You can store anything you like in Cassandra. The type of data is not
relevant as there are no types in Cassandra, they all get stored as byte
arrays. The only relevant limit is a column value cannot exceed 2GB (see
http://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/CassandraLimitations).
In terms of how: you just
Out of the box there is no security turned on but there are a number of
options: http://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/StorageConfiguration,
http://wiki.apache.org/cassandra/ExtensibleAuth
If you are worried about storing data in clear text then you should encrypt
it before storage.
I am currently working on a system with Cassandra that is written purely in
Java. I know our end solution will require other languages to access the
data in Cassandra (Python, C++ etc.). What is the best way to store data to
ensure I can do this? Should I serialize everything to strings/json/xml