One effect that might explain what you describe is
garbage collection. If you have 2 instances of tomcat
each of them needs less memory than one tomcat handling 
the same amount of traffic. If you have the same max
heap size in both test cases the garbage collection will 
happen less frequently. If you decrease the heapsize 
for the two instance test the gc will be faster.

If this is the reason you can try to play with the 
different gc variants and parameters of the vm.

Sun has some background and advice at:
http://java.sun.com/docs/hotspot/gc/
http://java.sun.com/products/hotspot/whitepaper.html

Also javaworld:
http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-01-2002/jw-0111-hotspotgc.html


Another guess is that with two tomcats you get
around synchronized code block that serialize
request that hit this blocks. (If there is 
something done in this block that isn't 100% 
cpu like IO/Database)

To verify that you would need a good profiler.

If this is the case you can try to reduce the time 
that is spent in such code blocks. (In your own code and
in the tomcat code (Good luck if you try the later)).

Third guess: this behaviour could indicate that
the thread implementation isn't optimal on your 
combination of os and vm.

Not much chances in this case :(

Ralph Einfeldt
Uptime Internet Solution Center GmbH
Hamburg, Germany
Hosting, Content Management, Java Consulting
http://www.uptime-isc.de 

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Carlos J. Ramos [mailto:cjramos@;genasys.com]
> Sent: Wednesday, October 30, 2002 4:30 PM
> To: Tomcat Users List
> Subject: Dual tomcat 3.3.1 behaviour.
> 
> 
> Each test I done outperform old architecture in order of 20%...
> 
> Why? As I think, a dual tomcat configuration must be slower due to
> double memory consumption, but figures show me opposite... żis this
> normal? żmay I increase the number of java threads, memory... for one
> tomcat in order to get the old architecture works as fine as this
> "strange" one?....
> 

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