Public bug reported:

Description:    Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS
Release:        20.04

linux-image-5.4.0-1029-raspi:
  Installed: 5.4.0-1029.32
  Candidate: 5.4.0-1029.32
  Version table:
 *** 5.4.0-1029.32 500
        500 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates/main armhf 
Packages
        500 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security/main armhf 
Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

I gather it's something to do with /boot partition having to be vfat and
you cannot do symlinks there. But I don't know what to do about it.
There was some post about editing /etc/kernel-img.conf but all that
seemed to do was to kick the problem down the road to where a different
link couldn't be made.

This is on an ssd-booting system with mounts
/dev/sda2 on / type ext4 (rw,noatime)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type vfat 
(rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=ascii,shortname=mixed,errors=remount-ro)

and the altered kernel-img.conf file is, currently:
do_symlinks = no
do_bootloader = no
link_in_boot = no

Here's the aptage:

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
Hit:1 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal InRelease
Hit:2 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates InRelease 
Hit:3 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-backports InRelease
Hit:4 http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security InRelease             
         
Hit:5 https://deb.nodesource.com/node_15.x focal InRelease                      
         
Reading package lists... Done                                      
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
All packages are up to date.
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up initramfs-tools (0.136ubuntu6.4) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Setting up linux-firmware (1.187.10) ...
ln: failed to create hard link '/boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-1029-raspi.dpkg-bak' => 
'/boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-1029-raspi': Operation not permitted
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-1029-raspi
Using DTB: bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb
Installing /lib/firmware/5.4.0-1029-raspi/device-tree/bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb into 
/boot/dtbs/5.4.0-1029-raspi/./bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb
Taking backup of bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb.
Installing new bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb.
ln: failed to create symbolic link '/boot/dtb-5.4.0-1029-raspi': Operation not 
permitted
run-parts: /etc/initramfs/post-update.d//flash-kernel exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package linux-firmware (--configure):
 installed linux-firmware package post-installation script subprocess returned 
error exit status 1
Setting up linux-image-5.4.0-1029-raspi (5.4.0-1029.32) ...
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.136ubuntu6.4) ...
ln: failed to create hard link '/boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-1029-raspi.dpkg-bak' => 
'/boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-1029-raspi': Oper
ation not permitted
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-1029-raspi
Using DTB: bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb
Installing /lib/firmware/5.4.0-1029-raspi/device-tree/bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb into 
/boot/dtbs/5.4.0-1029-raspi/./bcm2710-rpi
-3-b.dtb
Taking backup of bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb.
Installing new bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb.
ln: failed to create symbolic link '/boot/dtb-5.4.0-1029-raspi': Operation not 
permitted
run-parts: /etc/initramfs/post-update.d//flash-kernel exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package initramfs-tools (--configure):
 installed initramfs-tools package post-installation script subprocess returned 
error exit status 1
Processing triggers for linux-image-5.4.0-1029-raspi (5.4.0-1029.32) ...
/etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.4.0-1029-raspi
Using DTB: bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb
Installing /lib/firmware/5.4.0-1029-raspi/device-tree/bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb into 
/boot/dtbs/5.4.0-1029-raspi/./bcm2710-rpi
-3-b.dtb
Taking backup of bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb.
Installing new bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb.
ln: failed to create symbolic link '/boot/dtb-5.4.0-1029-raspi': Operation not 
permitted
run-parts: /etc/initramfs/post-update.d//flash-kernel exited with return code 1
run-parts: /etc/kernel/postinst.d/initramfs-tools exited with return code 1
dpkg: error processing package linux-image-5.4.0-1029-raspi (--configure):
 installed linux-image-5.4.0-1029-raspi package post-installation script 
subprocess returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-firmware
 initramfs-tools
 linux-image-5.4.0-1029-raspi
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

ProblemType: Bug
DistroRelease: Ubuntu 20.04
Package: linux-image-5.4.0-1029-raspi 5.4.0-1029.32
ProcVersionSignature: Ubuntu 5.4.0-1028.31-raspi 5.4.78
Uname: Linux 5.4.0-1028-raspi armv7l
ApportVersion: 2.20.11-0ubuntu27.16
Architecture: armhf
CasperMD5CheckResult: skip
Date: Wed Mar 24 16:51:25 2021
ImageMediaBuild: 20210201.1
ProcEnviron:
 TERM=xterm-256color
 PATH=(custom, no user)
 XDG_RUNTIME_DIR=<set>
 LANG=C.UTF-8
 SHELL=/bin/bash
SourcePackage: linux-raspi
UpgradeStatus: No upgrade log present (probably fresh install)

** Affects: linux-raspi (Ubuntu)
     Importance: Undecided
         Status: New


** Tags: apport-bug armhf focal uec-images

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https://bugs.launchpad.net/bugs/1921156

Title:
  cannot upgrade kernel on ssd booting raspberry pi 3b

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