[tips] Lillienfield Article on Why Ineffective Therapies Appear to Work

2015-07-25 Thread Mike Palij

Just a couple of points.  I apologize for the grumpiness of my
response because this is my first email response on a Saturday
morning on a beautiful summer morning (i.e., I'd rather be doing
something else), I haven't finished my first cup of coffee yet,
and the morning meds haven't kicked in yet. ;-)

(1) As a courtesy to others, it would be a fine gesture if a poster
who is singing the praises of some published research and
extolling others to read it do one simple thing: Provide the reference
and/or a link to the article.  For the sake of clarity, I believe the
following is the reference for the article being discussed below:

Lilienfeld, S. O., Ritschel, L. A., Lynn, S. J., Cautin, R. L.,  
Latzman,

R. D. (2014). Why Ineffective Psychotherapies Appear to Work
A Taxonomy of Causes of Spurious Therapeutic Effectiveness.
Perspectives on Psychological Science, 9(4), 355-387.

If indeed this is the article in question, one can access the article
on the publisher's website; see:
http://pps.sagepub.com/content/9/4/355.short
NOTE: If you are a member of APS, you can get the article for
free, otherwise you'll have to get it through your institution (if
it subscribed to the journal or the Sage group of journals).

However, on scholar.google.com (where I found the article)
there is a link to a PDF of the article which provides the article for 
free:

netdna-cdn.com
The link above may not work from this post because from
scholar.google.com it opens to a page with a much longer URL.
Moreover, because I do not know who put the PDF there (it
could have been ONE of the authors but maybe not) nor do
I have any idea who is hosting the website.

In sum, I can understand fanboys being super-enthusiastic about
something they have just read or watched or heard, but I must plead
with you:  if you are going to refer to some published work, please
avoid the bad habits that the popular mass media engage in when
describing that published work, that is. PROVIDE A REFERENCE.

NOTE: I now have the article but have not read it yet, so I am
responding mainly to posts below and the abstract of the article.

(2)  Another reason for providing the reference for a research article
that one is raving about is to help the reader to better understand
where the ideas and analysis came from.  If Scott Lilienfeld were
sole author on the paper then I think the praise heaped upon him
below is appropriate. Problem is that he is not.  Here's the full list
of authors from the PPS website:

Scott O. Lilienfeld1
Lorie A. Ritschel2,3
Steven Jay Lynn4
Robin L. Cautin5
Robert D. Latzman6
1 Department of Psychology, Emory University
2 Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
33 C Institute, Cary, NC
4 Department of Psychology, Binghamton University
5 Department of Psychology, Manhattanville College
6 Department of Psychology, Georgia State University

Now, perhaps Scott did ALL of the work on the article as well as
provide the pizza and munchies for meetings with the co-authors
when they met to discuss the writing of the paper.  Then again,
maybe some of the other authors actually did make a contribution
which should be acknowledge.
.
It has become the practice of some journals now to provide a
section that identifies what each author contributed to the article
in order to provide information on (a) why the order of authors is
what it is, (b) if an author contributed only to one or two sections
instead writing for all sections, it might be important for a reader
to which sections these were, if for no other reason than plausible
deniability (e.g., Steven Pinker was co-author on a paper where
the data apparently was made-up; when asked how he could not
have known this, he responded that he only contributed to the
introduction and discussion and nothing to do with the data analysis).

Unfortunately, the journal Perspective on Psychological Science (PPS)
has not yet adopted this policy, so, it id difficult to determine who
contributed what and which persons are listed as co-author because
(i) the person in charge owed a researcher for previous researcher
and put that person's name on the paper as restitution (I know of
at least one instance where this has happened; I had an awkward
conversation with the head researcher how the hell did so and
so's name get on the manuscript since he had not done anything),
(ii) a person's lab or clinic or institution or access to their 
population
was their contribution and in return they get a co-authorship in 
exchange

(again, I know of at least one instance where this has happened),
and (iii) a head of a research group may only read the final manuscript
and provide comments and expect a co-authorship instead of an
acknowledgement in a footnote (how else do expect an author
get 400 publications per year?).

So, I can understand that some people may be enthusiastic about
the article and that Scott sometimes posts here (Hi Scott!) but maybe
Tipsters, as teachers of how sources are to be 

[tips] Lillienfield Article on Why Ineffective Therapies Appear to Work

2015-07-25 Thread Mike Wiliams
I found the article a superb summary on all the possible defects of 
psychotherapy outcome research.


I succumbs to many of the defects it summarizes by asserting that any of 
the research method fixes actually fix anything.
They fail for two major reasons: 1) self-report measures (e.g. Beck 
Depression Inventory), the backbone of all dependent
measures used in outcome research, are not independent observations or 
measurements. Human participants are not
passive agents in the research study, providing objective assessments of 
their mental state.  2) Humans are interactive as
they participate in the study.  They form ideas about which treatment 
they are experiencing.  It is easy to tell when you are
in the control group.  The IRB occasionally gets complaints from 
subjects because they were assigned to the control
condition and they expected free treatment.  This factor makes it 
impossible to have a blinded study of psychotherapy.
This also applies to outcome studies of psychotropic medications. If you 
have a dry mouth and constipation, you are in
the drug treatment group.  There has never been a double-blind study of 
psychotherapy outcome.  For this reason, even
the empirically validated studies are not valid.  I honestly don't 
know how to solve these problems.  The first step might
be to recognize that humans will never behave like passive laboratory 
rats and just survey them concerning factors like
expectation bias.  How large an effect on self-report measures does 
expectation bias produce?  It is as large as the effects

stated in the past as treatment effects?

Mike Williams
Drexel University



On 7/25/15 1:00 AM, Teaching in the Psychological Sciences (TIPS) digest 
wrote:

Subject: Lillienfield Article on Why Ineffective Therapies Appear to Work
From: Michael Brittmich...@thepsychfiles.com
Date: Fri, 24 Jul 2015 15:59:21 -0400
X-Message-Number: 2

Just finished discussing this article on my podcast:

Why Ineffective Psychotherapies Appear to Work: A Taxonomy of Causes of 
Spurious Therapeutic Effectiveness
http://www.latzmanlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Lilienfeld-et-al-2014-CSTEs.pdf  
http://www.latzmanlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Lilienfeld-et-al-2014-CSTEs.pdf

Really worth reading.  I’d go so far as to say that it might be considered 
required reading for grad students studying to be therapists.  We all know how 
many pseudo-scientific therapies there are out there.  If we can’t conduct 
good research on them then we might as well at least be aware of some of the 
reasons why we think they work when they don’t.

Anyway, great article Scott and colleagues.

Michael

Michael A. Britt, Ph.D.
mich...@thepsychfiles.com
http://www.ThePsychFiles.com
Twitter: @mbritt





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[tips] Lillienfield Article on Why Ineffective Therapies Appear to Work

2015-07-24 Thread Michael Britt
Just finished discussing this article on my podcast:

Why Ineffective Psychotherapies Appear to Work: A Taxonomy of Causes of 
Spurious Therapeutic Effectiveness
http://www.latzmanlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Lilienfeld-et-al-2014-CSTEs.pdf
 
http://www.latzmanlab.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Lilienfeld-et-al-2014-CSTEs.pdf

Really worth reading.  I’d go so far as to say that it might be considered 
required reading for grad students studying to be therapists.  We all know how 
many pseudo-scientific therapies there are out there.  If we can’t conduct good 
research on them then we might as well at least be aware of some of the reasons 
why we think they work when they don’t.

Anyway, great article Scott and colleagues.

Michael

Michael A. Britt, Ph.D.
mich...@thepsychfiles.com
http://www.ThePsychFiles.com
Twitter: @mbritt




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