Re: [Biofuel] Fwd: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil
Hi , Keith Thank you bringing here the very important report Residual biomass = Food+Fiber+Feed+Fertilizer+Fuel Brazilian sugarcane distillery is also exploring very well the use of a byproduct effluent of ethanol fermentation as an organic additive to soils. This is also an example of the innovations very well to support residue removal , integrated very well with the feed , not yet for fiber, where as the solid residues India are used for paper production.More recycling of the solid residues incorporated with the effluent in Brazilian sugar cane field is more sustainable compared to India, where 10 times more chemical fertilizers , and also very significant amount of the toxic chemicals , well promoted by the very big blue companies, are used and thus less sustainable, thus raw very less green technology.The inoculated microbes as bio fertilizer also the other approach well applied in Brazil, thus making very sucess for the sustainable Brazilian biofuel project. Thus , the natural farming is no more out dated , yet the best way .This method need more recycle of solid residues for the soil , thus the system can be more productive and also more sustainable.Thus the recycle can be more easy as fertilizer rather than the fuel production . sd Pannir, Brasil 2007/4/25, Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED]: From: ARS News Service [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil Date: Wed, 25 Apr 2007 08:01:25 -0400 STORY LEAD: In Producing Ethanol, Some Cornstalks Should be Left in the Field ___ ARS News Service Agricultural Research Service, USDA Don Comis, (301) 504-1625, [EMAIL PROTECTED] April 25, 2007 --View this report online, plus photos and related stories, at www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr ___ If conservation of soil organic matter is taken into account, the United States at best has to cut in half the amount of cornstalks that can be harvested to produce ethanol, according to an Agricultural Research Service (ARS) study. Jane Johnson, a soil scientist with the ARS North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory in Morris, Minn., found that twice as many cornstalks have to be left in the field to maintain soil organic matter levels, compared to the amount of stalks needed only to prevent erosion. This doesn't mean harvesting cornstalks for cellulosic ethanol isn't feasible--just that when you add soil organic matter concerns to erosion concerns, it slashes the amount of cornstalks available for conversion to ethanol. For example, 213-bushel-per-acre corn yields leave farmers an average four tons per acre of cornstalks after harvest. Farmers could then harvest about two tons of cornstalks per acre for conversion to ethanol--but only from land with low erosion risks, using little or no tillage. If the same farmers rotate with soybeans as recommended, they can only remove half again as much biomass for ethanol production, or just one ton per acre, to compensate for the lower biomass left by soybeans. Johnson's estimates are part of the Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP), formally created in 2006, although she and a core group of colleagues have worked on these measurements for several years prior. REAP was formed to ensure that cellulosic ethanol programs will be sustainable. Most participants work with corn, but others work on switchgrass for cellulosic ethanol. When cellulosic ethanol is made from corn, it uses cornstalks as well as grain. There are nine ARS locations participating in REAP in eight states, from Alabama to Indiana to Oregon. The new program also aims to compare the economic value of biomass for bioenergy versus its value for storing soil carbon. REAP will provide guidelines on harvesting biomass to corn farmers, land managers, the biomass industry and action agencies. Johnson also explored the use of a byproduct of ethanol fermentation as an organic additive to soils. This is an example of the innovations needed to support residue removal. ARS is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's chief in-house scientific research agency. ___ This is one of the news reports that ARS Information distributes to subscribers on weekdays. Send feedback and questions to the ARS News Service at [EMAIL PROTECTED] * You are subscribed to ARS News as [EMAIL PROTECTED] * To change the address, please notify the ARS News Service at [EMAIL PROTECTED] * To unsubscribe, send a blank email to [EMAIL PROTECTED] * Other ARS news products are available by e-mail. For details about them or to subscribe, please contact the ARS News Service or visit http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/lists.htm. __ ARS News Service, Information Staff, Agricultural Research Service 5601 Sunnyside Ave., Room 1-2251, Beltsville MD 20705-5128 [EMAIL PROTECTED] | www.ars.usda.gov/news Phone (301) 504-1638 | fax (301) 504-1486
Re: [Biofuel] Jeep diesels
Air leaks occur regardless of the fuel. However, a higher viscosity fuel may aggravate a leak already present. Air leaks are a common problem in diesel fuel systems, which are often designed to suck rather than push fuel from the tank to the engine (because the lower volatility of diesel fuel allows it). Since the fuel line between the tank and lift pump is under vacuum rather than positive pressure, the entire section must be air-tight under that vacuum rather than merely fuel-tight.” This means that slight imperfections in parts or connections that would be of no consequence in gasoline or other pressurized systems can result in leaks in diesel systems. Air leaks are also notoriously difficult to troubleshoot. This is because a leak can occur anywhere between the tank and pump, even in multiple locations with cumulative effect, and can cause a great range of symptoms, from hard starting to rough operation to intermittent and specific operational problems like mine. And, unlike pressurized systems, there is often no visual evidence of the defect itself because air is leaking in through minor imperfections rather than visible fuel leaking out. The lift pump of the 2.8L jeep liberty is incorporated into the design of the injection pump at the top, front of the engine. Fuel is sucked up from the tank behind the rear axle, through the 3-micron filter at the top of the firewall, to the injection pump. This includes something like 10 feet of line, six connections, and the filter assembly. It wouldn't take much to cause a problem. At least two owners on lostkjs.com have reported air leak problems caused by faulty fuel filter assemblies that resulted in hard start symptoms. A couple owners reported what at least seemed to be air leaks that caused rough operation symptoms, but I think only one of these had been verified and fixed. Some have wondered whether a seemingly common transmission bucking problem is really just an air leak problem. This is as of January (last I checked in). What you describe as the engine had no power and would not accelerate past 45mph Upon restart, she had no problem is exactly what happens when the computer goes into so-called limp mode. It dramatically lowers power to the point that top speed is 40-45 mph and the tranny is limited to the first two gears (and all turbo whine disappears as a byproduct). A number of sensed conditions can trigger limp mode and its purpose is to protect the engine drive train while allowing the driver to pull over or whatever. Many folks really don't like it. It can be a bit scary because so much power is lost so suddenly. It can also mask the real symptoms that you might otherwise detect. Some have complained to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration in the hopes that chrysler is pressured to change the way the system functions. When my problem triggers limp mode, I can usually restart immediately and find that everything has returned to normal. There have been a small number of instances in which the vehicle has remained in limp mode following restart. Shutting down again, waiting a minute or so, and then restarting has always brought things back to normal in these cases. I don’t know exactly what is going on here, but I do know that how the computer responds to sensed conditions can vary. For example, some abnormalities set hard codes immediately while others only trigger response while the particular condition is present (often until other parameters are met). My problem has set a diagnostic code twice. It seems that those instances in which normal operation didn’t immediately return happened while this code remained set, but I’m not certain this included every case. Maybe the condition initially sensed by the computer simply remained. Anyway, what you describe could very well be an air leak. My problem results in exactly what you describe. It simply triggers limp mode without any other symptom or lasting effect except that the engine sometimes dies, which happens in approximately 25% of the occurrences. As I said, it usually runs normally following restart and a code has only been triggered twice out of many occurrences. And, although it obviously correlates with high throttle use in my case, it has always behaved very intermittently. There have been times when I couldn't make it happen for several weeks on end and other times in which it would happen with anything more than moderate acceleration. I would first check for the presence of air in the fuel system by bleeding it. The bleed screw is on the top of the fuel filter mount. I happen to know that the torque spec is 96 in/lbs... In case a reader doesn’t know, take a length of 1/4 clear tubing, slip one end over the bleed screw and put the other end into some sort of container. Pump the primer button until it firms up completely. It’ll take up to a dozen or so
Re: [Biofuel] Patented GMO jatropha
Keith, I'm doing a Jatropha cultivation experiment in AZ. It survived the 115F. But the 24F killed a 1/3 of my test planting. It is very sensitive to a hard freeze. And according to what I've read, standard breeds will produce 300 gal/ acre 600 gal/acre if it blooms twice. Jatropha originally from Central America. I'd be very interested to see what the GMO stuff does especially in cold climes. I'm having a heckuva time sprouting seedlings. The current batch of seeds I have is from Suriname. We will be doing an acre test planting on a farm with saline wells. Jatropha can allegedly handle salt pretty well. Here's what the Germans are doing with it: http://www.d1plc.com Regards, JQ Keith Addison wrote: http://www.orlandosentinel.com/orl-biodiesel1707apr17,0,4223949.story? track=mostemailedlink 'Farming our fuel' Officials from a local company will tout the jatropha plant today in Tallahassee. We're doing things right here in Orlando that are going to change America. Rich Mckay | Sentinel Staff Writer Posted April 17, 2007 ABOUT BIODIESEL What is it? Biodiesel is a fuel made from rendered vegetable oils or animal fats refined through a chemical reaction with an alcohol. What can be used to make it? Soybean oil is used to make most of the biodiesel in the U.S. Restaurant grease or any vegetable oil such as corn, canola, cottonseed, mustard oil also can be used. Jatropha oil is widely used in India and Asia. Other companies are developing ways to make biodiesel out of algae, restaurant scraps and even animal carcasses. Why bother? Biodiesel is considered an alternative to petroleum diesel because it can be grown, rather than pumped from a well. It is also considered a neutral gas. It doesn't put back into the atmosphere anything it didn't absorb when it was part of the environment. Is it as powerful as diesel? It is considered to have the same power as petroleum diesel. What engines can use it? It can be mixed with petroleum diesel and used in unmodified diesel engines. Engines can be modified to run 100 percent on biodiesel. What does biodiesel smell like? That depends its source. Some say it smells like french fries. Biodiesel made from jatropha doesn't have a strong odor. SOURCE: Sentinel research America, meet your next tank of gas -- made from superpowered seeds. A couple of Orlando entrepreneurs say that a Malaysian variety newly approved for U.S. import could help solve America's energy woes and boost Central Florida's economy with a new cash crop. State Agriculture Commissioner Charles Bronson, along with executives from the Orlando-based Xenerga Inc., are scheduled to introduce a patented version of the jatropha plant today in Tallahassee. We're doing things right here in Orlando that are going to change America, said Dave Jarrett, a company spokesman. Just wait and see. The oil pressed from the jatropha nut can be used to make biodiesel, producing six to eight times the amount of energy extracted from soybeans -- the most common crop used for biodiesel in the U.S. Xenerga president Jason Sayers and his business partner Victor Clewes have the exclusive patent on the high-octane version of the plant with seeds that grow inside bunches of fat green pods the size of peach pits. It can produce 1,600 gallons of biodiesel per acre, compared with soy's 200 gallons, Sayers said. A Lake Wales farmer is ready to grow 5,000 acres of the genetically enhanced jatropha, Jarrett said. And unlike soy, which takes lots of tending, fertilizer and water, the jatropha plant can grow happily in arid soil, with little water and almost no tending. Think of it as farming our fuel, Sayers said. President Bush mandated that refineries should have renewable fuels blended into 7.5 billion gallons of the nation's fuel supply by 2012. Only about 75 million gallons of biodiesel were sold in the U.S. last year, compared with about 6 billion gallons of petroleum diesel, according to the National Biodiesel Board, a trade organization. Biodiesel is huge in Europe and Asia, Sayers said. America is just now catching up. So Sayers and his associates are also launching a venture with Xenerga that will sell prefabricated mom-and-pop biodiesel refineries for about $2 million. Their plan is to sell turnkey operations, manufactured in Germany and shipped here, and promise a steady supply of raw materials and customers. They have contracts to build about 16 of the refineries. Each refinery, if running at capacity, can produce 5 million gallons of biodiesel a year. Jarrett said they already have a slew of inquiries and expect to have 100 refineries throughout the country up and running in 18 months. Besides the jatropha nut, his other sources will include a plentiful supply of restaurant grease. Through Sayers' other business, FiltaFry, which cleans restaurant fryers, he spotted a potential energy source in leftover grease. The National Biodiesel
Re: [Biofuel] Patented GMO jatropha
You should plant only heirloom varieties of ANY plant. BTW seeds should sprout easily given the right conditions otherwise nature would not have produced them or rather they would not have survived over time. This difficulty should be warning you of something. Joe James Quaid wrote: Keith, I'm doing a Jatropha cultivation experiment in AZ. It survived the 115F. But the 24F killed a 1/3 of my test planting. It is very sensitive to a hard freeze. And according to what I've read, standard breeds will produce 300 gal/ acre 600 gal/acre if it blooms twice. Jatropha originally from Central America. I'd be very interested to see what the GMO stuff does especially in cold climes. I'm having a heckuva time sprouting seedlings. The current batch of seeds I have is from Suriname. We will be doing an acre test planting on a farm with saline wells. Jatropha can allegedly handle salt pretty well. Here's what the Germans are doing with it: http://www.d1plc.com Regards, JQ Keith Addison wrote: http://www.orlandosentinel.com/orl-biodiesel1707apr17,0,4223949.story? track=mostemailedlink 'Farming our fuel' Officials from a local company will tout the jatropha plant today in Tallahassee. We're doing things right here in Orlando that are going to change America. Rich Mckay | Sentinel Staff Writer Posted April 17, 2007 ABOUT BIODIESEL What is it? Biodiesel is a fuel made from rendered vegetable oils or animal fats refined through a chemical reaction with an alcohol. What can be used to make it? Soybean oil is used to make most of the biodiesel in the U.S. Restaurant grease or any vegetable oil such as corn, canola, cottonseed, mustard oil also can be used. Jatropha oil is widely used in India and Asia. Other companies are developing ways to make biodiesel out of algae, restaurant scraps and even animal carcasses. Why bother? Biodiesel is considered an alternative to petroleum diesel because it can be grown, rather than pumped from a well. It is also considered a neutral gas. It doesn't put back into the atmosphere anything it didn't absorb when it was part of the environment. Is it as powerful as diesel? It is considered to have the same power as petroleum diesel. What engines can use it? It can be mixed with petroleum diesel and used in unmodified diesel engines. Engines can be modified to run 100 percent on biodiesel. What does biodiesel smell like? That depends its source. Some say it smells like french fries. Biodiesel made from jatropha doesn't have a strong odor. SOURCE: Sentinel research America, meet your next tank of gas -- made from superpowered seeds. A couple of Orlando entrepreneurs say that a Malaysian variety newly approved for U.S. import could help solve America's energy woes and boost Central Florida's economy with a new cash crop. State Agriculture Commissioner Charles Bronson, along with executives from the Orlando-based Xenerga Inc., are scheduled to introduce a patented version of the jatropha plant today in Tallahassee. We're doing things right here in Orlando that are going to change America, said Dave Jarrett, a company spokesman. Just wait and see. The oil pressed from the jatropha nut can be used to make biodiesel, producing six to eight times the amount of energy extracted from soybeans -- the most common crop used for biodiesel in the U.S. Xenerga president Jason Sayers and his business partner Victor Clewes have the exclusive patent on the high-octane version of the plant with seeds that grow inside bunches of fat green pods the size of peach pits. It can produce 1,600 gallons of biodiesel per acre, compared with soy's 200 gallons, Sayers said. A Lake Wales farmer is ready to grow 5,000 acres of the genetically enhanced jatropha, Jarrett said. And unlike soy, which takes lots of tending, fertilizer and water, the jatropha plant can grow happily in arid soil, with little water and almost no tending. Think of it as farming our fuel, Sayers said. President Bush mandated that refineries should have renewable fuels blended into 7.5 billion gallons of the nation's fuel supply by 2012. Only about 75 million gallons of biodiesel were sold in the U.S. last year, compared with about 6 billion gallons of petroleum diesel, according to the National Biodiesel Board, a trade organization. Biodiesel is huge in Europe and Asia, Sayers said. America is just now catching up. So Sayers and his associates are also launching a venture with Xenerga that will sell prefabricated mom-and-pop biodiesel refineries for about $2 million. Their plan is to sell turnkey operations, manufactured in Germany and shipped here, and promise a steady supply of raw materials and customers. They have contracts to build about 16 of the refineries. Each refinery, if running at capacity, can produce 5 million gallons of biodiesel a year. Jarrett said they already have a slew of inquiries and expect to have 100 refineries throughout
Re: [Biofuel] Fwd: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil
Hi Pannir Hi , Keith Thank you bringing here the very important report Residual biomass = Food+Fiber+Feed+Fertilizer+Fuel Brazilian sugarcane distillery is also exploring very well the use of a byproduct effluent of ethanol fermentation as an organic additive to soils. This is also an example of the innovations very well to support residue removal , integrated very well with the feed , not yet for fiber, where as the solid residues India are used for paper production.More recycling of the solid residues incorporated with the effluent in Brazilian sugar cane field is more sustainable compared to India, where 10 times more chemical fertilizers , and also very significant amount of the toxic chemicals , well promoted by the very big blue companies, are used and thus less sustainable, thus raw very less green technology.The inoculated microbes as bio fertilizer also the other approach well applied in Brazil, thus making very sucess for the sustainable Brazilian biofuel project. Thus , the natural farming is no more out dated , yet the best way .This method need more recycle of solid residues for the soil , thus the system can be more productive and also more sustainable.Thus the recycle can be more easy as fertilizer rather than the fuel production . Quite so. Interesting that J.I. Rodale wrote about essentially the same problem in 1946: http://journeytoforever.org/farm_library/paydirt/paydirt_3b.html Pay Dirt - Part 3b Scroll down to Chemurgy. Also, applying Albert Howard's work in the 1920s with the development in India of the Indore composting system (the foundation stone of organic farming), corn farmers could maintain soil fertility, and in fact improve it, if they composted only a quarter as much of the residue ARS says should be left, and took the rest away for ethanol production. Once, that is, ethanol from cellulose becomes a reality instead of just a dream. To make it truly sustainable though the missing livestock have to be returned to the picture rather than the entirely dumb and destructive current system of pumping up the corn with chemicals while massive manure lagoons fester on the other side of the state. It must be integrated. I completely agree with you, true natural farming will never be outdated. All best Keith sd Pannir, Brasil 2007/4/25, Keith Addison mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED]: From: ARS News Service mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil Date: Wed, 25 Apr 2007 08:01:25 -0400 STORY LEAD: In Producing Ethanol, Some Cornstalks Should be Left in the Field ___ ARS News Service Agricultural Research Service, USDA Don Comis, (301) 504-1625, mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED][EMAIL PROTECTED] April 25, 2007 --View this report online, plus photos and related stories, at http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/prwww.ars.usda.gov/is/pr ___ If conservation of soil organic matter is taken into account, the United States at best has to cut in half the amount of cornstalks that can be harvested to produce ethanol, according to an Agricultural Research Service (ARS) study. Jane Johnson, a soil scientist with the ARS North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory in Morris, Minn., found that twice as many cornstalks have to be left in the field to maintain soil organic matter levels, compared to the amount of stalks needed only to prevent erosion. This doesn#39;t mean harvesting cornstalks for cellulosic ethanol isn#39;t feasible--just that when you add soil organic matter concerns to erosion concerns, it slashes the amount of cornstalks available for conversion to ethanol. For example, 213-bushel-per-acre corn yields leave farmers an average four tons per acre of cornstalks after harvest. Farmers could then harvest about two tons of cornstalks per acre for conversion to ethanol--but only from land with low erosion risks, using little or no tillage. If the same farmers rotate with soybeans as recommended, they can only remove half again as much biomass for ethanol production, or just one ton per acre, to compensate for the lower biomass left by soybeans. Johnson#39;s estimates are part of the Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP), formally created in 2006, although she and a core group of colleagues have worked on these measurements for several years prior. REAP was formed to ensure that cellulosic ethanol programs will be sustainable. Most participants work with corn, but others work on switchgrass for cellulosic ethanol. When cellulosic ethanol is made from corn, it uses cornstalks as well as grain. There are nine ARS locations participating in REAP in eight states, from Alabama to Indiana to Oregon. The new program also aims to compare the economic value of biomass for bioenergy versus its value for storing soil carbon. REAP will
Re: [Biofuel] Fwd: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil
Hey Pagandai; Do you know about the International Permaculture Conference (IPC8) which is happening in Sao Paulo on May 4th? Bill Mollison the inventer of permaculture will give a course on design and many other leading speakers of the world will present. I wish I could attend. http://www.ipc8.org/index.php?option=com_frontpageItemid=1 Cheers Joe Pagandai Pannirselvam wrote: Hi , Keith Thank you bringing here the very important report Residual biomass = Food+Fiber+Feed+Fertilizer+Fuel Brazilian sugarcane distillery is also exploring very well the use of a byproduct effluent of ethanol fermentation as an organic additive to soils. This is also an example of the innovations very well to support residue removal , integrated very well with the feed , not yet for fiber, where as the solid residues India are used for paper production.More recycling of the solid residues incorporated with the effluent in Brazilian sugar cane field is more sustainable compared to India, where 10 times more chemical fertilizers , and also very significant amount of the toxic chemicals , well promoted by the very big blue companies, are used and thus less sustainable, thus raw very less green technology.The inoculated microbes as bio fertilizer also the other approach well applied in Brazil, thus making very sucess for the sustainable Brazilian biofuel project. Thus , the natural farming is no more out dated , yet the best way .This method need more recycle of solid residues for the soil , thus the system can be more productive and also more sustainable.Thus the recycle can be more easy as fertilizer rather than the fuel production . sd Pannir, Brasil 2007/4/25, Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]: From: ARS News Service [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil Date: Wed, 25 Apr 2007 08:01:25 -0400 STORY LEAD: In Producing Ethanol, Some Cornstalks Should be Left in the Field ___ ARS News Service Agricultural Research Service, USDA Don Comis, (301) 504-1625, [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] April 25, 2007 --View this report online, plus photos and related stories, at www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr ___ If conservation of soil organic matter is taken into account, the United States at best has to cut in half the amount of cornstalks that can be harvested to produce ethanol, according to an Agricultural Research Service (ARS) study. Jane Johnson, a soil scientist with the ARS North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory in Morris, Minn., found that twice as many cornstalks have to be left in the field to maintain soil organic matter levels, compared to the amount of stalks needed only to prevent erosion. This doesn't mean harvesting cornstalks for cellulosic ethanol isn't feasible--just that when you add soil organic matter concerns to erosion concerns, it slashes the amount of cornstalks available for conversion to ethanol. For example, 213-bushel-per-acre corn yields leave farmers an average four tons per acre of cornstalks after harvest. Farmers could then harvest about two tons of cornstalks per acre for conversion to ethanol--but only from land with low erosion risks, using little or no tillage. If the same farmers rotate with soybeans as recommended, they can only remove half again as much biomass for ethanol production, or just one ton per acre, to compensate for the lower biomass left by soybeans. Johnson's estimates are part of the Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP), formally created in 2006, although she and a core group of colleagues have worked on these measurements for several years prior. REAP was formed to ensure that cellulosic ethanol programs will be sustainable. Most participants work with corn, but others work on switchgrass for cellulosic ethanol. When cellulosic ethanol is made from corn, it uses cornstalks as well as grain. There are nine ARS locations participating in REAP in eight states, from Alabama to Indiana to Oregon. The new program also aims to compare the economic value of biomass for bioenergy versus its value for storing soil carbon. REAP will provide guidelines on harvesting biomass to corn farmers, land managers, the biomass industry and action agencies. Johnson also explored the use of a byproduct of ethanol fermentation as an organic additive to soils. This is an example of the innovations needed to support residue removal. ARS is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's chief in-house scientific research agency. ___
Re: [Biofuel] Fwd: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil
Hi, FYI, Pongamia seed residue after oil extraction is also used as manure in India. I find usage of the same in home garden also quite effective. Best regards, Am. Sivaramakrishnan - Original Message From: Pagandai Pannirselvam [EMAIL PROTECTED] To: biofuel@sustainablelists.org Sent: Thursday, April 26, 2007 4:24:06 PM Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Fwd: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil Hi , Keith Thank you bringing here the very important report Residual biomass = Food+Fiber+Feed+Fertilizer+Fuel Brazilian sugarcane distillery is also exploring very well the use of a byproduct effluent of ethanol fermentation as an organic additive to soils. This is also an example of the innovations very well to support residue removal , integrated very well with the feed , not yet for fiber, where as the solid residues India are used for paper production.More recycling of the solid residues incorporated with the effluent in Brazilian sugar cane field is more sustainable compared to India, where 10 times more chemical fertilizers , and also very significant amount of the toxic chemicals , well promoted by the very big blue companies, are used and thus less sustainable, thus raw very less green technology.The inoculated microbes as bio fertilizer also the other approach well applied in Brazil, thus making very sucess for the sustainable Brazilian biofuel project. Thus , the natural farming is no more out dated , yet the best way .This method need more recycle of solid residues for the soil , thus the system can be more productive and also more sustainable.Thus the recycle can be more easy as fertilizer rather than the fuel production . sd Pannir, Brasil 2007/4/25, Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED]: From: ARS News Service [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil Date: Wed, 25 Apr 2007 08:01:25 -0400 STORY LEAD: In Producing Ethanol, Some Cornstalks Should be Left in the Field ___ ARS News Service Agricultural Research Service, USDA Don Comis, (301) 504-1625, [EMAIL PROTECTED] April 25, 2007 --View this report online, plus photos and related stories, at www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr ___ If conservation of soil organic matter is taken into account, the United States at best has to cut in half the amount of cornstalks that can be harvested to produce ethanol, according to an Agricultural Research Service (ARS) study. Jane Johnson, a soil scientist with the ARS North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory in Morris, Minn., found that twice as many cornstalks have to be left in the field to maintain soil organic matter levels, compared to the amount of stalks needed only to prevent erosion. This doesn't mean harvesting cornstalks for cellulosic ethanol isn't feasible--just that when you add soil organic matter concerns to erosion concerns, it slashes the amount of cornstalks available for conversion to ethanol. For example, 213-bushel-per-acre corn yields leave farmers an average four tons per acre of cornstalks after harvest. Farmers could then harvest about two tons of cornstalks per acre for conversion to ethanol--but only from land with low erosion risks, using little or no tillage. If the same farmers rotate with soybeans as recommended, they can only remove half again as much biomass for ethanol production, or just one ton per acre, to compensate for the lower biomass left by soybeans. Johnson's estimates are part of the Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP), formally created in 2006, although she and a core group of colleagues have worked on these measurements for several years prior. REAP was formed to ensure that cellulosic ethanol programs will be sustainable. Most participants work with corn, but others work on switchgrass for cellulosic ethanol. When cellulosic ethanol is made from corn, it uses cornstalks as well as grain. There are nine ARS locations participating in REAP in eight states, from Alabama to Indiana to Oregon. The new program also aims to compare the economic value of biomass for bioenergy versus its value for storing soil carbon. REAP will provide guidelines on harvesting biomass to corn farmers, land managers, the biomass industry and action agencies. Johnson also explored the use of a byproduct of ethanol fermentation as an organic additive to soils. This is an example of the innovations needed to support residue removal. ARS is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's chief in-house scientific research agency. ___ This is one of the news reports that ARS Information distributes to subscribers on weekdays. Send feedback and questions to the ARS News Service at [EMAIL PROTECTED] * You are subscribed to ARS News as [EMAIL PROTECTED] * To change the address, please notify the ARS News Service at [EMAIL PROTECTED] . * To unsubscribe, send a blank email to
Re: [Biofuel] bee followup
Mike Weaver wrote: In the US, all Organic means, thanks to congress, is that the labell says Organic. It has no real value. It's to make you feel better. SNIP That's not completely true Mike. Have a friend who certifies organic farms, and tracks organic certification compliance for a living. It is a far less than trivial task. Now, as to the label 'Organic' you may be correct, as I don't know what that label means. But a usda certified organic farm did a lot more than file some paperwork. They worked for it. You can learn more here; http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop/indexNet.htm ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] bee followup
Well, since the true meaning of the basic work organic is anything animal or vegetable, almost any food stuff can be labelled organic. Does the lable say Certified Organic John Quoting Chip Mefford [EMAIL PROTECTED]: Mike Weaver wrote: In the US, all Organic means, thanks to congress, is that the labell says Organic. It has no real value. It's to make you feel better. SNIP That's not completely true Mike. Have a friend who certifies organic farms, and tracks organic certification compliance for a living. It is a far less than trivial task. Now, as to the label 'Organic' you may be correct, as I don't know what that label means. But a usda certified organic farm did a lot more than file some paperwork. They worked for it. You can learn more here; http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop/indexNet.htm ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] bee followup
I'm sure the truth is somewhere in between - I think I'm leery of USDA-approved because of all the loopholes - for instance your cattle must be feed natural non-GMO, non-chemically-laded feed, unless of course you think that's too expensive, then you can feed cattle toxic sludge pellets and still market the meat as organic. Also, the SCC read in even organic milk is often quite high. I don't want to drink baked pus, which can be 10% of the volume of milk. Yechh. Chip Mefford wrote: Mike Weaver wrote: In the US, all Organic means, thanks to congress, is that the labell says Organic. It has no real value. It's to make you feel better. SNIP That's not completely true Mike. Have a friend who certifies organic farms, and tracks organic certification compliance for a living. It is a far less than trivial task. Now, as to the label 'Organic' you may be correct, as I don't know what that label means. But a usda certified organic farm did a lot more than file some paperwork. They worked for it. You can learn more here; http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop/indexNet.htm ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] Fireball fusion reactor..what ever happened to
Fireball fusion reactor..what ever happened to http://www.alternate-energy.net/lab_fireball07.swf Get your daily alternative energy news Alternate Energy Resource Network 1000+ news sources-resources updated daily http://www.alternate-energy.net Next_Generation_Grid http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/next_generation_grid Alternative_Energy_Politics http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/Alternative_Energy_Politics Tomorrow-energy http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/tomorrow-energy Earth_Rescue_International http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Earth_Rescue_International ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] bee followup
Gotta raise your own. I know I know - cant leave syphilization and move to the country. Or can you? Kirk Mike Weaver [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: I'm sure the truth is somewhere in between - I think I'm leery of USDA-approved because of all the loopholes - for instance your cattle must be feed natural non-GMO, non-chemically-laded feed, unless of course you think that's too expensive, then you can feed cattle toxic sludge pellets and still market the meat as organic. Also, the SCC read in even organic milk is often quite high. I don't want to drink baked pus, which can be 10% of the volume of milk. Yechh. Chip Mefford wrote: Mike Weaver wrote: In the US, all Organic means, thanks to congress, is that the labell says Organic. It has no real value. It's to make you feel better. SNIP That's not completely true Mike. Have a friend who certifies organic farms, and tracks organic certification compliance for a living. It is a far less than trivial task. Now, as to the label 'Organic' you may be correct, as I don't know what that label means. But a usda certified organic farm did a lot more than file some paperwork. They worked for it. You can learn more here; http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop/indexNet.htm ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ - Ahhh...imagining that irresistible new car smell? Check outnew cars at Yahoo! Autos.___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Fwd: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil
Hi, Bill Mollison would not rate himself as the 'inventor' of permaculture. He has merely made us all aware that nature is worth nurturing, natural systems will reach a type of balance. Bill Mollison may be the inventor of the term 'Permaculture' but the inventors are the myriad generations of Peasant farmers on which his system is based. I think you will find he is a very humble man. He has done many great things, re-introducing sustainable agriculture to many people. Please see him, meet him learn! regards Doug On Friday 27 April 2007 12:18:02 am Joe Street wrote: Hey Pagandai; Do you know about the International Permaculture Conference (IPC8) which is happening in Sao Paulo on May 4th? Bill Mollison the inventer of permaculture will give a course on design and many other leading speakers of the world will present. I wish I could attend. http://www.ipc8.org/index.php?option=com_frontpageItemid=1 Cheers Joe Pagandai Pannirselvam wrote: Hi , Keith Thank you bringing here the very important report Residual biomass = Food+Fiber+Feed+Fertilizer+Fuel Brazilian sugarcane distillery is also exploring very well the use of a byproduct effluent of ethanol fermentation as an organic additive to soils. This is also an example of the innovations very well to support residue removal , integrated very well with the feed , not yet for fiber, where as the solid residues India are used for paper production.More recycling of the solid residues incorporated with the effluent in Brazilian sugar cane field is more sustainable compared to India, where 10 times more chemical fertilizers , and also very significant amount of the toxic chemicals , well promoted by the very big blue companies, are used and thus less sustainable, thus raw very less green technology.The inoculated microbes as bio fertilizer also the other approach well applied in Brazil, thus making very sucess for the sustainable Brazilian biofuel project. Thus , the natural farming is no more out dated , yet the best way .This method need more recycle of solid residues for the soil , thus the system can be more productive and also more sustainable.Thus the recycle can be more easy as fertilizer rather than the fuel production . sd Pannir, Brasil 2007/4/25, Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]: From: ARS News Service [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil Date: Wed, 25 Apr 2007 08:01:25 -0400 STORY LEAD: In Producing Ethanol, Some Cornstalks Should be Left in the Field ___ ARS News Service Agricultural Research Service, USDA Don Comis, (301) 504-1625, [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] April 25, 2007 --View this report online, plus photos and related stories, at www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr ___ If conservation of soil organic matter is taken into account, the United States at best has to cut in half the amount of cornstalks that can be harvested to produce ethanol, according to an Agricultural Research Service (ARS) study. Jane Johnson, a soil scientist with the ARS North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory in Morris, Minn., found that twice as many cornstalks have to be left in the field to maintain soil organic matter levels, compared to the amount of stalks needed only to prevent erosion. This doesn't mean harvesting cornstalks for cellulosic ethanol isn't feasible--just that when you add soil organic matter concerns to erosion concerns, it slashes the amount of cornstalks available for conversion to ethanol. For example, 213-bushel-per-acre corn yields leave farmers an average four tons per acre of cornstalks after harvest. Farmers could then harvest about two tons of cornstalks per acre for conversion to ethanol--but only from land with low erosion risks, using little or no tillage. If the same farmers rotate with soybeans as recommended, they can only remove half again as much biomass for ethanol production, or just one ton per acre, to compensate for the lower biomass left by soybeans. Johnson's estimates are part of the Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP), formally created in 2006, although she and a core group of colleagues have worked on these measurements for several years prior. REAP was formed to ensure that cellulosic ethanol programs will be sustainable. Most participants work with corn, but others work on switchgrass for cellulosic ethanol. When cellulosic ethanol is made from corn, it uses cornstalks as well
Re: [Biofuel] Fwd: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil
Good point Doug. Actually the kudos go to Mother nature I guess. Isn't permaculture just an immitation of what nature figured out for itself? Joe doug wrote: Hi, Bill Mollison would not rate himself as the 'inventor' of permaculture. He has merely made us all aware that nature is worth nurturing, natural systems will reach a type of balance. Bill Mollison may be the inventor of the term 'Permaculture' but the inventors are the myriad generations of Peasant farmers on which his system is based. I think you will find he is a very humble man. He has done many great things, re-introducing sustainable agriculture to many people. Please see him, meet him learn! regards Doug On Friday 27 April 2007 12:18:02 am Joe Street wrote: Hey Pagandai; Do you know about the International Permaculture Conference (IPC8) which is happening in Sao Paulo on May 4th? Bill Mollison the inventer of permaculture will give a course on design and many other leading speakers of the world will present. I wish I could attend. http://www.ipc8.org/index.php?option=com_frontpageItemid=1 Cheers Joe Pagandai Pannirselvam wrote: Hi , Keith Thank you bringing here the very important report Residual biomass = Food+Fiber+Feed+Fertilizer+Fuel Brazilian sugarcane distillery is also exploring very well the use of a byproduct effluent of ethanol fermentation as an organic additive to soils. This is also an example of the innovations very well to support residue removal , integrated very well with the feed , not yet for fiber, where as the solid residues India are used for paper production.More recycling of the solid residues incorporated with the effluent in Brazilian sugar cane field is more sustainable compared to India, where 10 times more chemical fertilizers , and also very significant amount of the toxic chemicals , well promoted by the very big blue companies, are used and thus less sustainable, thus raw very less green technology.The inoculated microbes as bio fertilizer also the other approach well applied in Brazil, thus making very sucess for the sustainable Brazilian biofuel project. Thus , the natural farming is no more out dated , yet the best way .This method need more recycle of solid residues for the soil , thus the system can be more productive and also more sustainable.Thus the recycle can be more easy as fertilizer rather than the fuel production . sd Pannir, Brasil 2007/4/25, Keith Addison [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]: From: ARS News Service [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: Producing Ethanol--and Conserving the Soil Date: Wed, 25 Apr 2007 08:01:25 -0400 STORY LEAD: In Producing Ethanol, Some Cornstalks Should be Left in the Field ___ ARS News Service Agricultural Research Service, USDA Don Comis, (301) 504-1625, [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] April 25, 2007 --View this report online, plus photos and related stories, at www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr ___ If conservation of soil organic matter is taken into account, the United States at best has to cut in half the amount of cornstalks that can be harvested to produce ethanol, according to an Agricultural Research Service (ARS) study. Jane Johnson, a soil scientist with the ARS North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory in Morris, Minn., found that twice as many cornstalks have to be left in the field to maintain soil organic matter levels, compared to the amount of stalks needed only to prevent erosion. This doesn't mean harvesting cornstalks for cellulosic ethanol isn't feasible--just that when you add soil organic matter concerns to erosion concerns, it slashes the amount of cornstalks available for conversion to ethanol. For example, 213-bushel-per-acre corn yields leave farmers an average four tons per acre of cornstalks after harvest. Farmers could then harvest about two tons of cornstalks per acre for conversion to ethanol--but only from land with low erosion risks, using little or no tillage. If the same farmers rotate with soybeans as recommended, they can only remove half again as much biomass for ethanol production, or just one ton per acre, to compensate for the lower biomass left by soybeans. Johnson's estimates are part of the Renewable Energy Assessment Project (REAP), formally created in 2006, although she and a core group of colleagues have worked on these measurements for several years prior. REAP was formed to ensure that cellulosic ethanol programs will be sustainable. Most participants work with corn, but others work on switchgrass for cellulosic ethanol. When cellulosic ethanol is made from corn, it uses cornstalks as well as grain. There are nine ARS locations participating in
Re: [Biofuel] bee followup
If only... Kirk McLoren wrote: Gotta raise your own. I know I know - cant leave syphilization and move to the country. Or can you? Kirk */Mike Weaver [EMAIL PROTECTED]/* wrote: I'm sure the truth is somewhere in between - I think I'm leery of USDA-approved because of all the loopholes - for instance your cattle must be feed natural non-GMO, non-chemically-laded feed, unless of course you think that's too expensive, then you can feed cattle toxic sludge pellets and still market the meat as organic. Also, the SCC read in even organic milk is often quite high. I don't want to drink baked pus, which can be 10% of the volume of milk. Yechh. Chip Mefford wrote: Mike Weaver wrote: In the US, all Organic means, thanks to congress, is that the labell says Organic. It has no real value. It's to make you feel better. SNIP That's not completely true Mike. Have a friend who certifies organic farms, and tracks organic certification compliance for a living. It is a far less than trivial task. Now, as to the label 'Organic' you may be correct, as I don't know what that label means. But a usda certified organic farm did a lot more than file some paperwork. They worked for it. You can learn more here; http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop/indexNet.htm ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ Ahhh...imagining that irresistible new car smell? Check out new cars at Yahoo! Autos. http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=48245/*http://autos.yahoo.com/new_cars.html;_ylc=X3oDMTE1YW1jcXJ2BF9TAzk3MTA3MDc2BHNlYwNtYWlsdGFncwRzbGsDbmV3LWNhcnM- ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] First Successful Demonstration of CO2 Capture Technology
/Global Research Technologies, LLC (GRT), a technology research and development company, and Klaus Lackner from Columbia University have achieved the successful demonstration of a bold new technology to capture carbon from the air http://www.physorg.com/news96732819.html. The air extraction prototype has successfully demonstrated that indeed carbon dioxide (CO2) can be captured from the atmosphere. This is GRT's first step toward a commercially viable air capture device./ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] [Fwd: Ontario goes solar - Toronto Star - 2007.04.26]
Original Message Ontario goes solar; Massive Sarnia 'farm' to lead North America in harnessing sun's power The Toronto Star Thu 26 Apr 2007 Page: A01 Section: News Byline: Tyler Hamilton Source: Toronto Star Edition: Met Length: 983 words The Ontario government has given approval for a California company to construct a massive solar farm near Sarnia that will blanket an area larger than all three Toronto islands with hundreds of thousands of sun-soaking panels. It will be the largest solar power station in North America and among the most expansive in the world to use photovoltaic cells that produce electricity when exposed to sunlight. Once complete, the 40-megawatt Sarnia project will be able to supply enough emission-free electricity to power between 10,000 and 15, 000 homes on sunny days. This is certainly the most exciting thing I've ever worked on, said Peter Carrie of OptiSolar Farms Canada Inc., a subsidiary of Hayward, Calif.-based OptiSolar Inc. We want to take solar mainstream. The Ontario Power Authority has agreed to purchase the electricity under a 20-year contract that will see the clean power go into the provincial grid. An official announcement is expected today from the energy ministry. The current world record-holder is the 12-megawatt Erlasee solar park in Germany, though another 40-megawatt park is under construction in the same region. On Monday, the largest U.S. project was announced: A 15-megawatt solar PV system to be built at an air force base in Nevada. The Sarnia solar farm will be enormous by comparison, stretching across nearly 365 hectares, the equivalent of 419 Canadian football fields. An army of panels will be erected as high as seven metres off the ground, all tilted south to soak up sunlight. In a Canadian context, the magnitude is even more impressive. The 100- kilowatt solar installation atop Exhibition Place's historic Horse Palace, now the largest in Canada, is 400 times smaller than OptiSolar's proposed farm. The company would not reveal the cost of the project for proprietary reasons, but Carrie said a typical 10-megawatt system runs between $70 million and $80 million. This means the cost of the Sarnia project, to be built in four 10- megawatt phases, could carry a price tag of around $300 million. Forty megawatts is huge, said John Stanton, vice-president of government affairs at the U.S. Solar Energy Industries Association in Washington, D.C. Stanton said solar panel systems, once relegated to the rooftops of homes, farms and commercial buildings, are growing in size as technology costs fall and government incentives increase. There's also an increasing recognition of the public benefits associated with solar energy production, he said. Solar power is carbon-free, it's pollution-free, it doesn't need water, doesn't make noise. Solar also produces power during peak business hours, so it displaces natural gas, he said. But compared to coal, nuclear power, even wind, solar's squeaky-clean image comes at a high price. OptiSolar is selling the electricity to the province under its new standard offer program, which pays a premium for electricity that comes from small-scale renewable projects. In the case of wind, it's 11 cents per kilowatt-hour. Solar fetches 42 cents per kilowatt hour, nearly four times as much. Deborah Doncaster, executive director of the Ontario Sustainable Energy Association, said the premium may seem high but is justified given the environmental benefits. She said it's often forgotten that solar-generated electricity tends to offset natural gas during peak periods when air conditioners are blasting and electricity rates are at their highest. Forty-two cents compared against 6.4 cents for nuclear is comparing apples to oranges, she said, adding that the publicly touted costs of nuclear power and fossil fuels never reflect environmental costs, health impacts, and industry subsidies. I think the issue around 42 cents has to be looked at in the proper context of hidden costs, Doncaster said. And while large on a solar scale, the Sarnia project is a lightweight compared to nuclear or coal plants. Peak electricity consumption in Ontario yesterday was 18,055 megawatts. OptiSolar's farm could at most supply .2 per cent of that power. Carrie said OptiSolar chose Ontario over its home base of California, because of the 42-cent offer, which isn't available anywhere else in North America. Only European countries have taken such an approach, explaining why world solar leader Germany installed seven times more solar panels than the United States in 2006. OptiSolar hopes the premium offered through the Ontario program will give it a return on its investment over the life of its 20-year contract with the province, said Carrie. The company hopes to break ground in 2008 after getting the necessary municipal zoning approvals and building permits. It has already purchased the real estate it needs, mostly low-value farm and industrial land, and
[Biofuel] wolfberry link - supernutrient - Herb of Longevity
http://www.answers.com/topic/matrimony-vine seems to grow anywhere as well http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=LYBA4 - Ahhh...imagining that irresistible new car smell? Check outnew cars at Yahoo! Autos.___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Patented GMO jatropha
please tell me how you aquired the seeds. thanks, Mike cappiello --- James Quaid [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Keith, I'm doing a Jatropha cultivation experiment in AZ. It survived the 115F. But the 24F killed a 1/3 of my test planting. It is very sensitive to a hard freeze. And according to what I've read, standard breeds will produce 300 gal/ acre 600 gal/acre if it blooms twice. Jatropha originally from Central America. I'd be very interested to see what the GMO stuff does especially in cold climes. I'm having a heckuva time sprouting seedlings. The current batch of seeds I have is from Suriname. We will be doing an acre test planting on a farm with saline wells. Jatropha can allegedly handle salt pretty well. Here's what the Germans are doing with it: http://www.d1plc.com Regards, JQ Keith Addison wrote: http://www.orlandosentinel.com/orl-biodiesel1707apr17,0,4223949.story? track=mostemailedlink 'Farming our fuel' Officials from a local company will tout the jatropha plant today in Tallahassee. We're doing things right here in Orlando that are going to change America. Rich Mckay | Sentinel Staff Writer Posted April 17, 2007 ABOUT BIODIESEL What is it? Biodiesel is a fuel made from rendered vegetable oils or animal fats refined through a chemical reaction with an alcohol. What can be used to make it? Soybean oil is used to make most of the biodiesel in the U.S. Restaurant grease or any vegetable oil such as corn, canola, cottonseed, mustard oil also can be used. Jatropha oil is widely used in India and Asia. Other companies are developing ways to make biodiesel out of algae, restaurant scraps and even animal carcasses. Why bother? Biodiesel is considered an alternative to petroleum diesel because it can be grown, rather than pumped from a well. It is also considered a neutral gas. It doesn't put back into the atmosphere anything it didn't absorb when it was part of the environment. Is it as powerful as diesel? It is considered to have the same power as petroleum diesel. What engines can use it? It can be mixed with petroleum diesel and used in unmodified diesel engines. Engines can be modified to run 100 percent on biodiesel. What does biodiesel smell like? That depends its source. Some say it smells like french fries. Biodiesel made from jatropha doesn't have a strong odor. SOURCE: Sentinel research America, meet your next tank of gas -- made from superpowered seeds. A couple of Orlando entrepreneurs say that a Malaysian variety newly approved for U.S. import could help solve America's energy woes and boost Central Florida's economy with a new cash crop. State Agriculture Commissioner Charles Bronson, along with executives from the Orlando-based Xenerga Inc., are scheduled to introduce a patented version of the jatropha plant today in Tallahassee. We're doing things right here in Orlando that are going to change America, said Dave Jarrett, a company spokesman. Just wait and see. The oil pressed from the jatropha nut can be used to make biodiesel, producing six to eight times the amount of energy extracted from soybeans -- the most common crop used for biodiesel in the U.S. Xenerga president Jason Sayers and his business partner Victor Clewes have the exclusive patent on the high-octane version of the plant with seeds that grow inside bunches of fat green pods the size of peach pits. It can produce 1,600 gallons of biodiesel per acre, compared with soy's 200 gallons, Sayers said. A Lake Wales farmer is ready to grow 5,000 acres of the genetically enhanced jatropha, Jarrett said. And unlike soy, which takes lots of tending, fertilizer and water, the jatropha plant can grow happily in arid soil, with little water and almost no tending. Think of it as farming our fuel, Sayers said. President Bush mandated that refineries should have renewable fuels blended into 7.5 billion gallons of the nation's fuel supply by 2012. Only about 75 million gallons of biodiesel were sold in the U.S. last year, compared with about 6 billion gallons of petroleum diesel, according to the National Biodiesel Board, a trade organization. Biodiesel is huge in Europe and Asia, Sayers said. America is just now catching up. So Sayers and his associates are also launching a venture with Xenerga that will sell prefabricated mom-and-pop biodiesel refineries for about $2 million. Their plan is to sell turnkey operations, manufactured in Germany and shipped here, and promise a steady supply of raw materials and customers. They have contracts to build about 16 of the refineries. Each refinery, if running at capacity, can produce 5 million gallons of biodiesel a year. Jarrett said they already have a slew of inquiries and expect to have 100
