Re: [Biofuel] Disposal of glycerine...burning
regular wood smoke contains way worse stuff than just burning Glycerine.. wood smoked may contain all of the following... Cyclic di and triterpenoids: dehydroabietic acid, isopimaric acid, lupenone, friedelin Chlorinated dioxins Carbon monoxide Methane Aldehydes: formaldehyde, acrolein, propionaldehyde, butryaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural Substituted furans Benzene Alkyl benzenes: toluene Acetic acid, Formic acid Nitrogen oxides Sulphur dioxide, Methyl chloride Napthalene Substituted napthalenes Oxygenated monoaromatics: guaiacol and derivatives phenol and derivatives, syringol and derivatives, catechol and derivatives Particulate organic carbon Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): fluorene, phenamhrene, anthracene, methylanthracenes, fluoranthene , pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzofluoranthenes, benzo(e)pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene, perylene, ideno (1,2,3cd)pyrene,*benz(ghi)perylene*coronene, dibenzo(a,h)pyrene, retene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene Trace elements: including sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon A person should always have a good draft going for a good hot fire and a sealed flue here in the states , there are dozens of new companys springing up all over here in the northern half of the country (the cooler parts) building and selling outdoor boilers and outdoor forced air wood stoves.. almmost none of them are compleing with any EPA laws or guidelines... they just sit an smolder the wood all day... smoking like crazy all day long... they emit particulates at the rate of 20 to 60 grams per hour... where as all the stoves and fireplaces certified by the U.S. EPA run in the range of 2 to 7.5 grams per hour... Ray J >one precaution about burning glycerin: make sure you have plenty of >input air for combustion and a good flue for exhaust. > >Incomplete combustion can result in the formation of allyl alcohol, >acrolein and acrylic acid. All of which are volatile and toxic. > > > > > ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Dear Bob Allen was Re: There's no proof of globalwarming
how in the hell can you put 1 pound of something in and get 3 pounds of something out... everything i have ever been taught says thats not possible never mind... I dont even want to know... this is obviously wy over my head... thanks a lot, now my brain hurts. :-( :-( Ray J Zeke Yewdall wrote: >For heavy fuels of indeterminate chemical composition, I usually use >2.5 to 3 for a rule of thumb for lbs of CO2 produced for each lb of >fuel consumed. I was actually suprised that this example was about >the same weight of CO2 as fuel. > > > > >>>But very roughly put and depending on the efficiency of combustion, it's >>>not too difficult to see that one pound of a specific type of fuel going >>>into a turbine or engine (a long carbon chain) can turn into two or >>>three plus pounds of CO2 coming out. >>> >>>Todd Swearingen >>> >>> > >___ >Biofuel mailing list >Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org > >Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html > >Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): >http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ > > > > > > > ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Dear Bob Allen was Re: There's no proof of globalwarming
Specs on the current model Boeing 747-400, 57,000 U.S. gallons fuel capacity with 8,000 mile range so it gets something like 6-9 gallons a mile. so lets say 8 gallons/mile, at around 8 pounds per gallon,= 65 pounds of fuel per mile...so it uses around 26 tons of fuel in 800 miles but they say they put out 28 tons of co2 in the same distance? thats interesting... Ray J >Just seen this on our BBC TV channel " every 800 miles travelled by a jumbo >jet dumps 28 tons of CO2 into the atmosphere." Chris > > > > ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Oil shale
You must not have read the article they drill a shaft freeze the ground in a big sphere way out around the shaft.. then boil the oil out of the rock and suck it out of the hole they are not planning to "dig" out the shale DHAJOGLO wrote: >I haven't posted in a while and I just got around to looking at this. I grew >up in Grand Junction, Colorado. This is situated right in the heart of oil >shale country. There is even a local story (local to Parachute, Colorado) >about an early settler that built his fireplace out of oil shale and shortly >thereafter rebuilt his whole house. But I digress. > >No matter what any company says about getting to the oil shale, it is very, >very important to understand that, even if this process works they would be >leaving behind vast amounts of mining/drilling waste. Rather than dig up the >rocks, "Boil off" the oil and then dump the mining waste they simply leave it >in the ground. I can't imagine what untold pollution this would cause but I >would imagine the Green river and in turn the Colorado river would become >extremely polluted. Not to mention the land which, despite their best >efforts, would still contain "loose chemicals." *note* the article never >addressed what they would do with the, "gunk" they stripped out. > >Its a dicey proposition that I'm sure will become more and more debated as the >US loses its grip on the world oil supply. > > > >> >> >>http://www.rockymountainnews.com/drmn/news_columnists/article/0,1299,DRMN_86_4051709,00.html >> >> ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Water in the oil
yes... u should be able to heat oil up as hot as u can well untill it bursts into flames it should not make any noise... poping, hissing, sizzling sounds. and bubbles are all signs of water in the oil... the water will take some time to all evaporate out... and thats a good thing.. u dont realy want hot oil flying around any more than u have to... Ray Ian & Theresa Sims wrote: > Could someone clear up my understanding of water in the oil reaction > to heat. Somewhere I read that the oil will boil if water is present. > Some of the oil I have only makes a poping pinging sound as it is > heated, is this the same thing? although diminished it carries on over > a 100c even as high as 120c This is a low acid oil 1.8 mls. > Cheers Ian > > > >___ >Biofuel mailing list >Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org > >Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html > >Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): >http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ > > > ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Methanol in Engines was Materials, Venturis and Biodiesel
Thats funny .. i have been around race engines on and off for years, on dirt tracks , drag strips, and go karts and have not heard / seen anything special about them compared to their gasoline burning versions other than carb setup. mabey its just on them million dollar indy car engines... Ray J > >I went looking some time back and foun this at a race site. I've seen >some other references to parts of it. Seems those racecars have >special engines, thoroughly corrosion-proofed, no exposed aluminium, >the entire fuel system is internally coated with Teflon and stainless >steel, the fuel bladder is made of a special compound, the valve >seats are brass, no fuel is left in the engine overnight, the >cylinder walls have to be fogged with oil so they won't rust. "Turns >aluminum to powder..." > >There's this too: >http://www.bera1.org/LA-buses.html >Los Angeles Evaluation of Methanol- and Ethanol-Fueled Buses > > ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Methanol in Engines was Materials, Venturis and Biodiesel
Methanol is a common thing to put in a tank of gas anywhere in the world when it gets cold outside ... it stops the water from pooling in the tank and freezing... its avalable in any store arould here in the states http://www.goldeagle.com/heet/index.htm Heet is 100% methanol Ray J Chris wrote: >Hi: > >Don't professional race car drivers use methanol in their engines? So >why can't it be used in an ordinary car? I'm guessing race car engines >should be more sensitive. Anyone care to comment? > >Best, >Christopher > >-Original Message- >From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] >[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of JJJN >Sent: Monday, September 05, 2005 7:31 AM >To: Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Materials, Venturis and Biodiesel > > > >Gregg Davidson wrote: > > > >>Hi Jim, >> >>The * VERY * first thing you need to make sure of when putting >>biodiesel in your gasoline engine is that the addition of methanol >>in * ANY * form will not damage your engine. *I strongly suggest* * >>you read your owners manual *. >> >>*I recently bought a new vehicle & out of couriousity looked at the >>fuel specs. Use of gasoline, and */* or gasoline-ethanol* *mixtures is >> >> > > > >>allowed, but gasoline-methanol mixtures or the addition of methanol in >> >> > > > >>any way, shape, form, or fashion can damage or destroy vital engine >>components.* >>** >>Respectfully, >>Gregg Davidson >> >>** >> >> >> > >Thanks Greg, >I decided against using it as an additive right now except into an old >lawn mower that I have. ( no loss..probably should be in dump anyway) >But I did use it in an old Kerosene lamp. I guess its just so cool to >see something you made do what its supposed to (quality tests) then to >see it burn so clean no smoke at all well thats just cool. I plan >on having the ASTM testing done for quality before I use it in my >Cumins.I have a long ways to go before I am at that level though. > >I am still looking for information about white PVC pipe and and how it >stands the chemicals. I want to experiment with my venturis as a vacume >source and for introduction of Methoxil. Any guidance?? > > > >> >> >>* * >> >>* >>* >>*/Keith Addison <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>/* wrote: >> >>Hello Jim >> >>>I had some general question about Biodiesel: >>> >>>1. I have some PVC Venturis that I thought would work for mixing >> >> >the > > >>>Methoxil and oil together. Would it tear up the PVC? How about >>Venturis >>>and PVC in the washing process? >>> >>>2. How much if any Biodiesel can be added to gasoline engines as >> >> >an > > >>>upper lubricant and carb cleaner additive? >> >>See: >> >>Biodiesel in gasoline engines >>http://journeytoforever.org/biodiesel_make2.html#gas >> >>Best wishes >> >>Keith >> >> >>>3. Has any one gotten good results from this usage of biodiesel? >>> >>>4. Will this use work with 2 stroke engines? I need to winterize >>my boat >>>and wonder how that would work as opposed to sea foam. >>> >>>5. I can get methanol for $2.24 US is this good bad or average? >>> >>>Thank you >>>Jim >> >> >>___ >>Biofuel mailing list >>Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >> >> >> >http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.or >g > > >>Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html >> >>Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 >>messages): >>http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ >> >>Start your day with Yahoo! - make it your home page >><http://us.rd.yahoo.com/evt=34442/*http://www.yahoo.com/r/hs> >> >>--- >> >> >- > > >>___ >>Biofuel mailing list >>Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >>http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.o >> >> >rg > > >>Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >>http://journeytoforever.org/b
Re: [Biofuel] small displacement, high compression (stock) auto engine?
You dont normally see the words Affordable and high compression together... lol look around for good deals on smaller cars and then see if there is any performance parts available.. get the Head shaved or find domed racing pistons... like the little ford 2.0 and 2.3L 4 cylinder has a bunch of racing parts available... and alot of the new imports are getting lost of racing stuff available .. but that all computer controlled and expensive stuff Ray J Erik Andelman wrote: >Hello all, > >Can anyone think of an affordable automobile which came stock with a >small displacement, high compression engine? I'd like to get >something to run on ethanol, but the small/fuel-efficient autos that I >am familiar with all have very low compression ratios. >Any ideas? >Thanks, >Erik > >___ >Biofuel mailing list >Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org > >Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html > >Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): >http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ > > > > > > > ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Oil shale
" They don't need subsidies; the process should be commercially feasible with world oil prices at $30 a barrel. The energy balance is favorable; under a conservative life-cycle analysis, it should yield 3.5 units of energy for every 1 unit used in production. The process recovers about 10 times as much oil as mining the rock and crushing and cooking it at the surface, While the rock is cooking, at about 650 or 750 degrees Fahrenheit, how do you keep the hydrocarbons from contaminating ground water? Why, you build an ice wall around the whole thing. As O'Connor said, it's counterintuitive. But ice is impermeable to water. So around the perimeter of the productive site, you drill lots more shafts, only 8 to 12 feet apart, put in piping, and pump refrigerants through it. The water in the ground around the shafts freezes, and eventually forms a 20- to 30-foot ice barrier around the site. " heating rock to 700degrees... then encasing the area in ice so the oil dont get awaythen pumpin out what u wantand they still get 3.5 to 1 net energy gain... wow isnt oil great sounds like a pipe dream to me Ray J > > > > ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Katrina slams New Orleans. Is There Blame?
i think a few cases of bottled water and or jugs of distiled water from the supermarket will last a few years lol ... Garth & Kim Travis wrote: >Greetings, > >I was suggesting an alternative for those whose health is of vital >importance, to them. I am fighting hard to prevent myself from becoming >totally chemically sensitive, so I can still have a life. Many of the >things our government says are safe are responsible for people becoming >like I am, allergic to everything. > >If it is too much bother to find out how to use alternatives, then so be >it. No need to ridicule the information. > >Bright Blessings, >Kim > >At 05:39 PM 9/1/2005, you wrote: > > >>at what concentration is hydrogen peroxide safe? At what concentration is >>chlorine bleach unsafe? >>also at what concentration is H2O2 effective and at what concentration is >>chlorine ineffective >>agai >> ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Another use for glycerine
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified propylene glycol as "generally recognized as safe," which means that it is acceptable for use in flavorings, drugs, and cosmetics, and as a direct food additive. * Ethylene glycol is only mildly irritating to mucous membranes or skin and is slowly and poorly absorbed through the skin. * Ingestion is the most important exposure route. Dermal absorption is negligible and does not contribute significantly to systemic toxicity. * Ethylene glycol is only mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes and is not absorbed well through the skin or by inhalation. * Ingestion of ethylene glycol produces CNS depression which may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. * Metabolites of ethylene glycol produce severe metabolic acidosis and damage to the brain, heart, and kidneys. * Severe poisoning is potentially fatal if treatment is inadequate or delayed. * There are only a few reports on the adverse health effects in humans of chronic exposure to ethylene glycol. Irritation of the throat, mild headache, low backache, loss of consciousness, and nystagmus have been reported. These symptoms were resolved when the exposure ceased. * Ethylene glycol affects the body's chemistry by increasing the amount of acid, resulting in metabolic problems. Similar to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol increases the amount of acid in the body. However, larger amounts of propylene glycol are needed to cause this effect. * The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and the EPA have not classified ethylene glycol and propylene glycol for carcinogenicity. Studies with people who used ethylene glycol did not show carcinogenic effects. Animal studies also have not shown these chemicals to be carcinogens. Ray J http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/MHMI/mmg96.html http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts96.html John Hayes wrote: >Nancy Canning wrote: > > >>- Original Message - From: "John Hayes" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> >>To: >>Sent: Saturday, August 27, 2005 10:01 AM >>Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Another use for glycerine >> >> >> >>>Nancy Canning wrote: >>> >>> >>> >>>>Propylene glycol as it is used tons and tons of products including >>>>industrial cleaners, shampoo's, toothpaste, creams, etc. It is very >>>>toxic, >>>>the industry even has it in children's prescriptions. Wonder if this >>>>type of >>>>propylene glycol has less poison/carcinogenic toxicity qualities vrs >>>>what is >>>>out there right now? Anybody have any info? >>>> >>>> >>>Nancy. >>> >>>You are mistakenly confusing ethylene glycol with propylene glycol. Both >>>can be used as antifreeze or deicers, but they have very different >>>metabolic fates in the body. Thus, ethylene glycol is toxic while >>>propylene glycol is food safe. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>What is Propylene Glycol? >> >>Propylene Glycol (PG, Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), Butylene Glycol (BG) >>and Ethylene Glycol (EG) are all petroleum derivatives that act as >>solvents, surfactants, and wetting agents. They can easily penetrate >>the skin, and can weaken protein and cellular structure. In fact, PG >>penetrates the skin so quickly that the EPA warns factory workers to >>avoid skin contact, to prevent brain, liver, and kidney abnormalities. >>PG is present in many stick deodorants, often in heavier concentration >>than in most industrial applications. (Nyack, Dr. Vin, Ph.D., >>Biochemist; personal communication). And Propylene Glycol is what is >>used to carry the "active" ingredients in those transdermal patches INTO >>YOUR BODY >>Imagine a bottle of Anti-Freeze in a picture with shampoos, deodorants, >>cosmetics, lotions and toothpastes? >>The question you should be asking is .. What's Anti-Freeze doing IN my >>shampoos, deodorants, cosmetics, lotions and toothpaste? >>Yes, the main ingredient in anti-freeze is in all of these products. >>Shocked? You should be! >> >> > >http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/30/science/30profile.html > >jh > >___ >Biofuel mailing list >Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org > >Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >http:
Re: [Biofuel] Warning to List Members
I have heard of several viruses for Linux and apple stuff Ray J Rumen Slavov wrote: > Hi, Friends, > It seems to me all of you are intelligent persons, >so I wonder why you are using Microsoft bullsh...? As >far as it is well known, there is not such animal - >virus or worm or Trojan - for Linux! For some time now >there are several distribution of Live CD`s, which >work even in an empty hard like Knoppix and many >others! My OS is Slackware Linux 10.1 and I never had >any problems in the net. And it is free of charge. The >OppenOffice 1.1.4 office is well ahead of MS office - >it opens files no matter which application is involved >in the creation ( for example MS office XP can not >open document written with MS office 97). Everything >can be downloaded free from the net and the >distributions are equipped with more than 2000 >applications! All you need is to compile idconfig (the >network connection) and you are free of problems. Me, >personally, I do not have antivirus - I don`t need it. > Try Linux! > Best - R. Slavov > > > > >Start your day with Yahoo! - make it your home page >http://www.yahoo.com/r/hs > > >___ >Biofuel mailing list >Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org > >Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html > >Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): >http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ > > > > > > > ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Question on Chevy S10´s
2000 s-10 had a diesel engine in them??? They had a 2.2l 4 cylinder 2.8l 6 cylinder and a 4.3l gas engine in them... i think u can run E85 hi ethanol gass in them but as far as i no chevy has not made a diesel s10 for many years .. they offered a 2.2l diesel in 1983-1986.. Ray J Tom Irwin wrote: > Hi All, > > I was out on Friday looking at pick ups. I saw an 2000 S10 with a 2.8 > liter engine. It had about 200,000 km on it. Any problems running BioD > in this vehicle? I suspect I´ll have to get the filters changed quite > often early on as the BioD will dissolve all the fossil crud. I didn´t > have a lot of time to see if it was a computerized injection system. > Any help would be appreciated. > > Tom Irwin > > > >___ >Biofuel mailing list >Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org > >Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html > >Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): >http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ > > > ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] New Biodegradable Polymers
Just Disposed of how?? they make it sound like its just dumped... I thought glycerol and glycerin was a valuable commodity? >"New biodegradable polymers may provide the biodiesel industry > with a new use for glycerol, which is now disposed of after the > biodiesel is made." Glycerol (which shows that it is an alcohol), while the impure commercial product is called Glycerin Ray >>Agricultural Research Service, USDA >>Sharon Durham, (301) 504-1611, [EMAIL PROTECTED] >>August 24, 2005 >>--View this report online, plus any included photos or other images, >>at www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr >>___ >> >>A biodiesel fuel byproduct called glycerol and an agricultural >>commodity called citric acid can be chemically combined to produce >>biodegradable polymers that could be used in produce packaging and >>other products, according to Agricultural Research Service scientists. >> >>Justin Barone, a chemist at the ARS Environmental Quality Laboratory >>in Beltsville, Md., made the discovery while studying processes for >>improving the effectiveness of insecticides that contain citric acid >>as an active ingredient. Citric acid washes away very quickly in the >>environment, limiting its effectiveness. >> >>Barone found that molecules containing hydrogen and oxygen--such as >>glycerol, sorbitol or polyethylene glycol--reacted with citric acid >>to produce polymers with citric acid groups in them. The materials >>formed are biodegradable polyesters. Further study showed that the >>viscosity of the material can range from the consistency of paint to >>a slow-to-dissolve, glasslike product, depending on how the chemical >>reaction takes place. >> >>The new biodegradable polymers may provide the biodiesel industry >>with a new use for glycerol, which is now disposed of after the >>biodiesel is made. In addition, citric acid is used in the food >>industry as a retardant to browning in cut fruits and vegetables. The >>new citric acid-based polyesters may prove useful as a packaging >>material. Studies are under way to determine whether the new polymers >>would work as well as pure citric acid in these applications. >> >>ARS is the U.S. Department of Agriculture's chief scientific research >> >> >agency. > > >>___ >>Biofuel mailing list >>Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >>http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org >> >>Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html >> >>Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 >> >> >messages): > > >>http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ >> >> >> >> > > >___ >Biofuel mailing list >Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org > >Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html > >Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): >http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ > > > > > > > ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Alternative to Toxic Mold Compounds?
How about fiberglass resin for the mold..?its not that good for you either, U mainly just have to watch out for the vapors.. its probably better than what you are using, from a safety stand point. what about something cast from plaster or carved out of wood?? the biggest thing of jb weld u can get is only 10 oz.. and its probbly not that cheap... Tensile Strength: 3960 Adhesion: 1800 Flex Strength: 7320 Tensile Lap Shear: 1040 Shrinkage: 0.0% Resistant to: 500° F Ray J Peter Childers wrote: >How about using JB Weld. It has a high heat resistance and is impervious to >oils and chemicals etc. Not sure how big your molds are but you may be able >to buy direct from JB Weld in larger quantities. It is a two part epoxy that >I have used to mold repair plastic items. It gravity flows and sets into a >shapeable and sandable mold. >Peter >- Original Message - >From: "Mike Weaver" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> >To: >Sent: Friday, August 26, 2005 10:23 AM >Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Alternative to Toxic Mold Compounds? > > > > >>What about milling Acrylic? >> >>Michael Redler wrote: >> >> >> >>>I know that this may fall outside the scope of our usual discussions >>>but, I thought there might be knowledge to gain here. >>> >>>In the process of building a prototype solar tracker, I'm stuck with a >>>dilemma. Some of the parts I make need to be molded. So, I'm making >>>silicone based molds and casting the parts with two-part polyurethane. >>> >>>According to the MSDS sheets, the catalyst for the silicone mold is a >>>tin-based compound and very toxic. The reason I started in this >>>direction is that it's readily available, widely used and proven to >>>work. When finished, I can cast parts in almost any material. I can >>>even pour low melt temperature metals. >>> >>>I would like to make/use a casting material from something which is >>>safer to me and the environment and still be durable and >>>weather-proof. I was making pasta the other night and found (the next >>>morning) a couple of pieces of spaghetti, dried and conforming to the >>>shape of the colander. It made me wonder if there is a casting >>>materiel made of carbohydrates and /or starch that I can use with a >>>latex rubber mold. >>> >>>Any thoughts? >>> >>>Mike >>> >>> >>> >>>___ >>>Biofuel mailing list >>>Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >>>http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org >>> >>>Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >>>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html >>> >>>Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 >>>messages): >>>http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>___ >>Biofuel mailing list >>Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >>http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org >> >>Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >>http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html >> >>Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 >>messages): >>http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ >> >> >> >> > > >___ >Biofuel mailing list >Biofuel@sustainablelists.org >http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org > >Biofuel at Journey to Forever: >http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html > >Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): >http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ > > > > > > > ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] emulsion wash test.. methanol
I said that?? anyway.. how about some real information about methanol? from Methanex Methanol is a clear biodegradable liquid usually made from natural gas. It is a petrochemical that is used to make countless industrial and consumer products such as synthetic textiles, recyclable plastics, household paints and adhesives, foam cushions and pillows, and even common medicines such as ASA (acetylsalicylic acid). Methanol is used to manufacture a fuel component that when added to gasoline makes the gas burn more cleanly and produce fewer emissions. Methanol is also used to remove nitrates from municipal waste water. Regardless of the exposure route, methanol distributes readily and uniformly to all organs in direct relation to their water content (Yant and Schrenk, 1937). Interestingly enough, drinking an aspartame sweetened beverage (like a diet soda) has the potential to increase the methanol body burden as aspartame is hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa to 10% methanol by weight (Statoil, 1999). Methanol’s fate in the human body is well understood. Methanol is neither mutagenic nor carcinogenic and the metabolism of methanol and the mechanisms of toxicity are issues that have been studied extensively. Once methanol is absorbed it is rapidly distributed in the body water with peak blood levels occurring in about 30 to 90 minutes after exposure. If ethanol is not present 2-5% of the methanol is excreted unchanged by the kidneys and a small amount is eliminated by the lungs. At low blood levels the half-life of methanol is 2-3 hours. Once the blood levels rise above 300 mg/dl, the enzymes that metabolize methanol become saturated and the elimination half-life increases to 27 hours. When this happens a greater amount of the methanol is eliminated unchanged by the lungs and the kidneys. During therapy with ethanol the half-life of methanol becomes 30-52 hours. Methanol itself may cause inebriation but by itself in almost completely non-toxic. The methanol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to formaldehyde and then to formic acid. Clinical findings correlate better with formic acid levels than with methanol levels. It is these two metabolites that cause toxicity with formic acid being more responsible. It is the formic acid that causes the profound metabolic acidosis that is typical of methanol poisoning. The overall mortality of methanol poisoning is approximately 20% and among survivors the rate of permanent visual impairment is 20-25%. * *The presentation within the first 1-2 hours may be similar to ethanol intoxication in that the patient may have drowsiness, vertigo, and uninhibited behavior. There is typically a delay of the toxic symptoms anywhere from six-30 hours and longer if ethanol has been co-ingested. In cases of methanol ingestion a lack of symptoms early on does not mean that the patient has not ingested a toxic amount of methanol. There are several treatments available to combat the effects of methanol toxicity, for example Sodium Bicarbonate Early treatment with sodium bicarbonate is essential to compensate metabolic acidosis – here the sodium bicarbonate is used to bring the blood to a normal physiological pH to help prevent or reverse visual impairment. Hemodialysis In severe cases, hemodialysis is considered to be an effective treatment for removing both methanol and formate from the blood. Ethanol Treatment The metabolism of methanol is inhibited by the co-exposure to ethanol. Ethanol acts as a competing substrate for the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme and as a result clinically administered ethanol treatments have been shown to prevent the elevation of formate levels. Methanol exposure... Exposure/Dose Added body burden Reference of methanol (mg) Background in a 70 kg body 35** Kavet & Nauss 1990 Hand in liquid methanol, 2 min 170 IPCS 1994 Inhalation, 40 ppm methanol for 8 hr 170 IPCS 1994 Inhalation, 150 ppm for 15 min 42 Kavet & Nauss 1990 0.8 litre diet beverage 42 Kavet & Nauss 1990 Ingestion of 0.2 ml of methanol 170 Ingestion, 25-90 ml Lethal (20,000 – 71,000 mg) IPCS 1997 **estimated from 0.73 mg/l in blood thats interesting drinking a diet soda will probbly give you more methanol in your system than taking a good wiff in your wash barrel... Ray J ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] emulsion wash test
thats funny, i have been studying biodiesel processors on the net for over a year now and dont think i have hardly ever seen a sealed wash tank... in fact most i see are open top drums [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: The smell is methanol. DO NOT BREATH THESE VAPORS. The transfer should be done from sealed and vented processor to sealed and vented washtank. Ray On Tue, 16 Aug 2005 10:22:53 -0400, Todd Hershberger <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: I processed about 60 liters after some successful test batches. I was disappointed to discover a thick middle layer of emulsion when I did the violent shake test. Should I gently stir wash the fuel? Reprocess it using 10% methanol w/ 3.5 grams of lye? or as virgin oil? I know my process needs improvement. This was my first large batch over 1 liter. My other question is. When I pumped the biodiesel from the reactor to the wash tank, there was a noxious smell from the fuel coming out of the the 55 gallon drum. It was kind of choking and eye imitating. I didn't breathe much of it. The fuel was still warm coming out after 24 hours of settling. Is that just smell of unwashed biodiesel with contaminants? Thanks, Todd Todd G. Hershberger, CTS ITSMedia - Goshen College 574.674.2149 - Pager 574.535.7735 - Work ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Honda Civic MPG
and the very obvious question.. Is there a gas leak..??? . thats very poor mileage... i get better than that in my 1997 4 cylinder S-10xtended cab pickup...and I beat the heck out of the poor thing Ray J WI Randall wrote: Also, let's not forget to ask about wheel alignment...how are the tires wearing? Any pulling? --Randall - Original Message - From: "Joe Street" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: Sent: Tuesday, August 16, 2005 9:29 AM Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Honda Civic MPG I am 18 and not sure where I want to go to college. I might take the year off, as it is so late to be signing up. My question for everyone is, does anyone here know of some good colleges, preferably in the New England area, that have specialty biofuel(or related) courses? That would be a great help to me. Also, I wanted to add an amazing discovery/question that I found this past week. I drive a 1992 honda civic. I just did a full tune up, including O2 sensor, plugs, wires, cap & rotor, etc. I drove from FL to MA, and i got about 23 MPG. This is in a 1.5L engine in a car weighing maybe 1600 lbs fully loaded with 106 base HP. I then drove my father's car south( a 2000 Cadillac Deville), from Ma to FL, and got an amazing surprise : his 4.6L American engine with about 300 base HP pulling a car weighing maybe 3000Lbs empty got 28MPG. I also found that in the city, his car's gas mileage was 18 MPG, where mine is about 13. Now I admit to owning a foot of lead, but does anyone know how this is possible as i drove both vehicles, and with regular gas? The calculations were correct for MPG. Any input would be appreciated. ~ Paul * ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Cornell on ethanol, biodiesel, & hydrogen energefficiencies
What about this sweet sorghum (molasses) plant ... someone is saying yields around 800 gallons of ethanol an acre and 1/3 the energy input of corn... sounds way to good to be true.. if it is... why are we wasting our time with corn? Ray J In any event, btu per gallon vs. btu per gallon, methanol has only 75% the energy value of ethanol. http://www.leeric.lsu.edu/bgbb/7/ecep/auto/m/m.htm That said, using 146 bushels of corn per acre, http://www.agry.purdue.edu/ext/corn/news/articles.03/CornYldTrend2003.html and an ethanol yield 2.5 gallons per bushel, http://www.fsa.usda.gov/daco/bioenergy/2001/2001FactorsNFormulas.pdf you gross approximately 365 gallons of ethanol per acre. ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] blackout 8-14-2003, some comments
All i have heard, they have said it many times.. that they want us to leave them alone to get out of their lands Our way of life offends them... is that so hard?? Ray J what do these terrorists want from us? Let’s find out and give it to them! But then I came to my senses and remembered, they want us dead. Whoops, maybe we shouldn’t give it to them after all. ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] Pressure release and return port jet
is anyone measuring the pressure in your sealed reactors? What kind of pressure are we talking about?...1psi? 5 psi ? 10psi? I have herd their is some heat build up from the reaction but have not heard much about a big pressure buildup. then again a little pressure probably isnt too bad... it keeps more methanol from evaporating well actually.. I think u need to run quite a bit of pressure for that... most people are using water heaters for sealed reactors.. the largest port is 1or 3/4 inch isn't it? and I think someone is a little confused.. They all talk of having a sealed system to prevent personal harm and methanol loss but pressure must build with A, heating and "B pumping air in to mix the solution.." I dont think anyone is pumping air to mix the solution... in fact most the pumps people are using are very poor at pumping air... most designs, pump the solution out of the bottom of the tank and push it up a pipe to the top of the tank then it flows back into the tank...and that flow does the mixing And now i have a question for the group.. ,, I dont really know if its been brought up or not... I would think it has. but has anyone seen what would happen if you would put some kind of jet type nozzle spraying into the tank on the return port.. so the solution is striking the opposite side of the tank or being "jetted" into the solution in the tank.. I would think that jetting "into" the solution might incorporate too much air and make foam or something but spraying it into the opposite side of the tank...? wonder what would happen? would it help mixing? I suppose a person would have to keep an eye on the pressure side of the pump and try to keep a happy medium with the flow rate and pressure... But I would bet the harbor freight pump would NOT be the number one choice for doing this Ray J Appal Energy wrote: > How are the tanks vented? Any tank holding any percentage of methanol should have a vapor line running to a central manifold prior to passing through a condensor. The greatest pressure build-up occurs during the first moments of reaction. Rather than a pressure relief valve that could easily fail, an adjustable pressure "flap" can be constructed that opens at low pressure. If the vent lines are 2"-4", there's not much chance of the pressure building beyond a couple of pounds. As for a sealed system? There are two options. Either size and construct all parts of the system that will be in the methanol loop (tanks, transfer lines, pumps vents, etc.) to withstand negative pressure, or simple make sure that any new feedstock and reactants that enter do so at a speed consistant with the condensor's capacity, allowing all exiting vapor to be stripped of methanol. Sizing a condensor would be a less taxing exercise than constructin an entire system for negative pressure.Over size the condensor and the reactants can be fed faster. Under size it and they simply have to enter at a slower rate. Todd Swearingen Ian & Theresa Sims wrote: I am new to the biofuel world and have read most of the webb site info but can't seem to find any reference to pressure release. They all talk of having a sealed system to prevent personal harm and methanol loss but pressure must build with A, heating and B, pumping air in to mix the solution. Question. How are the tanks vented? Many thanks Ian ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Norton AntiSpam] Re: [Biofuel] The Tragic Abuse of Corn
I probbly missed the message but U do realize that we do not eat the same corn we feed the animals in the USA? Corn-on-the-cob and canned or frozen corn at the grocery store come from sweet corn. The corn you grow in your garden also is a variety of sweet corn. But the most abundant type of corn grown in the United States is actually field, or dent, corn. Almost all of the corn you see in farm fields is dent corn. Unlike sweet corn, dent corn has a hard outer portion about the thickness of your fingernail. The inner portion of the corn kernel is soft and floury. Dent corn is used to make starches, oils, livestock feed, ethanol fuel and many other products like crayons, paints and paper. Dent corn also is used to make corn syrup sweeteners and other ingredients that appear in all kinds of foods from soft drinks to baked goods. Ray J Hakan Falk wrote: Doug, One thing is viewing corn (maize) as animal food, and other thing is the actual use of it. I will never try to deny the Americans the right to eat corn (maize) and I was only talking about the perception and customs in different countries. It is realities, like it or not, and I think it is a large difference between having an opinion and expect people to eat something that they regard as animal food. Most of the people have never met an American and know little about them. Yes, corn (maize) is very old and its most common use is as food for animals. I do have to admit that I do enjoy corn on the cob with butter and many "foreigners" with me. Maize flower is also excellent to use for sauces. Hakan At 03:19 PM 7/25/2005, you wrote: Hakan Falk wrote: And all of it because a bad language interpretation at the end of WWII. When the Americans, after winning, asked the Germans what they most needed to avoid starvation, they answered Korn (Rye), which the Americans interpret to Corn (Maise) and started to send loads of it. The Germans was very sad about it, not only did they loose the war, but the Americans gave them animal food to eat. Outside US, Corn is an animal staple feed and is not normally used by people, this even today. Even poor people do not eat animal food, if they are not forced to do so. Why do the Americans stubbornly send animal food to the starving people of the world and expect them to be grateful about it. In most cases it is taken as an insult. Except for US, burning Corn, that are not used for animals, is a great idea. To heavily subsidize production of animal food is not a great idea and you must be American to do so. Not only that, the Americans eat the animal food themselves, food which will make the rest of the world think about pigs and they say that the Americans are rich?! LOL This has been going on for 60 years now, do not tell me that the Americans are flexible and understanding. Hakan To view maize as strictly animal food could be considered insulting to those native to this (American) continent, some of whose legends speak of it coming to them from Sky-Father as a gift. Indeed evidence shows that corn has been cultivated in Mexico 7000 years ago, though what its origins are, no one is sure. There seem to be no wild varieties of corn. To be sure, the sacredness of corn is ignored by those who hybridize and genetically alter it, changing its characteristics from those that evolution and Sky-Father designed. But even in 1492 when the first seeds were brought to Europe, their value must have been seen as something worth loading aboard and bringing with the first explorers back to their homelands. I do however recall the difficulty my mother had, when I was a child and growing up in Germany, in obtaining corn on the cob for family meals. Germans did (do?) view maize as an animal fodder, and we were likely looked down upon for eating it. And now, after reading labels, I discover that the WVO I've been retrieving from behind the restaurant that has allowed me to gather their waste, is 100% corn. My pickup loves it too. doug swanson ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/m
Re: [Biofuel] Commercial Biodiesel
Did you look at the pictures on some of Keith's links?? the Pictures here..stuff look like millions of dollars to me... http://www.energea.at/images/leiste2_gross.gif http://www.energea.at/images/leiste5_gross.gif http://www.biodiesel-intl.com/img/1butler.jpg http://www.biodiesel-intl.com/img/1bruck.jpg and remember.. these people are here to make money...thats the bottom line.. Country like the usa, are going to be buying this stuff up like crazy soon... Just look around the internet at the prices of stuff stainless 3" tubing... 20-50us$ a foot... 3" 90degree elbow..80$ for 150psi or almost 500$ for a high pressure one. which is probbly what code would require. 3" stainless female pipe Tee... $125 for low pressure 150psi... $600 for 3000psi.. I could spend 2 weeks paycheck just to get 1 pipe tee :-( its Crazy. got this stuff from mcmaster.com .. just because i know my way around their site a little... Ray J Lamar Lott wrote: thanks for answering Todd's question. But after making Biodiesel lab-style numerous times with several feed stocks, I'm at an absolute loss as to how any of this could possibly cost a million dollars. Physically separating water, washing and drying tanks, numerous pumps and smaller tanks with some heat exchangers-seems like a 4,000 gallon reactor ought to make 10,000 gallons a week. Put several batch reactors together linearly and it sounds continuous. Are the permits and regulations what cost so much? I've heard no question is stupid but I'm feeling it! Lamar ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Norton AntiSpam] Re: [Biofuel] biofuels would need more energy to produce than they can provide
I would assume its this http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20050717/ap_on_bi_ge/ethanol_study Ray J the skapegoat wrote: Is there an English version of this document. */"F. Desprez" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>/* wrote: according to anglo-us scientific studies. FD "Des études scientifiques portent un coup à l'éthanol" 07/07/2005 Journal de l'environnement Le développement de l'éthanol utilisé comme biocarburant pourrait avoir des conséquences environnementales négatives, estiment des chercheurs. Deux recherches scientifiques viennent de remettre en cause l'intérêt du développement de l'éthanol comme biocarburant alternatif à l'essence. D'abord, une étude scientifique américaine parue dans Bioscience conclut que l'éthanol à usage de carburant réduit la biodiversité, augmente l'érosion du sol, et consomme de grandes quantités d'eau pour le nettoyage des cannes à sucre, de l'ordre de 3.900 litres par tonne. Décrits par Marcelo Dias de Oliveira et ses collègues, de l'université d'Etat de Washington, ces impacts environnementaux, uniquement liés à la culture de la canne à sucre, pourraient provoquer un coup de frein au développement de l'éthanol comme carburant qui s'est justement appuyé sur un argument environnemental: le CO2 produit par la combustion de l'éthanol est compensé par la photosynthèse de la plante, les seules émissions de CO2 provenant des transports et du processus industriel. Or actuellement, cet argument est aussi reconsidéré par les scientifiques. Cette fois-ci par une étude anglo-américaine, publiée dans Nature resources research, qui estime «qu'il n'y a aucun bénéfice énergétique à utiliser la biomasse des plantes pour fabriquer du carburant.» Selon les chercheurs de l'université de Cornell et de Berkeley, le process de fabrication d'éthanol à partir de maïs exigerait 29% d'énergie de plus que celle que l'éthanol peut produire comme carburant, et celle du bois 57% de plus. Les résultats du biodiesel apparaissent du même ordre avec un besoin en énergie pour le produire 27% plus important que l'énergie dégagée en tant que carburant pour le soja, et 118% pour le tournesol. A noter, les scientifiques n'ont pas indiqué les besoins énergétiques d'une raffinerie traditionnelle. «Utiliser de la biomasse n'est donc pas une stratégie soutenable», juge David Pimental, de l'université de Cornell, dans un communiqué de presse. En outre, ces résultats montrent que les biocarburants ne permettent pas de s'affranchir de la dépendance énergétique. Or il s'agit d'un argument essentiel pour le Brésil, où l'éthanol de sucre de canne compte pour 40% du carburant consommé par les véhicules dans le pays, mais aussi pour les Etats-Unis et pour Europe où les biocarburants doivent atteindre un taux d'incorporation de 5,75% d'ici 2010. Reste que le véritable avenir de l'utilisation de la biomasse dans les véhicules est le BTL (Biomass to liquids), un gaz de synthèse, pour la plupart des spécialistes. C'est d'ailleurs la position décrite dans l'étude «Well to wheels» (1) du Centre commun de recherche de la commissions européenne (2). Réalisé avec la collaboration de l'ensemble des constructeurs européens et américains et des raffineurs, le rapport établit que «le BTL a le potentiel pour économiser substantiellement plus de gaz à effet de serre que les options de biocarburants actuels à coût comparable et mérite d'être davantage étudié.» (1) Le rapport «Du puits à la roue» se nomme précisément «of future automotive fuels and powertrains in the european context». (2) Plus connu sous son nom anglais Joint research center, le Centre commun de recherche a été créé pour aider aux décisions politiques de l'Union européenne. http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/July05/ethanol.toocostly.ssl.html (July 5, 2005 Cornell ecologist's study finds that producing ethanol and biodiesel from corn and other crops is not worth the energy By Susan S. Lang) http://www.journaldelenvironnement.net/fr/login.asp?page=%2Ffr%2Fdocument%2F detail%2Easp%3Fid%3D12508%26idThema%3D6%26idSousThema%3D32%26type%3DJDE%26ct x%3D2 59 (Pour accéder à ce document, merci de vous inscrire gratuitement au JDLE) http://www.6clones.com/ (Bienvenue sur le portail des biocarburants de l'écologie et de l'environnement) http://www.verasun.com/releases_6_14_05.htm (Technology Breakthrough Enables Biodiesel Production from Ethanol Plants) http://www.siouxcityjournal.com/articles/2005/06/29/news/latest
Re: [Biofuel] Burning glycerol for heat / Acrolein
nitrogen is explosive? .. crap. no one lite a match... lol... the earths atmosphere is 78.084% nitrogen Ray J r wrote: How about combining the glycerin with nitrogen to create nitroglycerin? I know, nitrogen is explosive but so is hydrogen. The engines in our vehicles are using ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: [Biofuel] was Will Brazilian Flex Fuel Device work on American Cars?
First of all anyone running these flextek thingys on a 97 S-10 pickup with a 2.2 liter 4 cylinder... gm made the ones after 2000 fun on e85 but i would love to be able to run e-85 in my 97 s-10 as it is avalable locally at quite a bit less than regular gas From what i have heard from several people on different lists, in the USA it is impossible to obtain the atf permit for making ethanol out of your garage.. there is a huge amounts of regulations that cannot even be met by the normal person living in a non comercial/industerial zoned area... "Under current law and regulations, the ATF cannot allow you to conduct experiments involving distillation of alcohol at your home". (atf site)... A person with a shop in a industerial area, that can jump throught a lot of hoops might be able to do it... http://www.ttb.gov/alcohol/info/faq/subpages/27cfrpart019.htm some where around page 380 theres some relevent information. yeah.. page 380... this is just some of the regulations and permit stuff way to complicatedI wonder if we need a permit to be recovering out methanol from out biodiesel? I think all they care about is ethanol... because u can drink it... and they tax it.. Ray J YOU can obtain a distillation permit from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms to distill your own ethanol. There is no such provision in Canada for individuals. I'm trying to do this through my business right now, but the people at Revenue Canada never answer their phones and are NOT returning my calls! Robert; You raise an issue I am concerned about. Have you or anyone on the list looked into the issue of distillation with regard to biodiesel production in Canada. I heard that stills are required to be registered in Canada even for distillation of water. The reactors that we use and the way we recover methanol could be considered a form of distillation although my vacuum unit is technically more like a refinery than a distillation apparatus. I have been wondering what the pros and cons are of this terminology and which would be better in terms of applying for a permit. I see this as a potential sticking point whereby biodiesel production could fall under existing regulations in this country and thereby be subject to rules and regulations and taxes etc that could eventually make it difficult for the average person to make thier own fuel. Does anybody have any ideas on this? Joe ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/ ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
Re: Fwd: [Biofuel] End of cheap oil is a blessing
someone driving some big a$$ truck the world would be a safer place if as many people didn't drive a truck that has a bumper that lines up with the heads of the people in the cars... I see s many people drive big trucks, and they have no good reason to... 20 years ago a person was deemed crazy for wanting a suburban or other big truck... now its cool .. I was just looking on Chevys website.. their best economy truck gets 22mpg.. and the stupidest thing,... it states... "Silverado 2500HD and 3500 models are not rated for fuel economy." gee i wonder why the 1500 hd model is rated at 9mpg Ray J I know my family is much safer in my 3/4 ton trucks, than my Geo Metro! Because I see the accidents first hand, frequently. I can safely say THE BIG VEHICLE ALWAYS WINS! ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] Filtering before use
a coffee filter or a sock... talcum powder is about 10 microns standard table salt is at least 100 microns beach sand is at least 200 microns. I buy filter bags from McMaster-Carrpage 328 in their online catalog they are just a few $ http://www.mcmaster.com/ or try this part # to get to the correct page 5162K83 Brent S wrote: How should I filter my bio diesel after washing and before I use it? I am thinking that a paper coffee filter is over kill(not to mention slow). Would a nylon stocking work? Brent ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] Ethanol runs mini hydogen fuel cells
cell phone and laptops well over a year ago here in the US or it might have been in Canada. the stuff should be on the shelves by now !!! ... I think its all a big conspiracy the battery companys are now suppressing the introduction of these things... just the same as big oil has been for years... :-) Ray J Thomas Mountain wrote: The Japanese have developed small hydrogen fuel cells using ethanol stored in a container based on the disposable cigarette lighter technology to power small appliances like laptop computers etc. Obviously, to be able to produce your own ethanol and run hydrogen fuel cells with it is a major advance in power production and sustainability, and should be the basis for a new transportation breakthrough in power plant technology. Has anyone heard anything more on this, I only saw a television documentary on the matter? selam, tom ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] Biofuel and my home oil furnace.
mainly for burning motor oil and tranny fluid type oils... Im not sure if most are suitable for wvo.. theres a yahoo group http://groups.yahoo.com/group/altfuelfurnace/ that is experimenting with making there own waste oil burners.. with most people there burning wvo the problem is that wvo needs to be heated to a pretty high temperature to spray properly and burn properly most people running right around 300degrees F Ray J Tim Smith wrote: I was asking around in my group of friends and found out that one of them had a family garage that used to heat it's self with a waist oil furnace. Apparently with that furnace you could use "any used oil" which they believed would burn SVO or WVO. Of course this was sort of a word of mouth thing an I can't really get a chance to verify it. However, a quick google shows a lot of info out there. http://www.google.com/search?q=waste+oil+furnace ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] Biofuel and my home oil furnace.
:-( :-( :-( :-( and U should look in the archives.. this has been covered many times.. In several cases the biodiesel eats pump seals (rubber), no there is no differnt ones in the usa as of yet... some big burner company is supossidly going to release a bio D rated pump soon though .. and also its viscosity is not low enough to burn properly without heating the fuel at the nozzle... Ray J Tim Smith wrote: Hello all, I'm not sure if this topic has been touched on but has any one tried running their home furnace on biofuel? I know that my fuel oil and diesel are prety close to being the same thing, so would biofuel run in there as well? If so, is it legal in the states to do so? I know that heating oil has a dye in it to stop people from using their $1.19 a gallon home heating fuel oil in their diesel car instead of the $2.50 a gallon diesel fuel they are supposed to. Lastly if it works and is leagal, are there any long term tests of using biofuel in a home furnace? Cheers, Tim ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] Anyone read about Nanosolar yet?
yeah... thats like 2.4 mega watts from 1 panel?? 120" X 168" =20,160 sq inches... 20,160" X 110watts = 2,217,600 watts sounds like dreamland to me 10x14 pannel thats gives u 20,000amps at 110vdccan u say the end of oil.. Thompson, Mark L. (PNB R&D) wrote: Try again on the wattage rating. 120/sq_in is a bit high. Mark -Original Message- From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of Patrick Campbell Sent: Monday, February 28, 2005 8:54 AM To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] Subject: [Biofuel] Anyone read about Nanosolar yet? http://www.nanosolar.com/products.htm The flagship product, Nanosolar SolarPly, is a 14 feet x 10 feet solar electricity module delivering 120 watts per square inch at 110V. The company is now offering solar panels at below $1 per peak watt. Almost sounds too good to be true compared to traditional solar voltaic panels. ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] Automotive Black Box
inductive loop sensors in the road, or they are on timers ... not too many on cameras .. many traffic lights have sensors up by them that can detect the strobe lights on emergency vehicles and change the light to let them passwhich many people may mistake for cameras... Ray Doug Younker wrote: Well... Cameras are used to control traffic signals. This is not to say they couldn't have dual or even multiple purpose uses. What isn't funny is how petty thieves will screw up a "good" thing and end up paying more. Doug - Original Message - From: "Anti-Fossil" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> To: <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Sent: Sunday, February 06, 2005 8:00 PM Subject: Re: [Biofuel] Automotive Black Box : Hi Luc, : : Yes, I can see how they might have an issue with that. Isn't it funny how : skipping out on paying for services really seems to get peoples attention? : I know when I was still in Texas up until 1999, in the Houston area, they : were installing those wonderful (dripping with sarcasm) little cameras on : every traffic light they could find. A little freaky if you ask me. : : AntiFossil : Mike Krafka : Minnesota USA ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] Automotive Black Box
will "fine" you for speeding in there cars And these GPS Cellular systems are in almost all big over the road trucking compay rigs... I have done this with my own car with amateur radio equipment and a gps... its so easy its scary... Ray J info wrote: Hi, Car rental companies have been using a version of the black box to record speed and other factors, giving them a record of the renters driving habits. If you have to rent a car, you may want to be aware of this practice. There is no such thing as privacy anymore, regards tallex ---Original Message--- >This data can only be subpoenaed by a court of law AFAIK. It is only >kept for a few seconds leading up to when airbags are deployed. Beyond >that, nobody would be able to find out anything even if they wanted to. That is because the loop is only that long and old data is written over. There is no reason max values cannot be stored separately. May have warranty implications. Do not exceed so many rpm etc. It is a 2 edged sword. Some good may result but at what point do we sacrifice all privacy? --Kirk ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] Automotive Black Box
computer.. its hooked to sensors and looks at your speed and how fast the car is stopping.. if the car is stopping very fast... hitting somthing solid at speeds above 20 miles an hour or so the computer records the last few seconds of information on throttle position, brake line pressures, wheel speed and stuff like that.. There does not have to be a crash though... anytime the wheels lock or veloicity changes quickly the computer will record info thinking there might be a crash and it might have to set off the airbags.. . It does not always record what you are doing.. It is not really big brother watching. but thay have used in information in court before to hold people liable in crashes... But I would watch out for that onstar system... gps and a cellular relay to give your speed, position, unlock your doors... i would be sure big brother has his nose in there... Ray J ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] Global Warming Approaching Point of No Return, Warns Leading Climate Expert
ocean current is messed up from global warming from greenhouse gases... and this causes totally wird weather kinda like 4 hurricanes in a month in Florida this year... well probbly not.. The time span in the movie was a little unrealistic...normal to ice age in a few days.. It could make a person think... And It did, Some people who seen the movie freeked out, thinking this actually going to happen at any time.. they had to issue warnings that this was a work of fiction and events would not happen like in the movie.. RayJ Appal Energy wrote: Considering the fact that the sun only radiates so much heat per minute, hour, day or year, your "colder than normal" means that someone else has a "hotter than normal." And due to the fact that neither "hotter than normal" and "colder than normal" are exactly quantitative in their expression, it's all rather hard to put much weight on such itinerate "data." Doesn't mean that you can't have a difficult time believing it. But nor does it mean that just because something gets stuck in one's craw that it's not a reality. Think global warming's bad? Wait till you see global cooling. http://www.commondreams.org/views04/0130-11.htm ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] New bio dieseler
"practiceing my titration and making small 1 liter batches in a blender from fresh canola oil bought from the corner store" I thought a person does not have to titrate new oil.. it's always very close to the same 3.5 g/ltr i believe.. Yes you should still wash to remove leftover methoxide mixture stuff.. and yes cold is bad.. processing and washing should done at above normal room temperatures.. Ray J Vincent zadworny wrote: hi everyone, i am just starting out on this crazy journey into alternate feuls. i have been practiceing my titration and making small 1 liter batches in a blender from fresh canola oil bought from the corner store. it all seems to be going great. after settling over night the liquids seperate into two layers no shadow or middle layer. i left one batch sitting for about 2 weeks and the diesel became transparent. Question #1 - do i still have to wash this transparent diesel??? titrated some WVO and did a test batch of it too. the first time my math was off and i used to little lye, realized my mistake and made up a second. this time it seemed to work but doesn't pass the 150ml quality test on the JTF site. it didn't seperate in the alloted time but after settling over night it did. Question #2 - i and working in a cold wearhouse. could that be the problem?? any help would be welcomed Vincent Zadworny Vancouver, Canada - Post your free ad now! Yahoo! Canada Personals ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] question regarding gas fired water heaters?
most people are trying to get a good coating.. Ray J... Anti-Fossil wrote: Can anyone tell me 1) what the lining inside a natural gas fired water heater tank is made of, and 2) are there any known ways of removing it without damaging the tank beneath? I am in the very early stages of helping a neighbor build a waste oil heater. He has a surplus of these tanks, but very little in the way of money. Since I have already built one, and it is still working just fine I agreed to help him build his. All these plans are on temporary hold though because neither of us genius's knew that these tanks were lined. Oh well, plenty of time for more planning and perhaps one more beer. Any info or guidance will be greatly appreciated. AntiFossil Mike Krafka Minnesota USA * "If you think you are too small to make a difference try sleeping with a mosquito." Dalai Lama * "Experience is the comb that nature gives us when we are bald." Belgian proverb * ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/ ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
Re: [Biofuel] reactor lineing
person find them.?? Ray J Legal Eagle wrote: G'day JL; I tried getting feedback on that question without success. IMO it would be much simpler to just get one of those already lined "food grade" 200 liter metal drums. I don't know how the lining would hold up to reactor mixing, however I am still hoping to get some sort of reply/educated guess as to the viability of using this later as a second settling tank and/or wash tank, of the Standpipe Design. Should all else fail I shall ___ Biofuel mailing list [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://wwia.org/mailman/listinfo.cgi/biofuel Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Biofuel archives at Infoarchive.net (searchable): http://infoarchive.net/sgroup/biofuel/
