Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

bro...@pacific.net said: > Isotopes of an element differ in the number of neutrons.  The chemical > reactions of an element are governed by the electrons, which are the same > for all isotopes, so chemical means can not be used to separate the > isotopes. That needs a qualification, maybe inser

Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

Good questions. The one that bothers me is the magnetic levitation required to compare the standard to anything. You can't put other materials inside the vacuum bell with the standard. I looked up the paper, but it's behind a $40 pay-wall. Electromagnets will levitate permanent magnets, but the e

Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

Hi Quartz ball yes. It’s a fused quartz (as opposed to crystalline quartz) ball ….. Fused quartz is a lot easier to work with. In order to be piezoelectric, it must be crystalline. The piezo properties are what lets you make a resonator out of it. Bob > On Apr 22, 2018, at 6:28 PM, Brooke Cla

Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

Hi: I found a perfect quartz ball.  It took Stanford many decades to make it. https://einstein.stanford.edu/TECH/technology1.html -- Have Fun, Brooke Clarke http://www.PRC68.com http://www.end2partygovernment.com/2012Issues.html Original Message Hi: Isotopes of an element d

Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

Hi If you get into “temperature nuts” territory, the triple point of water varies with the isotope “mix” in the standard. The “correct” mix turns out to be “mid continent deep well water”. If you make a resonator that is very thick, you also need to make it very wide. If you don’t, the widt

Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

On 4/22/2018 10:20 AM, Bob kb8tq wrote: Do we know anybody in the quartz business who needs a really cool research project ? You could put it on the list with the 1 Kg quartz resonator proposal ….. https://tf.nist.gov/general/pdf/2638.pdf Also an o

Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

Hi: Isotopes of an element differ in the number of neutrons.  The chemical reactions of an element are governed by the electrons, which are the same for all isotopes, so chemical means can not be used to separate the isotopes. There are a number of ways of making the separation, for Uranium see

[time-nuts] 1 kg standard (was:Re: Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?)

A neophyte question about this topic: Since we know that 0.001 cubic meter of water displaces 1 liter, and that it weighs 1 kg, and meters are based on wavelengths of light, why do we need a separate artifact of mass? Also, can we measure the mass of the artifact in Paris based on water substitu

Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

Hi > On Apr 22, 2018, at 1:46 PM, jimlux wrote: > > On 4/22/18 9:19 AM, Poul-Henning Kamp wrote: >> Silicon comes in a number of isotopes but 95% of it is Silicon-28. >> When you make pure mono-crystaline silicon, you get 50-60% better >> thermal conductivity if you only use Silicon-28 atoms. >>

[time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

Single isotope diamond is 50% better thermal conductivity of normal diamond. It has been used in laser optics and thermal transfer applications (semiconductor heatsinks). I think the highest reported thermal transfer rate used isotopically pure diamond etched with micro-fluidic channels fe

Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

Darn. maybe not grain boundaries, but dislocations? or both? Don On 2018-04-22 10:19, Poul-Henning Kamp wrote: Silicon comes in a number of isotopes but 95% of it is Silicon-28. When you make pure mono-crystaline silicon, you get 50-60% better thermal conductivity if you only use Silicon-28 ato

Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

On 4/22/18 9:19 AM, Poul-Henning Kamp wrote: Silicon comes in a number of isotopes but 95% of it is Silicon-28. When you make pure mono-crystaline silicon, you get 50-60% better thermal conductivity if you only use Silicon-28 atoms. Yes, you read that right: 50-60% improvement for removing the

Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

Interesting indeed! Seems as if there ought to be info about drawing crystals mono vs poly isotopic somewhere out there. Also some info about crystal grain boundaries that might be generated in a zone furnace drawing by isotope inclusions. Seems the boundaries are responsible for the sudden fr

Re: [time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

Hi > On Apr 22, 2018, at 12:19 PM, Poul-Henning Kamp wrote: > > Silicon comes in a number of isotopes but 95% of it is Silicon-28. > > When you make pure mono-crystaline silicon, you get 50-60% better > thermal conductivity if you only use Silicon-28 atoms. > > Yes, you read that right: 50-6

[time-nuts] Better quartz crystals with single isotope ?

Silicon comes in a number of isotopes but 95% of it is Silicon-28. When you make pure mono-crystaline silicon, you get 50-60% better thermal conductivity if you only use Silicon-28 atoms. Yes, you read that right: 50-60% improvement for removing the remaining 5% other silicon isotopes, and for t