Hello John and top banders.
I have been hearing what appears to be the same on/off carrier
transmission. I also hear one up near 1830 at the same time. The same slow
CW tones. I believe these transmissions to be a form of QRSS or Very slow
CW. We had an offending signal we thought was a stuck
Hi Guys, I have just updated my antenna comparison chart with some
enlightening plots that show antenna comparison in 3D.
Interestingly enough my experience is as you get to the higher RDF antennas
each dB seems to be very important.
Frank is quite right , One can never have enough receiving
Wonder why the TOGA map shows all that below the equator activity and 2 that
show the equator of the others do not.
Seems strange to me.
Lee K7TJR
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
I was super pleased to work Ken K4ZW on 160 this morning while he is in XZ as
XZ4ZW.
Ken had been trying to work North America for three days when the band
finally opened a bit
and several West coast stations are in the log. Best signals seem to be 1 hour
before sunrise here.
Look for him
My friend Rich K7ZV just corrected me on Kens call. I been up at 3 a.m. for
3 days.
His call is XW4ZW not XZ4. Sorry guys for the typo. Back to sleep.
Lee K7TJR OR
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Tree and all the folks,
It was 0430Z when I knew for sure I was hearing the VP8 station. The
first thing recognizable earlier from the SE direction was the 5NN timed
about 1 QSO apart. At about 0445 Z the signal was about 70 % copyable
between the frequency cops QRM. I heard the callsign and
Tree, the conditions to VP8 were much worse last night to my location.
I did not hear them at all last night where I had heard them briefly the night
before.
In addition, the storm noise to the SE was quite noticeable.
Dan W5XZ in TX confirmed that he had bad storm static in the area.
I
Rich uses the Hi-Z 4-8 Pro
Lee
From: Mike Waters [mailto:mikew...@gmail.com]
Sent: Saturday, January 23, 2016 11:06 AM
To: Lee STRAHAN <k7...@msn.com>
Cc: 160 <topband@contesting.com>
Subject: Re: Topband: VP8STI Humor, Design engineer trauma
Exactly what antenna was he using?
Well, it was not as if I did not know it was going to happen someday, I had
remained pretty cheeky until this time. I had often knew it was sure to come. I
have remained pretty self-content that I had invented the ultimate DX antenna
for the state of Oregon. The Hi-Z 8A. In the hours that I
Hello again Mike, Thanks for the question,
I have had as many as 4 of the directional Hi-Z and a new undisclosed
design experimental Low impedance element arrays running at one time for
comparisons. Some over 1000 feet apart.
From the plots of Eznec there is scant 1.4 dB RDF difference
Greeting top-banders and Ed,
You could simply disconnect the elements from your Hi-Z amps at each
element. This will tell you if the noise is being generated in the system or
coming in the air.
My guess from experience something some distance from you is following your
power wires.
Good
These two sites are also gone now. Hauled away for scrap. Acres of stainless
mesh wire ground plane as well.
http://www.k7tjr.com/fps118_oth_radar.htm
Lee K7TJR
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Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Hello JC and others,
I must take a little issue on being able to measure the vertical arrays.
While it may be true that it is hard to measure, you can indeed see the pattern
quite well by looking at different stations and switching around the compass.
It does not take long before you can
Ken, did you remember the 180 degree phase inversion needed on the Waller
flag.
It will act like a very large signal level single loop if not.
Lee K7TJR
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Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Greetings All,
I am afraid I have to take issue with you Wolf. And this may be a clue. I
also have experienced echoes on 160 meters. Maybe it depends on longitude or
latitude or something like that. N6TR not being too far away has also
experienced them. All that being said I am positive
Hello Gary,
Spray painting the elements is no problem. As far as mounting the amps to
the elements I would not recommend that. It likely could compromise
performance. It would be much better if you could take a steel post like a
piece of rebar and provide a second place for the amps to
Thanks John, I have been faced with this capacitive loss thing for a long
time. It became quite necessary to reduce it to make my all active HI-Z 8A
array work well. Especially with the early Hi-Z amps with 6dB loss.
Here is a list of elements of different lengths and their subsequent output
John, do your NEC4 numbers take in to account the signal that actually
arrives at the element insulators and the amplifiers with their inherent
input capacitances as a load on the element source capacitances. Or are you
using NEC gain numbers to get the 0.5 dB per foot?
Lee K7TJR
>>>A while
Hello Gary and all, The answer to your question depends on how quiet your
location is. If you have an extremely quiet location I would go with another
section of tubing for 23 feet overall with the Hi-Z. If your location is
pretty normal for noise then 18 feet or so will be fine with the Hi-Z
Actually there is a reason or two to match the feedline impedances when
using these active antennas.
There are amplifiers in most of these systems that rely on their matched
impedances to produce their best IMD capability. It may not matter in some
areas of the world but in others with high
Yes Ed, You have the right numbers. It won't matter which windings are first
or last. You can even wind 4 then wind 1 more and use it as an autotransformer
where the 1 turn is added to the 4 for 5. Any of these will work fine at these
TOP Band and higher frequencies. This ratio is not perfect
Paul, I suggest you talk to Gary KD9SV as he built a Hi-Z around his TX
antenna.
Incidentally the ground radials under the Hi-Z is not a good idea. I suspect
you would have to use NEC4 to see the real effect of the radials. I have not
made a test myself to see how close radials could be.
Hello Herb and fellow Top Banders,
When I had Beverage antennas here I was never able to read the ground
resistance here as well. The reason it did not work here is there was actually
a small DC voltage difference between grounds apparently developed by galvanic
means or currents in the
Hello Gary and Top-Banders,
Gary, I would be more inclined to think in your case you would be better off
with some radials laid out on each vertical the same way. Short verticals no
longer than the element height should help more than trying to influence the
ground conditions. Each vertical
Greetings Top-Banders, I have been away for a couple days, sorry for the late
comments.
The fact is, for me there is no definitive answer to the effect of trees on
the Hi-Z arrays. I have made tests measuring phase shifts and amplitude changes
with a variety of objects around these
Gary and others,
As I said losing 6 dB + on the 4-8 Pro by going to the smaller diameter
array down to 84.84 feet in diameter will be no problem whatsoever. There are
still many users using the arrays with the original Hi-Z amps which had a loss
of 6 dB. You are using amps with 6 dB more
When we at Hi-Z see deterioration it is often the output cable running to the
receiver where the typical aluminum shield no longer makes great contact. Also
if it's one of the Hi-Z Antennas amplifiers make sure you are seeing 4 to 5
Volts DC at the element or amplifier input. Foliage touching
Just a note that I have unclaimed the 4M1K QSO from my official log in the
contest.
My question on the reflector appeared as assistance to some in the contest. And
rightly so.
The ARRL submission AP tells you to correct the mistakes rather than remove or
unclaim them and that is NOT RIGHT!
My apologies to all the EU stations that tried to call me in the ARRL
160 contest. I have received several e-mails and comments
on the KST chat about that. (No Ears).
I have a new wood products plant that has moved in next door to me and has
raised the noise floor to Europe and North
by
That's all OK Ward but the guy on the other end will not get credit for the
correct QSO. Not right also.
I chose to mark the QSO as unclaimed as that hopefully will deal with it
correctly?
Lee K7TJR OR
>>
If the web upload app for log submission finds something in a QSO: line it
can't deal
H, Writelog lets you think you have marked a QSO as unclaimed when you
ask it to export a Cabrillo file.
Thanks for the update Tree.
Lee K7TJR
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Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Did anyone else work the station IDing as 4MJK?
The ARRL robot will not accept that call sign. I was pretty sure I had it right.
Lee K7TJR OR
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Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Bingo you guys are great. One little Dah.
TNX Lee
Did anyone else work the station IDing as 4MJK?
The ARRL robot will not accept that call sign. I was pretty sure I had it right.
Lee K7TJR OR
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Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Grant, and others.
It is sort of possible to filter high impedance type RX 4-squares. The
source impedance of a 2 foot long 1 inch dia. tubing vertical is a few ohms
resistance depending on the ground situation and approximately a 60 picofarad
series capacitance. For the Hi-Z systems the
Hello All
JC, Greg knows quite a bit about receiving on 160 meters as he has had a
Hi-Z 8 element array for some years now. Actually he has done quite well with
it. Especially when he was neighbors with our dear departed friend N4NN in
Florida.
JC, I have a question. If the Waller flag
To: JC <n...@comcast.net>; 'Lee STRAHAN' <k7...@msn.com>; 'GaryK9GS'
<garyk...@wi.rr.com>; 'Greg' <n...@windstream.net>; 'topband'
<topband@contesting.com>
Subject: Re: Topband: 160 4 square
Well I ordered one about half a year ago so if it ever comes I will be able to
c
Greetings Topband antenna guys,
As a manufacturer of shortened vertical element receiving antennas, I have
been asked the question about sloping ground many times.
It occurred to me one day that I could use Eznec to solve the question. What I
did was to slope the elements with respect to
Hello Tim and all.
The input impedance of the W7IUV amp is also highly dependent on the
negative feedback found by looking at the unbypassed base bias circuit. And
highly dependent on the size of the unbypassed emitter degeneration resistance.
There is a thorough discussion of this by
I have also seen big openings here in Oregon just prior to a big solar event.
If I recall correctly it was when I worked the A4 which is huge from the
Pacific Northwest.
Lee K7TJR
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Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
You guys should have been around for the AM versus SSB discussions/wars
without the use of the instant communication internet.
Oh my,
Lee K7TJR
_
Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
PM
To: 'Lee STRAHAN' ; mar...@ok1rr.com; topband@contesting.com
Subject: RE: Topband: Any experience with 2N3553?
The 2N5109 will be around for many years. It is widely used in the military and
space community. It is listed as a JAN part. But it ain't cheap.
73,
N2TK, Tony
-Original Mess
Hello Martin and all,
The 2N3553 device was plagued with a low Ft (high at its introduction)
making it mostly a low frequency device with questionable high gain high
frequency use in typical ham preamps. It is no longer available through the
original manufacturers. Also perhaps you are
Hello All,
I may not have seen all of the posts on this topic but will comment anyway.
Two things come to mind about this noise. Number one is you do not want to
connect the shield of the coax going to the receiver to the ground stake for
the antenna. It's important that the transformer
For any that are interested there is now even a Hyperfix wiki page where you
can hear a spot on recording of this system.
The loudest one here is near 1813KHz.
https://www.sigidwiki.com/wiki/HyperFix
Lee K7TJR OR
_
Topband Reflector Archives -
Mike and others,
Those signals are NOT fishnet beacons. They are as one here said a version
of a navigation system similar to Hyperfix. The reason you hear three "dings"
Is that there are three transmitters for each one that transmit in sequence and
the electronics aboard ship measures the
Test email please ignore.
Thanks, Lee K7TJR OR
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Topband Reflector Archives - http://www.contesting.com/_topband
Hi JC,
Not all vertical arrays are mono band. A well built 4-square on a 60 foot
per side can do a stellar job on 160, 80, and 40 meters while extending well
down into the broadcast band. The 3 element as well as the 4-square based 8
element on an 85 foot diameter circle will do the same
Greetings Top Banders,
Well we cant all agree on a 4X transformer primary rule. It depends on what
you want to do with the transformer. In this case a Beverage for 630 meters.
Driving on with the 4X rule will make you think all is well until you decide
one day to add a second Beverage and
Hello Jeff,
All those things you mention are great but times they are changing. You
would be well advised if you find an interesting place to do a noise survey on
and near the property. And consider what are the chances of urban sprawl to
bring with it the latest scourge of a plethora of
Jimmy Sullivan W7EJ (SK) had a rotary dipole up for 160 meters at his CN2R
station. You can still see the antenna as his CN2R site is still up. It came
down in a wind storm in 2009, and I have no real knowledge of how well it
worked but one might contact Dick W7ZR for information as he did
Hello Frank and All,
First you must tell us what you are expecting to make better with a Hi-Z
array. Do you want Better front to back? Do you want Front to side? Do you want
better signal to noise ratio? You want narrower beam width? Not ALL things get
better at once with size.
To
Hello JC,
There is nothing to disagree about JC, My 20 to 24 foot elements when fed
into a Hi-Z amp produce a signal that is around 20 dB less than a good TX
vertical. Your Waller flags produce a signal that is 40 to 50 dB below a TX
vertical. What I said was that because of this
Just as a reminder to all that these BCI problems can also occur at 2nd and 3rd
order IMD mixing.
Example 3rd order, one station on 1220 where 2X equals 2440 and a second
station at 620 subtracted puts a 3rd order product right on 1820 .
Another example 3rd order, is 2 stations at 600 where 2X
If I was KH6LC I would be rather offended by that comment Bruce. What does
it Really mean? Perhaps not what the words really say? KH6LC has more hard work
in his station than many.
Lee K7TJR OR
-Original Message-
From: Topband On Behalf Of F Z_Bruce
Sent: Monday, December 31,
Hello Kevin,
You would need to get a shack switch for the 3 element array and a phase
controller for the three element. All the rest would retrofit just fine except
you would have to contact me about the proper phase delay line to use with the
three. Contact me directly if you need more
Hi Al and the group
I was looking for an on to off isolation spec with the RCS8V coaxial
switch but unable to find one. I have seen where two different receiving
antennas will interact with each other if the isolation between ports on a coax
switch is not great enough. They use a single
Tree,
Would you please pass along Bob W7LR's new address. Or a phone number if you
have it. Bob and I corresponded regularly as he was one of the very first that
I designed a receiving array for quite a long time ago. It was a broadside end
fire array 320 feet wide. He later bought a 4 square
Since the inception of the Hi-Z antenna products we have recommended that
the elements be distant from foliage by at least 5 feet clearance. We have also
recommended that tall trees be 10 feet away from the elements. We have had
customers install arrays literally among forests without their
Joe and all,
Looking at the YCCC plots show all back lobes on 160 meters to be right at 20
dB down. The Hi-Z 4-square as shipped has only 2 side lobes and both are at 20
dB down with a notch directly off the back at usual 30+ dB down. Its true there
are plots around that show the -13 dB
I used to use rotary switches also but once I developed the coax switches for
Hi-Z that have 80 dB of cross port isolation. I would never go back to using a
switch or single relay with a typical cross channel isolation from their on/off
ratio being only 40 dB or so. This is especially
Rich K7ZV was reporting he was hearing Dave very light from his hilltop place
in southern OR. He was unable to make the Q. I have a pretty high noise floor
at the moment and did not hear anything except a ping or 2 at some 200 miles
North of Rich.
Sigh,
Lee K7TJR OR
-Original
for untiring dedication.
Here is the link to the recordings.
https://1drv.ms/f/s!Aic-1tUvn-65gWcEGD2tNa-JITWd
Awesome.
Lee Strahan
K7TJR
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Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
Hey Bob,
Don’t forget that you could interfere with your Hi-Z receiving array by
getting more radials close to it.
LeeK7TJR OR
-Original Message-
From: Topband On Behalf Of Chortek, Robert L.
Sent: Tuesday, April 16, 2019 10:34 AM
To: topband@contesting.com
Subject:
Hello Mark,
Yes I do read most postings on this reflector. It is a great group.
I think there is likely over 1000 of the Hi-Z amps around the world. I have no
direct knowledge of any amp damaged from locally transmitted RF with one
exception. We tried it with a lot of power really close.
I have another comparison chart here on the Hi-Z Antennas website. It has a
little more information.
https://www.hizantennas.com/receiving_antennacomparison_char.htm
Lee K7TJR
Hi-Z Antennas
-Original Message-
From: Topband On Behalf Of terry burge
Sent: Tuesday, July 30, 2019 11:44
Agreed Chuck,
I maybe read David's post differently than he meant it to read also.
This progression from TX antennas to loops to Beverages to 8 circle arrays
is exactly how Hi-Z began. It is because the 8 circle is head and shoulders
above all other choices at this location that Hi-Z
I have a Ray Jeff 680/ADF marine radio direction finder I have used for noise
location for a long time and it is in need of some maintenance.
I have looked for a schematic for years without success. If anyone has a
schematic they could share I would appreciate a copy.
Even a similar model
Hi Guys,
Assuming your verticals have a very good insulator there is NOTHING to stop
that input capacitor from charging to very high like kilovolt static voltage
levels. What I don’t understand is why leakage in that capacitor would cause
any trouble or differences if it were not even there.
Marty,
You may be seeing errors in your readings due to broadcast pickup. This is
common when modern R+Jx measurement tools are connected to large antenna
structures. Others have described ways around this problem before here on the
topband chat.
Lee K7TJR OR
Thanks for the response
Hi Folks,
The Hi-Z Antennas brand amps already have a path to drain static as they
are designed to produce 4 to 5 Volts DC on the element with an internal
voltage divider. Attaching another resistor would degrade the performance.
Not only does this protect from static but it is a great
be around a Megohm or more with nothing connected.
Lee K7TJR
Hi-Z Antennas
-Original Message-
From: VE6WZ_Steve
Sent: Tuesday, September 24, 2019 1:58 PM
To: Lee STRAHAN
Cc: topband
Subject: Re: YCCC 9 circle preamp failure test
Hi Lee…
You are absolutely right, a failed coupling
Hi Guys,
I got advance information of the 2N5109 and its cousin the 2N3866
transistors demise. I used the 2N3866 in my older design Hi-Z 75 ohm preamp so
this transistor should suffice in most preamps that used the the 2N5109 . I
bought a good supply of the 2N3866 devices and can offer
There seems to be some confusion about.
Let me explain the significance of Joel's comment about the high impedance
amplifiers. I have developed new versions of the Hi-Z amplifiers I use in the
Hi-Z array products. Joel W5ZN was given a set of these Hi-Z amps as a Beta
test in the field
think it is more interesting for the Topband community that you publish your
design and let the people build their own.
73 Henk PA5KT
Op 4-3-2020 om 01:31 schreef Lee STRAHAN:
> There seems to be some confusion about.
> Let me explain the significance of Joel's comment about the high imp
And from the Northwest I have a slightly different observation of
horizontal/vertical questions. What I have noticed is this. I more or less
equate Horizontal antennas with high angle and vertical with low. The EU
stations are usually mostly looking West into the setting sun. The East coast
Yes, somewhat common in the "hollow state" device days(Tubes).
Old also Wayne.
Lee K7TJR
Subject: Re: Topband: Topband resource
Very good Jeff! See Google/Wikipedia. Wiki says "on the order of 1 pf/inch."
(You must be as old as I am . . .)
- N7NG
On 1/14/2020 11:49 AM, Jeff Kincaid wrote:
>
Hello John and all,
Concerning the adding the noise in a typical array. If the noise was
coherent or exactly the same signal from each element/amp the summed noise
would indeed be 8 times. However circuit noise is always random and incoherent
which causes the summation to be a single
).
73, Mike W4EF..
On 3/11/2020 7:22 PM, Lee STRAHAN wrote:
> Hello John and all,
> Concerning the adding the noise in a typical array. If the noise was
> coherent or exactly the same signal from each element/amp the summed noise
> would indeed be 8 ti
, so the powers have
be weighted when combining them to get the total noise power.
73, John W1FV
-Original Message-
From: Lee STRAHAN mailto:k7...@msn.com>>
To: topband@contesting.com<mailto:topband@contesting.com>
mailto:topband@contesting.com>>
Sent: Wed, Mar 11, 202
Mouser 601- 25-7630 or 601-25-7660
[Lee K7TJR]
>>>Use an F connector (a high quality one that can be torqued.)
Can you point to a place that sells them. I became a 'fan' of F termination,
but have recently had second thoughts because of the bulkhead connector's
quality.
Thanks and 73.
Greetings all,
George has some very pertinent points here and only on one point I will
disagree. What a Hi-Z amplifier needs to do is dependent on your aspirations of
the size and quantity of elements you decide to use. The combiner losses will
dictate what you must do at the element end of
constant with winter
deployed arrays.
Incidentally, T Snap and Seal have been the best connectors here for
repeatability.
Lee Strahan
K7TJR
_
Searchable Archives: http://www.contesting.com/_topband - Topband Reflector
Robin WA6CDR mentioned this to me in an earlier exchange this AM. It was not
me. Should have mentioned that before. Sorry Robin, You the Man!
Lee K7TJR
-Original Message-
From: Richard (Rick) Karlquist
Sent: Wednesday, April 8, 2020 2:00 PM
To: Lee STRAHAN ; topband@contesting.com
here for
repeatability.
Lee Strahan
K7TJR."
Mike VE9AA
Mike, Coreen & Corey
Keswick Ridge, NB
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Hi Rick,
Agreed, the numbers surely seemed too good to be true. I also researched
cable delays versus temperature at various manufacturers. I found no data at
the low bands we use. I found just enough information to make me do the test. I
am confident the answers I recorded are
and loss changes with temperature.
Regards all and thanks for the tips and the bandwidth, 73
Lee K7TJR OR
On 4/8/2020 1:28 PM, Lee STRAHAN wrote:
> Even if the copper center conductor expands, the way the cable connectors
> are made allows the copper to simply push in the con
Greetings All,
It seems this discussion has morphed into a discussion on ground planes for
regular vertical antennas where if I read the authors description correctly he
is using a Hi-Z amplifier. This may mean a whole different ground system would
be very satisfactory. I believe it was
Don’t forget there is gain in the signal paths. That first AUX input stage is
a Norton configuration amp with gain controlled by the unknown transformer
ratios. The two J-310's that sum the signals also appear to have a few dB gain.
A full analysis of the circuit is necessary to derive what
gain. Just my $.02
Lee K7TJR
From: Dave Cuthbert
Sent: Monday, March 16, 2020 3:05 PM
To: Lee STRAHAN
Cc: topband@contesting.com
Subject: Re: Topband: Slightly OT - amplifier noise
Circuit gain is accounted for in my calculations. I ran a sim of the input amp
and could get it to work with gains
Hi Dennis and top band interested folks,
The very first amps I made for myself were using an external power wire.
Using external power required some pretty heavy choking on each end of that
added wire. I started experimenting with power over the signal coax. I could
not see or measure any
Hmmm, Nick,
I beg to differ with you. I don’t care about scores or countries, zones
worked but I do care about 160 meter receiving antennas.
In my opinion your statement is dead wrong.
Not looking for a war of words or any more discussion. I will not respond again
about this.
Lee K7TJR
Hi Ed,
I knew about the 2N3866 and 2N5109 disappearing so I bought a bunch of
2N3866 while they were still in stock. Same transistor die only with a lower Ft
of 800MHz instead of 1500 MHz.
I have used them for years in a similar preamp circuit. I can send you one or
a few at $3.00 each
years to test a new
brainstorm antenna.
From what I saw he had a 1:1.16 SWR which could not get much better in my
opinion. Apparently he thought it could be better.
All is good HNY
Lee K7TJR OR
From: Don Kirk
Sent: Saturday, January 2, 2021 1:54 PM
To: Lee STRAHAN
Cc: HA3LN ; Mike Waters
, 2021, 1:37 PM Lee STRAHAN mailto:k7...@msn.com>>
wrote:
Hello Csaba,
I approach this problem this way your impedance ratio is 745/50 ohms or 14.9
. To get turns ratio use the square root of that which is 3.86 . So round that
up to 4 as a good turns ratio.
On a BN73-202 core I usual
Hello Csaba,
I approach this problem this way your impedance ratio is 745/50 ohms or 14.9
. To get turns ratio use the square root of that which is 3.86 . So round that
up to 4 as a good turns ratio.
On a BN73-202 core I usually use a minimum of 4 turns on the 50 ohm side for
160 meters,
To: Lee STRAHAN
Cc: HA3LN ; Mike Waters
Subject: Re: Topband: (2wire) Beverage transformers
Hi Lee,
I don’t think he needed any tools (formulas, etc.), he is just trying to figure
out why his recently made transformer does match closer to one he made a year
ago. He too agrees that the SWR
I looked at the headers in that email and one IP address was reported as a
shop in Fremont Ca. The other IP addresses in the email did not report any
information except the lookup was denied due to excessive lookups of the IP
address.
So for now I still treat that email as very suspicious.
Hi Low Band people,
Nice presentation Steve. I would like to point out that Beverage users or
even other phased antenna users should not use paralleling two 75 ohm coaxes
and then matching them back to 75 for the receiver. While on the surface that
all sounds good there is a little problem
Hi All,
Rick I have to agree with you up to a point. Your 9 circle and other 8
circle receiving arrays except mine are on wide footprints and only use 4
active antennas at a time. All of my antennas are reduced footprint antenna
arrays which require much more phasing accuracy for optimum
Hi John,
What did you use as the P3 bandwidth for your noise measurement? And
conversion to 1Hz equivalent.
The P3 has its own bandwidth and is not affected by setting the receiver
bandwidth.
Lee K7TJR OR
(Note: what follows is a long, technical discussion about noise and “small”
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