Re: [Biofuel] ethanol from animal waste
Helo Because pig waste has 80 porcent water , biogasification will be the correct choice followed by termal cracking/gasification .Thus the energy input can be minized as rapid bioconversion is also the comercial process. Energy balance can make the etanol process less competitive related with natural gas compression , which is simple , can be built easily with suatianble coproducts. The the effluents is rich 2 time in protein as animal feed can be much more sustainable to prevent polution sd Panniselvam P V On 7/9/05, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Robert mentioned his concern over the masses of animal waste pouring into the rivers. I found these articles showing how in N Carolina they are starting to make pig waste into ethanol. Has anyone researched this area? Marilyn http://mark.asci.ncsu.edu/SwineReports/2001/03manbrett.htm Formation of Fuel-Grade Ethanol from Swine Waste via Gasification B. Kaspers, J. Koger, R. Gould[1], A. Wossink[2], R. Edens[2], and T. van Kempen Summary The objective of this project is to investigate the application of gasification technologies to the treatment of swine waste for the ultimate production of fuel-grade ethanol. This waste treatment system would reduce the negative environmental impact of current manure management systems. The research objectives are: 1) to develop and test a system for harvesting swine manure in a form dry enough to be used as a gasification feedstock, 2) to establish the feasibility and the gasification conditions for the swine waste/amendments feedstock, 3) to characterize the end products of gasification (ethanol and mineral ash) and their potential markets, and 4) to conduct a rigorous economic analysis on the entire swine manure management model to determine its feasibility along with the factors that promote or impede its implementation. Introduction Ethanol production (primarily via fermentative methods) from crops and other renewable biomass sources has received much attention recently, but the current approach has problems. Mainly, crop-based feedstocks are subject to seasonal fluctuations in supply, ultimately limiting ethanol generation. Such feedstocks necessitate either lengthy storage of the perishable plant materials or stopping ethanol production altogether during the off-season. Another dilemma faced is that some of the feedstocks currently used in ethanol production (e.g. corn stubble) have a greater value elsewhere (e.g. fertilizer). More specifically, the energy cost in harvesting these feedstocks (e.g. corn stubble) as well as their lost value as soil amendments makes ethanol production costly to farmers (Pimental, 1992). Animal manures avoid many of these problems because they are a truly renewable feedstock. The quantity of swine manure produced in the U.S, estimated at 5 billion kg dry matter per year, is sufficient to contribute substantially to ethanol supplies. Assuming a conversion efficiency of 40%, there is a theoretical ethanol yield of 500 million gallons per year. North Carolina is the second largest hog-producing state within the U.S. with a swine population large enough for gasification technology to be feasible. Thus, ethanol production of 80 million gallons per year should theoretically be attainable. The most recent RFA (Renewable Fuels Association) Ethanol Report (May 11, 2000) concludes that replacing corn with less expensive feedstocks will result in substantial reductions in ethanol production costs. Gasification of biomass has received much attention as a means to convert waste materials to a variety of energy forms (i.e. electricity, combustible gases, synfuels, various fuel alcohols, etc.). Gasification is a two-step, endothermic process in which solid fuel is thermochemically converted into a low or medium Btu gas. Pyrolysis (Step 1) of the biomass is followed by either direct or indirect oxygen-deprived combustion (Step 2) during the gasification process. This process converts raw biomass into a combustible gas, retaining 60-70 % of the feedstock's original energy content. Thermochem's steam reformer is the system we are investigating to gasify our feedstock because this type of gasifier produces a hydrogen-rich, medium-Btu fuel gas. This gasifier design percolates superheated steam through an indirectly heated inert fluidized bed of sand or a mineral material. The organic feedstock injected into the bed undergoes a rapid sequence of pyrolysis and vaporization reactions. Higher hydrocarbons released among the pyrolysis products are steam cracked and partially reformed to produce low molecular weight species. This process produces a gas with nearly immeasurable environmental emissions of NOx, SOx, CO, and particulates. The main reason this particular gasifier design is favored is because of its hydrogen to carbon ratio (2:1) is ideal for ethanol synthesis. A
Re: [Biofuel] ethanol from animal waste
I live in an area that has large numbers of dairy farms. Does anyone know If this is possible with dairy cattle waste? Thanks, Steve --- Pannirselvam P.V [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Helo Because pig waste has 80 porcent water , biogasification will be the correct choice followed by termal cracking/gasification .Thus the energy input can be minized as rapid bioconversion is also the comercial process. Energy balance can make the etanol process less competitive related with natural gas compression , which is simple , can be built easily with suatianble coproducts. The the effluents is rich 2 time in protein as animal feed can be much more sustainable to prevent polution sd Panniselvam P V On 7/9/05, [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote: Robert mentioned his concern over the masses of animal waste pouring into the rivers. I found these articles showing how in N Carolina they are starting to make pig waste into ethanol. Has anyone researched this area? Marilyn http://mark.asci.ncsu.edu/SwineReports/2001/03manbrett.htm Formation of Fuel-Grade Ethanol from Swine Waste via Gasification B. Kaspers, J. Koger, R. Gould[1], A. Wossink[2], R. Edens[2], and T. van Kempen Summary The objective of this project is to investigate the application of gasification technologies to the treatment of swine waste for the ultimate production of fuel-grade ethanol. This waste treatment system would reduce the negative environmental impact of current manure management systems. The research objectives are: 1) to develop and test a system for harvesting swine manure in a form dry enough to be used as a gasification feedstock, 2) to establish the feasibility and the gasification conditions for the swine waste/amendments feedstock, 3) to characterize the end products of gasification (ethanol and mineral ash) and their potential markets, and 4) to conduct a rigorous economic analysis on the entire swine manure management model to determine its feasibility along with the factors that promote or impede its implementation. Introduction Ethanol production (primarily via fermentative methods) from crops and other renewable biomass sources has received much attention recently, but the current approach has problems. Mainly, crop-based feedstocks are subject to seasonal fluctuations in supply, ultimately limiting ethanol generation. Such feedstocks necessitate either lengthy storage of the perishable plant materials or stopping ethanol production altogether during the off-season. Another dilemma faced is that some of the feedstocks currently used in ethanol production (e.g. corn stubble) have a greater value elsewhere (e.g. fertilizer). More specifically, the energy cost in harvesting these feedstocks (e.g. corn stubble) as well as their lost value as soil amendments makes ethanol production costly to farmers (Pimental, 1992). Animal manures avoid many of these problems because they are a truly renewable feedstock. The quantity of swine manure produced in the U.S, estimated at 5 billion kg dry matter per year, is sufficient to contribute substantially to ethanol supplies. Assuming a conversion efficiency of 40%, there is a theoretical ethanol yield of 500 million gallons per year. North Carolina is the second largest hog-producing state within the U.S. with a swine population large enough for gasification technology to be feasible. Thus, ethanol production of 80 million gallons per year should theoretically be attainable. The most recent RFA (Renewable Fuels Association) Ethanol Report (May 11, 2000) concludes that replacing corn with less expensive feedstocks will result in substantial reductions in ethanol production costs. Gasification of biomass has received much attention as a means to convert waste materials to a variety of energy forms (i.e. electricity, combustible gases, synfuels, various fuel alcohols, etc.). Gasification is a two-step, endothermic process in which solid fuel is thermochemically converted into a low or medium Btu gas. Pyrolysis (Step 1) of the biomass is followed by either direct or indirect oxygen-deprived combustion (Step 2) during the gasification process. This process converts raw biomass into a combustible gas, retaining 60-70 % of the feedstock's original energy content. Thermochem's steam reformer is the system we are investigating to gasify our feedstock because this type of gasifier produces a hydrogen-rich, medium-Btu fuel gas. This gasifier design percolates superheated steam through an indirectly heated inert fluidized bed of sand or a mineral material. The organic feedstock injected into the bed undergoes a rapid sequence of pyrolysis and vaporization reactions. Higher hydrocarbons released among the pyrolysis
Re: [Biofuel] ethanol from animal waste
The message I sent was truncated so it did not include the following contact info at the end: Ethanol Producer Magazine 308 2nd Ave. North Suite 304 Grand Forks, ND 58203 (701)746-8385 Fax:(701)746-5367 Voice Toll Free: 866-746-8385 Also, one of the authors of the article at the university in NC has the following contact info: Dr. Theo A. van Kempen Assistant Professor Swine Nutrition and Nutrient Management Extension | Research Ph: 919-515-4016 | Fax: 919-515-7780 | E-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED] These should help lead you to the info you want. Gook luck Marilyn Biofuel@sustainablelists.org wrote: I live in an area that has large numbers of dairy farms. Does anyone know If this is possible with dairy cattle waste? Thanks, Steve ___ Biofuel mailing list Biofuel@sustainablelists.org http://sustainablelists.org/mailman/listinfo/biofuel_sustainablelists.org Biofuel at Journey to Forever: http://journeytoforever.org/biofuel.html Search the combined Biofuel and Biofuels-biz list archives (50,000 messages): http://www.mail-archive.com/biofuel@sustainablelists.org/
[Biofuel] ethanol from animal waste
Robert mentioned his concern over the masses of animal waste pouring into the rivers. I found these articles showing how in N Carolina they are starting to make pig waste into ethanol. Has anyone researched this area? Marilyn http://mark.asci.ncsu.edu/SwineReports/2001/03manbrett.htm Formation of Fuel-Grade Ethanol from Swine Waste via Gasification B. Kaspers, J. Koger, R. Gould[1], A. Wossink[2], R. Edens[2], and T. van Kempen Summary The objective of this project is to investigate the application of gasification technologies to the treatment of swine waste for the ultimate production of fuel-grade ethanol. This waste treatment system would reduce the negative environmental impact of current manure management systems. The research objectives are: 1) to develop and test a system for harvesting swine manure in a form dry enough to be used as a gasification feedstock, 2) to establish the feasibility and the gasification conditions for the swine waste/amendments feedstock, 3) to characterize the end products of gasification (ethanol and mineral ash) and their potential markets, and 4) to conduct a rigorous economic analysis on the entire swine manure management model to determine its feasibility along with the factors that promote or impede its implementation. Introduction Ethanol production (primarily via fermentative methods) from crops and other renewable biomass sources has received much attention recently, but the current approach has problems. Mainly, crop-based feedstocks are subject to seasonal fluctuations in supply, ultimately limiting ethanol generation. Such feedstocks necessitate either lengthy storage of the perishable plant materials or stopping ethanol production altogether during the off-season. Another dilemma faced is that some of the feedstocks currently used in ethanol production (e.g. corn stubble) have a greater value elsewhere (e.g. fertilizer). More specifically, the energy cost in harvesting these feedstocks (e.g. corn stubble) as well as their lost value as soil amendments makes ethanol production costly to farmers (Pimental, 1992). Animal manures avoid many of these problems because they are a truly renewable feedstock. The quantity of swine manure produced in the U.S, estimated at 5 billion kg dry matter per year, is sufficient to contribute substantially to ethanol supplies. Assuming a conversion efficiency of 40%, there is a theoretical ethanol yield of 500 million gallons per year. North Carolina is the second largest hog-producing state within the U.S. with a swine population large enough for gasification technology to be feasible. Thus, ethanol production of 80 million gallons per year should theoretically be attainable. The most recent RFA (Renewable Fuels Association) Ethanol Report (May 11, 2000) concludes that replacing corn with less expensive feedstocks will result in substantial reductions in ethanol production costs. Gasification of biomass has received much attention as a means to convert waste materials to a variety of energy forms (i.e. electricity, combustible gases, synfuels, various fuel alcohols, etc.). Gasification is a two-step, endothermic process in which solid fuel is thermochemically converted into a low or medium Btu gas. Pyrolysis (Step 1) of the biomass is followed by either direct or indirect oxygen-deprived combustion (Step 2) during the gasification process. This process converts raw biomass into a combustible gas, retaining 60-70 % of the feedstock's original energy content. Thermochems steam reformer is the system we are investigating to gasify our feedstock because this type of gasifier produces a hydrogen-rich, medium-Btu fuel gas. This gasifier design percolates superheated steam through an indirectly heated inert fluidized bed of sand or a mineral material. The organic feedstock injected into the bed undergoes a rapid sequence of pyrolysis and vaporization reactions. Higher hydrocarbons released among the pyrolysis products are steam cracked and partially reformed to produce low molecular weight species. This process produces a gas with nearly immeasurable environmental emissions of NOx, SOx, CO, and particulates. The main reason this particular gasifier design is favored is because of its hydrogen to carbon ratio (2:1) is ideal for ethanol synthesis. A recent cost and performance analysis of biomass (i.e. wood) gasification systems for combined power generation indicated that such a steam system (Battelle Columbus Laboratory) had the lowest capital cost and product electricity cost (Craig and Mann, 1997). There is an intensive effort, especially in North Carolina, to develop a better waste management strategy. The ultimate goal of this project is to eliminate the land application of lagoon effluent. The elimination of this waste via gasification would abolish the need for land application of waste. The primary obstacle to
