I think the way you are approaching is causing you so much troubles.
1. At this moment, and until that change, the virtualbox provider will use
eth0 as nat.
2. at the boot time, the port forwarders and the nics are cleared out and
reconfigured
3. all the reconfiguration is done by the forwarded
Have a look at
config.ssh.port
config.ssh.host
If you set those, and the vagrant user/ssh key, then I assume you can use
vagrant to connect and execute commands in that machine you want to use
with docker.
Will be this what you are looking?
Desktop with Vagrant === Server with Docker.
Alvaro.