Issue is present also moving do mdadm (which is possible for my fake
raid since it uses intel metadata).

When it happens, the boot hangs for 1 minute and a half on

A start job is running for dev-disk-by...

with all disks appearing in turn on the line. After that the machine drops to 
an emergency prompt.
Analyzing the systemd journal shows the corresponding jobs timing out.

Interestingly:

1) *all* the items mentioned in /etc/fstab get shown here. Namely, when
the issue occurs, the error is shown even for the swap partintion (that
is on a plain ssd partition...

2) It is not a problem with /etc/fstab but some race: every few attempts
the system succeeds to boot

3) When you get to the emergency prompt all the disks on which systemd
hangs appear to be working just fine

4) Removing from the fstab the entries corresponding to stuff on the
slower fake raid, the boot starts being reliable (I think)

How can I debug this? How can I force systemd to wait before it tries to
access the disks?

Should I open a bug on systemd?

Can someone provide pointers at some systemd documentation that might be
releant to this issue? It seems such a complex device that I do not know
where to start.

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You received this bug notification because you are a member of Ubuntu
Touch seeded packages, which is subscribed to systemd in Ubuntu.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1635023

Title:
  yakkkety boot is erratic

Status in systemd package in Ubuntu:
  New

Bug description:
  After an upgrade from xenial to yakkety, the system does not boot
  reliably. Only 1 boot over 3-4 seems to succeed.

  Quite often, the system seems to hang during boot and then drops into
  an emergency prompt.

  Pressing esc during the boot to show what is going on reveals that
  there are processes waiting for the disks to become ready.

  This is likely to be related to the specific system configuration,
  with a raid array of two disks managed by dmraid (it is an intel fake
  raid) and lvm2 on top of it. Most stuff is on it in logical disks, but
  for the boot partition that is on a fast ssd, and the root of the
  filesystem that is on lvm2 with a physical volume spanning the rest of
  the ssd.

  The very same configuration worked just fine on xenial.

  To make the matter worse, it is impossible to boot in "recovery mode"
  to get a root prompt, because after you login as root something
  suddenly  times out and the screen gets messed up (not a graphics card
  issue, but pieces of messages popping out here and there, the recovery
  mode menu suddenly reappearing, etc.

  Please give this bug appropriately high priority, because it prevents
  servers from coming up after power failures.

  ProblemType: Bug
  DistroRelease: Ubuntu 16.10
  Package: systemd 231-9git1
  ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 4.8.0-22.24-generic 4.8.0
  Uname: Linux 4.8.0-22-generic x86_64
  ApportVersion: 2.20.3-0ubuntu8
  Architecture: amd64
  Date: Wed Oct 19 21:34:16 2016
  EcryptfsInUse: Yes
  MachineType: Dell Inc. Precision WorkStation T5400
  ProcKernelCmdLine: BOOT_IMAGE=/vmlinuz-4.8.0-22-generic 
root=/dev/mapper/vg_ssd-root ro quiet splash mtrr_gran_size=2g 
mtrr_chunk_size=2g resume=/dev/sdc3
  SourcePackage: systemd
  UpgradeStatus: Upgraded to yakkety on 2016-10-18 (1 days ago)
  dmi.bios.date: 04/30/2012
  dmi.bios.vendor: Dell Inc.
  dmi.bios.version: A11
  dmi.board.name: 0RW203
  dmi.board.vendor: Dell Inc.
  dmi.chassis.type: 7
  dmi.chassis.vendor: Dell Inc.
  dmi.modalias: 
dmi:bvnDellInc.:bvrA11:bd04/30/2012:svnDellInc.:pnPrecisionWorkStationT5400:pvr:rvnDellInc.:rn0RW203:rvr:cvnDellInc.:ct7:cvr:
  dmi.product.name: Precision WorkStation T5400
  dmi.sys.vendor: Dell Inc.

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