileage vehicles. At current U.S. gasoline prices, a hybrid Civic buyer would need roughly 15 years to pay off the extra $2,000 to $2,500 cost of the hybrid system with fuel savings. Rech and other Honda executives said it was important to sell hybrids to gain experience with consumers and establish the auto maker as a hybrid leader. Rech said Honda's experience with the Insight showed that many consumers still wrongly believed hybrid cars need to be plugged in like electric cars. MILEAGE TO GO The hybrid Civic comes as Detroit's Big Three are pouring their energies into fighting proposals in Congress to raise federal fuel efficiency standards from their current levels of 27.5 miles (44.2 km) per gallon average for cars and 20.7 miles (33.3 km) per gallon average for vans, minivans, pickups and sport utility vehicles. Unlike other auto makers, Honda isn't opposed to an increase in the standards, as long as the increase applies equally to all auto makers and the government gives the companies time to make changes in their vehicles. It is an easier position for Honda to take, since it already has the highest corporate fuel economy average of any large automaker. Honda sells no full-size SUVs or pickup trucks and sells no engines in the United States larger than 3.5 liters. By comparison, Ford alone sold some 230,000 7.3 liter truck engines last year. The new Civic uses a number of tricks to boost its fuel economy. The 1.3-liter gasoline engine shuts down when idling at traffic stops. When the car decelerates, the engine can shut off three of its four cylinders. And the hybrid Civic gets a few aerodynamic improvements to reduce drag. In addition to price, there are a few other drawbacks. The hybrid Civic drives quietly, but has slower acceleration than regular models. The battery pack takes up some trunk space and makes it impossible to fold the rear seats flat. Rech said Honda was still debating what its next move into hybrids would be, but Honda has shown off two concept cars in recent months that use hybrid systems to boost performance as much as fuel economy - including one model designed to produce 400 horsepower and get 50 miles per gallon. Story by Justin Hyde REUTERS NEWS SERVICE Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Japan's NKK tests truck with new generation fuel
Yawn... http://www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/14768/story.htm Planet Ark : Japan's NKK tests truck with new generation fuel JAPAN: February 28, 2002 TOKYO - Japanese steelmaker NKK Corp said yesterday it would begin road testing a truck that runs on the new generation fuel dimethylether (DME), a marker in the road towards widespread use of eco-friendly fuels. DME, produced from natural gases and coal, has little impact on the environment as it does not produce harmful sulphur oxides or particulate matter during combustion, unlike regular fuels. NKK said it had adapted a two-tonne truck to use the fuel with only minor adjustments to the engine and the addition of a fuel-injection adapter. NKK is leading a team of eight companies - mostly Japanese except for French oil firm TotalFinaELF - in developing technology for low-cost mass production of DME. The group hopes to start supplying DME by the business year beginning in April 2006. NKK has estimated that the potential market for DME in Asia alone as a replacement for LPG and as a generator fuel is 100 million tons a year by 2010. Swedish truck-maker Volvo has also researched engines that run on DME. REUTERS NEWS SERVICE Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Kerry's idea on diesel fuel irks environmentalists
http://www.boston.com/dailyglobe2/059/nation/Kerry_s_idea_on_diesel_fu el_irks_environmentalists+.shtml Boston Globe Online / Nation | World / Kerry's idea on diesel fuel irks environmentalists By Robert Schlesinger, Globe Staff, 2/28/2002 WASHINGTON - Senator John F. Kerry's effort to require increased fuel efficiency in cars drew criticism from an unlikely source yesterday - environmentalists who are usually his staunch allies. They reacted negatively after Kerry told reporters he would consider supporting the option of increased use of diesel fuel in automobiles. Kerry is the lead sponsor of a proposal that would raise the fuel-efficiency standard to 35 miles per gallon by 2013, up from the current average of 25 miles per gallon. He estimates such a change would save 3 million barrels of oil per day by 2020. In answering a reporter's query, he noted that many European vehicles use diesel to increase fuel efficiency. ''I would personally be willing to embrace bringing diesel into the mix,'' Kerry said. ''The gains in terms of fuel are extraordinary.'' The Clinton administration in 1999 issued rules lowering the allowable amount of diesel emissions from cars; diesel emissions are carcinogenic. Word of Kerry's comments spread quickly among environmental activists in Washington. ''Stunned surprise I guess is the initial reaction,'' said Frank O'Donnell of the Clean Air Trust. ''There's no person in the environmental community who would trade higher fuel efficiency for more cancer-causing diesels.'' Kerry's office moved quickly to control any damage, and he issued a statement last night clarifying his comments. ''I'm not suggesting any reductions in diesel standard,'' Kerry said. ''I'm reiterating my strong belief that in spite of the industry's utter refusal to negotiate in good faith, there should be room for reasonable, rational debate about how to unite senators around a significant effort in fuel efficiency to help reduce dependence on foreign oil.'' The statement appeared to mollify some in the environmental community. ''Ruling nothing out isn't the same as ruling something in,'' said Dan Becker of the Sierra Club. ''I would be very surprised if there is any effort to weaken the Clean Air Act as part of this energy bill.'' This story ran on page A7 of the Boston Globe on 2/28/2002. © Copyright 2002 Globe Newspaper Company. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Native Tribes Offered US$2.5 Million To Develop Their Own Renewable Energy
http://www.solaraccess.com/news/story.jsp?storyid=1564 Renewable Energy News | Native Tribes Offered US$2.5 Million To Develop Their Own Renewable Energy GOLDEN, Colorado 2002-02-26 [SolarAccess.com] The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) will invite native tribes to apply for US$2.5 million of financial support to develop Renewable Energy on Tribal lands. The DOE will only consider applications from federally recognized tribes or Alaskan Native Corporations. Through one to three year cooperative agreements, DOE intends to provide financial support to conduct feasibility studies and share in the cost of implementing sustainable Renewable Energy installations on tribal lands. Under this solicitation the DOE is requesting applications to either: conduct feasibility studies for the development of economically sustainable Renewable Energy installations on tribal Lands or to implement sustainable Renewable Energy development projects. DOE will only consider applications from tribes on whose lands the project will be located. Applications from a consortium of tribes will be accepted but must be submitted by a single tribe representing the consortium. The DOE anticipates awarding 10 to 15 Renewable Energy Feasibility Study Applications and three to five Renewable Energy Development Project Applications. No cost share is required in order to be considered for feasibility study awards under this program. For development projects, a minimum cost share of 20 percent of total project costs is needed for awards to be considered. However, applicants proposing more than the required cost share will be given additional consideration in the selection process. All applicant cost sharing must come from non-federal sources. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Preliminary Deal On Ethanol Plan
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uslatest/story/0,1282,-1552644,00.html Preliminary Deal On Ethanol Plan Friday March 1, 2002 7:20 AM WASHINGTON (AP) - A proposal calling for major changes in the nation's gasoline is being worked out in the Senate, a compromise plan that resolves long-standing differences between oil companies, farmers and environmentalists. The tentative agreement would require a tripling of the amount of ethanol to be used in gasoline, a boon to the farming industry, while it also would ban the additive, MTBE, which has been blamed for fouling lakes and streams in a number of states. And it would end the requirement that gasoline in areas of serious air pollution contain a certain amount of oxygen, a rule the oil companies say is outdated because they can blend fuel to meet air quality requirements. While some details remained to be worked out, Senate negotiators - and the unusual alliance of frequently feuding interest groups - have reached general agreement on the plan, several participants in the discussions said Thursday. The role of ethanol in gasoline and the future of MTBE, the fossil-fuel based additive that is under attack from New England to California for polluting waterways, has been the subject of intense political jockeying in Congress for years. But now, barring any unforeseen glitches, a proposal to address both issues is likely to attract broad bipartisan support when it is considered as part of a far-reaching Senate energy bill probably next week, congressional sources said. When the government in 1995 required a minimum level of oxygen in gasoline to help the fuel burn more cleanly, most refiners turned to MTBE, although some - largely in the Midwest - used ethanol as an oxygenate. Farm-state lawmakers' attempts to increase the requirements for ethanol, mostly made from corn, repeatedly failed because of opposition from oil interests and the methanol industry. Attempts to ban MTBE also has stalled, although the Environmental Protection Agency urged phasing out the additive nearly three years ago. Oil companies, fearing the growth of ethanol use, said they would not accept a ban unless the overall oxygenate requirement also was scrapped. But many environmentalists feared that an across-the-board lifting of the oxygen requirement would increase pollution. The stalemate continued right up to last summer when attempts to include an MTBE ban and a provision for more ethanol use as part of a House energy bill never gained traction. Not so in the Senate, where Majority Leader Tom Daschle of South Dakota, a state with ethanol plants, demanded a provision boosting ethanol use from the current 1.7 billion gallons to 5 billion gallons over the next decade. But that wouldn't fly unless the oil companies and environmentalists also got something. So the compromise also would ban MTBE in four years and scrap the requirement that gasoline contain at least 2 percent oxygenate in areas with heavy air pollution - about a third of all gasoline sold. ``Nobody's 100 percent happy,'' said one of the participants in the negotiations, but all at once the feuding sides appear to be coming together. While Daschle's strong interest is ethanol, it is the MTBE ban that harnessed the support of two other influential senators, James Jeffords, I-Vt., and Bob Smith, R-N.H., the chairman and ranking Republican, respectively, on the Senate Environment Committee, whose states are clamoring for an end to the additive because it is polluting their water. The Bush administration also has been eager to work out an agreement that would please two powerful constituencies, oil and agriculture. Still, some problems remain to be worked out, said several of the participants in the negotiations, speaking on condition of anonymity. For one, the oil industry wants to make sure the ethanol requirement does not cause supply problems. One proposal is to give refiners, who don't want to use ethanol, the ability to buy credits from other refiners who use more ethanol than they would be required to use. And MTBE makers are trying to get the government to help them shift into another field - perhaps making another clean-air gasoline additive. After all, they argue, it is the government's oxygen requirement seven years ago that triggered their investments in MTBE. Bill Becker, who represents state air quality control officials, said he is worried that wider use of ethanol will increase air pollution in some states where governors will find it hard to participate in a federal clean-fuel program. He said he's raised those concerns in the negotiations, but doesn't believe the issue will thwart an agreement. ``There will definitely be increased pollution,'' he said. But in a congressional game of horse trading, Becker has not been able to convince other environmentalists that this concern outweighs getting rid of MTBE and its pollution problems.
[biofuel] Re: Its not possible to make affordable biodiesel in the UK...
I think youre methanol is way too expensive. I get it in Holland for about 2 Euro/L while buying 20 L at a time. Larger quantities makes it even cheaper. John Venema --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Giacomo Mosca [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Gd Evening, I dont think its possible to make biodiesel for a better price than DERV Diesel using new oil!!! Someone please prove me wrong i really want to use biodiesel but i wanna be able to afford it!! To make a litre of biodiesel it would cost: Cheapest New Oil (37p/L - 750ml) 28p Biodiesel Tax (from april) 25p/L Anhydrous Methanol (£1.92/L - 250ml) 48p Sodium Hydroxide My own time and effort and electricity Negligable Cost of Biodiesel £1.01/L (exc sodium lye) - Cost of DERV 74p/L Someone please help, Giac Mosca [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Re: Its not possible to make affordable biodiesel in the UK...
methanol can be got in the uk for about 30p/L in 200L drums from any chemical supplier, and in bulk loads for only 10p/L. From: johnvenema [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Subject: [biofuel] Re: Its not possible to make affordable biodiesel in the UK... Date: Fri, 01 Mar 2002 13:51:12 - I think youre methanol is way too expensive. I get it in Holland for about 2 Euro/L while buying 20 L at a time. Larger quantities makes it even cheaper. John Venema --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Giacomo Mosca [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Gd Evening, I dont think its possible to make biodiesel for a better price than DERV Diesel using new oil!!! Someone please prove me wrong i really want to use biodiesel but i wanna be able to afford it!! To make a litre of biodiesel it would cost: Cheapest New Oil (37p/L - 750ml) 28p Biodiesel Tax (from april) 25p/L Anhydrous Methanol (£1.92/L - 250ml) 48p Sodium Hydroxide My own time and effort and electricity Negligable Cost of Biodiesel £1.01/L (exc sodium lye) - Cost of DERV 74p/L Someone please help, Giac Mosca [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] _ MSN Photos is the easiest way to share and print your photos: http://photos.msn.com/support/worldwide.aspx Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Re: Biodiesel,Glycerine pretreat
- Original Message - From: t_watchornnz [EMAIL PROTECTED] Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2002 5:30 PM Subject: [biofuel] Re: Biodiesel,Glycerine pretreat Trevor, please excuse delay in replying I have gone on to process upper layer (eg top 2 layers mixed!) Titration of oil was 0.6 mil. I normally get 1.8 to 2.5 mil form my one supply. Titration of upper layer would suggest that there was not enough residual caustic in glycerine to neutralise FFA in oil. Therefore not enough excess for transesterification. I normally use about 17% methanol. 17% methanol wouldn't leave much methanol in the glycerine. Would hardly be worth the trouble of recovery. Rate of conversion of WVO would also be low, generally agreed that 20 to 25% methanol required for high rate of conversion WVO to ester. At that use rate methanol recovery becomes worthwhile. Options 1/. Distillation 2/. Mix fresh WVO with glycerine 3/. Add glycerine to next batch, use lower % of methanol. 4/. Can anyone suggest another method? Whilst option 1 is well established options 2 and 3 are as far as I know experimental. 2 would require higher than normal levels of NaOH so that enough was carried over in the glycerine to both neutralise the FFA in the WVO and catalyse the reaction. This in turn produces its own problems. The mixture of WAF and glycerine did not turn out as planed. Had hoped that upon cooling thjree layers would form. BD,solid unreacted WAF and glycerine. Result was two levels, semi-liquid fat above glyverine. So tried 3 test batches of 250 mils. Used 0.5 to 0.6 grams of caustic in all batches. Mixed in blender for 10 minutes at 30 to 40 deg C. Test 1, 20 mil (8%) methanol Test 2, 25 mil (10%) methanol Test 3, 32 mil (13%) methanol Have not had much success with such low levels of methanol,they are all below the ammount required by the reaction and an excess is usually required to push the reaction towards completion. With the variable and poor quality feedstocks that I use experienced a lot of failures before moving up from 15% methanol. In all the stuff I have read re-titration of oil it says to add 3 to 3.5 grams to the resulting mils and use this as your grams per litre. With test batches I find I only need to add 1.4 grams to titration result to give good result. Have double checked my caustic solution and method and think everything is correct. I this a common result?? With good quality oil the result may appear satisfactory but I would suspect that the reaction has not gone to completion without the 3.5g to act as catalyst. A fair guide would be the ammount of glycerine. Its volume should approximate the ammount of methanol used (given that enough methanol was used to ensure complete reaction). With well used WVO/WAF I find that more than the titrated ammount of NaOH is required for satisfactory reaction/stability of product. Look forward to reading further results, Paul Gobert. Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: GM holds rallies to protest fuel standard proposal
Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Levin and GM officials said that CAFE unfairly discriminates against U.S. automakers. American-made pickup trucks and SUVs are just as fuel-efficient as those from Japan, he said. But higher CAFE standards would force Americans to buy Japanese-made trucks, because Toyota Motor Corp. and Honda Motor Co. Ltd. can offset the lower fuel efficiency of trucks with their strong sales of more fuel-efficient cars. Another case of GM talking out of both sides of their collective face. They make statements like this despite the fact that GM and Toyota have a strategic alliance building vehicles together. In fact all of Toyota's US market trucks are built in a plant in California that is a strategic alliance with GM. Saying that driving American consumers to buy Honda cars will cost American jobs is 100% BS, because, with the exception of the hybrids, Honda builds all of their US market cars in the US, of 96% US made parts. Including some parts that they buy from GM's Delco subsidiary. In fact, Honda builds so many cars over here that they are a net _exporter_! In fact, if you want to see just how many other automotive manufacturers that GM either owns or owns pieces of just go look at their website. They love to brag about it. There are some of them that they don't brag about, like Subaru and Isuzu, which they own big chunks of, and Toyota, which they have strategic alliances with. The proposal before the Senate will do little or nothing for the environment, but will do a hell of a lot to end American jobs, Levin said. Horse hockey. They said the same thing about polution controls back in the 1960's. They said the same thing about the original CAFE standards. They said the same thing about catalytic converters in the 1970's, bumper regulations in the 1980's, airbags in the 1990's, and the list goes on. And yet despite this list of things that will cost jobs, the automotive industry is bigger than ever. Besides which, a large number of GM's American cars _are_ Japanese cars. And Canadian. And Mexican. We're pushing people into foreign-made vehicles even though they're not more fuel-efficient. Humpf. The problem is that Honda and Toyota guessed right for the long haul while Detroit was busy riding the tidal wave of SUV popularity that they themselves created to try and get out from under the original CAFE rules. GM has made their bed, and now they get to lie in it. (Pun intended!) AP -- Aviation is more than a hobby. It is more than a job. It is more than a career. Aviation is a way of life. A second language for the world: www.esperanto.com Processor cycles are a terrible thing to waste: www.distributed.net Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Two other great free programs for converting that I use
Try this for converting numbers http://www.joshmadison.com/software/ Try this for currency conversion http://www.belgraver.demon.nl/currconv2/ ref http:// Jesse Parris|studio53| graphics / web design| stamford, ct|[EMAIL PROTECTED] __ This information , and any attachments may contain confidential information and is intended solely for the attention and use of the named addressee(s). ~~~ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Particulates
I was at a meeting last night where one delegate claimed that small particulates 2.5 m or smaller pass through glass. Most unlikely. ie. If you live by a main road, closing your windows does not keep the stuff out of your house. I find that hard to believe. Any opinions? James The glass keeps it out, but not the doorways, the leaks, etc. Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Particulates
I was at a meeting last night where one delegate claimed that small particulates 2.5 m or smaller pass through glass. ie. If you live by a main road, closing your windows does not keep the stuff out of your house. I find that hard to believe. Any opinions? James Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Particulates
Maybe their glass is broken - Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, March 01, 2002 11:49 AM Subject: [biofuel] Particulates I was at a meeting last night where one delegate claimed that small particulates 2.5 m or smaller pass through glass. ie. If you live by a main road, closing your windows does not keep the stuff out of your house. I find that hard to believe. Any opinions? James Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Making Something From Nothing
Wake Island, according to sources on the net, is only 6.5 sq. km. and it is an emergency landing area or something to that effect... and has no inhabitants other than some 100 military personel check out the info page... http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/wq.html When I first saw this post, I was thinking that the reason why the figures were so high was because that was where the US did all those nuclear tests in the 50s... but I guess I was wrong... JEFF --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Dana Linscott [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Ken, Isn't Wake Island a mid pacific US military installation? I think they refuel ships and jets mainly so the figures could be skewed as they sometimes are. I have heard arguments that the US per capita energy use is similarly skewed since it does not take into account the huge petroleum use that is needed to raise and tranport crops which then end up in other countries without the energy use being attributed to those end use countries. Dana --- Ken [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Where is wake island and what are the people doing there, powering a death ray? Ken C. __ Do You Yahoo!? Yahoo! Greetings - Send FREE e-cards for every occasion! http://greetings.yahoo.com Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] $7.5 Million Feedstock Subsidy for SSPC
The major misconception with organic farming is what the chemical companies have to say about how it works overseas... you watch these promotion videos for Monsanto and they show how poor the crops grow in Nepal or Central Africa and they say how foolish they are for not using the most modern chemicals on the market... the truth however is much different: In the United States, it will typically take 7 years of Chemical-free farming to certify the farm organic... but what you must remember is that sustainable farming on land that has been intensely fertilized and the chemical use in general has been high, is that the soil is damaged... the soil microbes like some bacteria, and earthworms have been killed off by the pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers used over the years, and to suddenly try to go no-input is like trying to get someone who's trying to quit heroin cold turkey to start living life normally again... I guess that's the best analogy... the idea that the chemicals used are like drugs and once the soil is addicted, the plants will only be able to take up what YOU put on them, and not be able to access the nutrients already in the soil. The transition to organic farming is a slow one, and it takes great discipline because it doesn't necessarily mean cutting cold turkey but reducing those things you use. For example, to start, there is no such thing as zero-input... that is foolish... grains and other feedstock do take from the soil... using manure, and organic fertilizers like Potassium Sulfate or Calcium Phosphate (not oil derivatives such as ammonium nitrate) will help the soil. The most common potassium fertilizer out there now is KCl which is a chloride salt of potassium... if you imagine, pour table salt on your tongue and feel the burn... that's what's happening to your soil. A plant will naturally use what it can by its own means. By putting a highly water soluble chemical fertilizer on your soil, you are in effect disrupting that balance. A water soluble fertilizer isn't the best source because the plant will take this fertilizer in with the water and in some cases, cause toxic effects in the plant. Sure, the corn won't be as green if you use more natural fertilizer _ BUT IT WILL BE HEALTHIER, and the vitamin/mineral content will be better, and remember, it isn't always the yield that makes the money because if you spend $100 per acre to get that extra 50 bushels per acre, are you really making it big if the corn price is less than $2.00 per bushel? It is all about inputs vs. outputs because the more you input, the more you must get out. And if you can put less in and get less out, but still make the same amount of money, why would you do it any other way (other than to go to the local feedmill to brag about your yields) And one last thing, it is foolish to feed all your corn to beef animals rather than to allow those animals to be healthy and pasture them. It may take longer for the animal to reach slaughter weight, but the animals will be healthier and it will be cheaper to feed them. once again input vs. output... And the surprise of all, no one ever mentions dairy, but this is the once situation where feeding corn will make money because a pound of corn will yield more milk $ than just selling the corn itself. Sustainable agriculture and dairy work hand in hand and of course, rotation of crops does is a big key. Notice how one crop grows, and in the process leaves something behind that is beneficial for another crop... and the pest problem is gone... studies have shown that even a crop like oats before corn will help increase corn yields over corn on corn on corn year after year... and sticking a new crop in the mix every year or two will also reduce the need for fertilizers because corn sucks everything out of the soil, while small grains and alfalfas take less maintenance and are good for soil organisms. Sustainable agriculture doesn't necessarily mean no input, but it means smart stewardship. Taking care of the soil because that's all you have. If you abuse the soil, it will not produce. If you take care of the soil, the soil will produce just as much as it would otherwise. In one example for my dad who is a dairy farmer in Wisconsin (I'm at college) we had 200 bushel per acre corn one year (1994), and about average yields in the past decade or so compared with those who use all the modern means of farming and all we use is dairy manure, and a good solid crop rotation. (in case you didn't know, 200 bushel corn is an enviable position to be in no matter where in the US you grow corn, not just NW wisconsin where the weather doesn't favor anything more than 100 bushel per acre corn. check out this webpage for any ideas... http://www.midwesternbioag.com --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Hello again George Hello Keith I don't disagree as much as
[biofuel] Sustainable Agriculture ----- was: $7.5 Million Feedstock Subsidy for SSPC
The problem is that the bankers convince the farmers that they need the most modern equipment, and operating practices to compete, and any farmer who has debt will tell you that it is not fun... In my own experience, I can tell you that if a farmer wants to make money, he must not conform to what the bankers and universities tell him to do to make money, but see for himself what the animals and soil are telling him. A farmer who abuses his animals will not make any money that is obvious... but if a farmer feeds his animals high protein, high corn, low forage diets, in essence he's doing the right thing according to the university and banker to get the high yield in milk, or meat, but the animal isn't designed to eat that diet, it will get sick, and burnout so why isn't this considered abuse? Notice the dairy farms in California where they feed the hell out of the animals, give them all the modern drugs and hormone treatments, then wonder why they are culling out animals after only one year of milking, creating a huge shortage of youngstock (if the cows don't have calves, where do new cows come from?) It has been proven that a cow will give more milk with less inputs as it gets older and has more calves. But it is easier, with super large herds (and seems to be the general philosophy with large businesses) to just get what you can now and who cares if the animal's immune system goes to hell, and whether it has a heart and liver 4 times the size it should be? That's the problem with modern agriculture! Man wants it now... and will do anything to get it. To take care of your animals, and not listen when the banker/university study says you have to expand will be the best way to go because healthy animals will give you healthy milk/meat, and they will also reproduce healthily! More cows= more money, and if you can do this with less inputs, then you make money (but the key is that you have to resist the urge to borrow money and get in debt because once you're in debt, the tendency is to borrow more to get out of debt and you just get deeper. I ask you: Look for a farmer who is not in debt and tell me if he isn't making money (sure not millions, but he's making a living). JEFF --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Harmon I have always believed that studies show the politics of the payee. In my world anyways, small farmers are at a very large disadvange. Many years ago I was a dairy farmer. I started out with 20 cows. Went good for a few years, then had to buy 10 more cows, then 10 more and then 10 more. Finally said the hell with it when Reagon got to be president and sold them all. Your study was done by someone who was paid to do it. Small farmers are selling out by droves now. They simply can't do it with the prices and costs the way they are. All the studies in the world won't save all the guys in the High Plains Journal who are advertizing their farm sales. I have read them as well, I just know better from experience of living it. Regards George Harmon Seaver [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Seems like there was a post here just awhile back on a study done which showed big farms (and they weren't talking about organic) just weren't able to make it as well as smaller farms, and IIRC, it was around the 200 acre point where things started going down. So sell some land, buy some cows and pigs and chickens and diversify, get rid of the chemicals and giant (ultra-expensive) machinery. You'll make just as much money, live longer, and be happier. Don't sell the corn, feed it to the pigs, or make ethanol, or -- whatever. It's a ridiculous idea to farm corn when corn is the cheapest heating fuel on the market. Sorry, George, I just don't have much sympathy for the American farmer, for the most part. I think if we can get the gov't to stop all the crop subsidies and other forms of corporate welfare, the organic/chemical arguement would end pretty quickly. Farmers have been conned, swindled, bamboozled, by the banks, the chemical companies, ag agents, and ag schools (who all work for chemical companies essentially). Hey, I saw the same thing happening in the logging industry -- guys got conned into buying all that new fancy equipment then lost their shirt when NAFTA came along. The banker tried to talk me into it -- I didn't even ask for a loan, he approached me. I just kept logging with my old crawler, and when the crunch came I just sold it all and went back to school. I really like the way the Amish do it -- no debt. And they definitely do make money, pay cash for their farms. On Thu, Feb 28, 2002 at 04:50:56PM -0600, George Lola Wesel wrote: I would say that is a very fair question. If it was possible I would. I know several organic farmer and they don't laugh all the way to the bank. That is just an image they would like everybody to believe. In order
[biofuel] Re: Hey Motie, this what you wanted to do??
--- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], k5farms [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: BATTLE CREEK, Mich., Feb. 20 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ -- Triad Innovations (OTC Bulletin Board: TINN - news) announced that it has obtained financing to begin the construction phase of its Cryogen Centrifuge Process (CCP) for demonstration to the ethanol industry. I was thinking of something sort of along that line, if you consider NOT having to use all the heat to distill it. They are still moving a lot of heat into and out of the mixture. They are just doing it in the reverse of the traditional method. I wanted to use a vacuum to do it. I've been unable to find info on how much vacuum will be needed to vaporize Etahnol at 95F. I did manage a small experiment in the kitchen, that was succesful in attaining the goal I had set. The end result was the smoothest Blackberry Brandy I've ever experienced. The short explanation, is that it was a version of a Potstill, using ice on a closed lyne arm. I did have to raise the temp of the pot well above survivability range for Yeast. I intend to do some more lab work in this area when time and space constraints are overcome. Probably when the weather warms enough that I am not restricted to the house. It was -23F this morning. That's a bit too cool for working with liquids, and not cool enough to freeze the water for cryogenic distillation. As a teen, I did discover that beer left in a car overnight will freeze the water content, and a much enhanced alcohol content can be achieved. Drinkability was an opposing factor in that very unscientific study. LOL Motie Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Particulates
Maybe they haid is up they b**t. Craig kirk wrote: Maybe their glass is broken - Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, March 01, 2002 11:49 AM Subject: [biofuel] Particulates I was at a meeting last night where one delegate claimed that small particulates 2.5 m or smaller pass through glass. ie. If you live by a main road, closing your windows does not keep the stuff out of your house. I find that hard to believe. Any opinions? James Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
[biofuel] Re: Particulates
--- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I was at a meeting last night where one delegate claimed that small particulates 2.5 m or smaller pass through glass. ie. If you live by a main road, closing your windows does not keep the stuff out of your house. I find that hard to believe. Any opinions? James Opinions are like ..Everyone has one! And whoever made the statement was simply expressing his opinion, NOT facts. Many people do that when they don't have actual facts to support their argument, and are forced to 'invent' a few to help them along. 2.5 micron-sized particle will NOT go through glass. Many vacuum cleaner bags have a 2.5 micron filter in them to reduce dust recirculation in your house. Air will pass through, while dust particles will not! If the person mentioned above has 2.5 micron particles coming through his glass, maybe he should put a vacuum cleaner bag over it, to filter it finer? If he has that much airflow through his glass windows he has bigger problems than air quality. Just my opinion, Motie Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Particulates
In a message dated 03/01/2002 2:24:09 PM Pacific Standard Time, [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I was at a meeting last night where one delegate claimed that small particulates 2.5 m or smaller pass through glass. ie. If you live by a main road, closing your windows does not keep the stuff out of your house. I find that hard to believe. Any opinions? Are you talking about 2.5 micons? If you are they do not pass through solid glass. Richard McPherson [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Particulates
I think that small particles 2.5 metres would pass through glass at quite low velocity, depending on the size of the window frame. 2.5 micron particles would pass through glass as well, but only if accelerated to speeds not likely to occur in most terrestrial neighbourhoods. just joking. The point has been made - it is the idea that closing one's windows will not prevent entry of fine and ultrafine particulates that is important and which we can assume was the point the speaker was trying to make, not that they will pass through the glass. If present in the outside air, the particles will be in the house, via HVAC systems, cracks around doors and windows...and they'll be generated from sources inside the house as well. It's, pardon the pun, nothing to sneeze at, with indoor air quality estimated to be : 2-5 times, and occasionally more than 100 times, higher than outdoor levels. according to EPA's indoor air quality site. http://www.epa.gov/iaq/ Edward Beggs www.biofuels.ca From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Reply-To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Date: Fri, 01 Mar 2002 19:07:15 -0500 (EST) To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Subject: Re: [biofuel] Particulates In a message dated 03/01/2002 2:24:09 PM Pacific Standard Time, [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes: I was at a meeting last night where one delegate claimed that small particulates 2.5 m or smaller pass through glass. ie. If you live by a main road, closing your windows does not keep the stuff out of your house. I find that hard to believe. Any opinions? Are you talking about 2.5 micons? If you are they do not pass through solid glass. Richard McPherson [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Particulates
maybe they are firing the particulates at the glass with a cannon. Steve Spence Subscribe to the Renewable Energy Newsletter: http://www.webconx.com/subscribe.htm Renewable Energy Pages - http://www.webconx.dns2go.com/ Human powered devices, equipment, and transport - http://24.190.106.81:8383/2000/humanpower.htm [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Original Message - From: kirk [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, March 01, 2002 1:59 PM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Particulates Maybe their glass is broken - Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, March 01, 2002 11:49 AM Subject: [biofuel] Particulates I was at a meeting last night where one delegate claimed that small particulates 2.5 m or smaller pass through glass. ie. If you live by a main road, closing your windows does not keep the stuff out of your house. I find that hard to believe. Any opinions? James Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves
Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to the Yahoo! Terms of Service. [Non-text portions of this message have been removed] Message: 14 Date: Tue, 26 Feb 2002 23:18:09 -0500 From: Appal Energy [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Coppice Willow Hardwoods Part Dieu was Re: Re: Cornburning Stoves Hardwood Energy Values - Part Dieu http://www.esf.edu/willow/news2/n2why.htm Species DensityHeat Value lb/cu. ft. lb/cordBTU/lb Million BTUs/ton Million BTUs/cord Willow 23.7 3,034 8,400 16.8 25.2 Sugar39.15,005 8,400 16.8 42.0 Maple Red 34.34,390 8,400 16.8 36.9 Maple American 39.15,005 8,600 17.2 43.0 Beach Eastern 25.9 3,315 8,80017.2 29.2 Cottonwood Red Oak 39.85,094 9,360 18.6 47.6 * all values are based on oven dry weight One Full Cord = 128 cubic feet Willow Yields 5-8 tons / acre, non-irrigated Coal yields 20,974,000 BTUs / short ton One acre = 208.71' x 208.71' Using the same conversion rate for willow as exists for coal, 10,452 Btu's / KwH, one mean acre of willow yields 10,447 KwH's. One acre, 209' x 209', is sufficient to supply ~1.19 homes consuming 1Kw each hour for an entire year. Todd Swearingen - Original Message - From: Harmon Seaver To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Monday, February 25, 2002 10:01 AM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Re: Cornburning Stoves snip http://www.cornburner.com/BM620-9.html Some of the cost figures here are not very accurate, or at least not accurate for all areas. Most charts give $150 @ full cord of wood (which is correct hereabouts anyway) not $115. And I've seen $1.73 @ bushel for corn, not sure about the others. I am not going to argue that point. Because you are right depending on where you live. As far as the corn, though, what is nice about that particular stove is that you can burn moldy or junk corn. You can also use other grains that are grown, so if corn is high in price, just go and buy the cheapest grain at the time you need to buy the grain to heat your house. Just a little more insight. :-) Jeremy Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] $7.5 Million Feedstock Subsidy for SSPC
you and me both. Steve Spence Subscribe to the Renewable Energy Newsletter: http://www.webconx.com/subscribe.htm Renewable Energy Pages - http://www.webconx.dns2go.com/ Human powered devices, equipment, and transport - http://24.190.106.81:8383/2000/humanpower.htm [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Original Message - From: Greg and April [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2002 9:36 PM Subject: Re: [biofuel] $7.5 Million Feedstock Subsidy for SSPC - Original Message - From: steve spence Sent: Wednesday, February 27, 2002 19:15 Subject: Re: [biofuel] $7.5 Million Feedstock Subsidy for SSPC I have nothing against gm crops, per se, based on my limited knowledge. What irks me is when the inventors of such crops go after innocent farmers, when the gm stuff starts cross breading in the wild. I have to admit, this is were I have a problem with granting pantents for plants / crops. A bee does his job, and a farmer next door winds up in court for not paying a company for the pantented crops he grows. Greg H. Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- FREE COLLEGE MONEY CLICK HERE to search 600,000 scholarships! http://us.click.yahoo.com/iZp8OC/4m7CAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
Re: [biofuel] Particulates
Maybe they on drugs. Craig steve spence wrote: maybe they are firing the particulates at the glass with a cannon. Steve Spence Subscribe to the Renewable Energy Newsletter: http://www.webconx.com/subscribe.htm Renewable Energy Pages - http://www.webconx.dns2go.com/ Human powered devices, equipment, and transport - http://24.190.106.81:8383/2000/humanpower.htm [EMAIL PROTECTED] - Original Message - From: kirk [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, March 01, 2002 1:59 PM Subject: Re: [biofuel] Particulates Maybe their glass is broken - Original Message - From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@yahoogroups.com Sent: Friday, March 01, 2002 11:49 AM Subject: [biofuel] Particulates I was at a meeting last night where one delegate claimed that small particulates 2.5 m or smaller pass through glass. ie. If you live by a main road, closing your windows does not keep the stuff out of your house. I find that hard to believe. Any opinions? James Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/ Yahoo! Groups Sponsor -~-- Buy Stock for $4. No Minimums. FREE Money 2002. http://us.click.yahoo.com/BgmYkB/VovDAA/ySSFAA/FGYolB/TM -~- Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Please do NOT send unsubscribe messages to the list address. To unsubscribe, send an email to: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Your use of Yahoo! Groups is subject to http://docs.yahoo.com/info/terms/
