[Vo]:JCF-16 subjective preview, notes info for Nov 26, 2015
http://egooutpeters.blogspot.ro/2015/11/nov-26-2015-subjective-preview-of-jcf.html best wishes, peter -- Dr. Peter Gluck Cluj, Romania http://egooutpeters.blogspot.com
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[Vo]:Re: CMNS: JCF-16 subjective preview, notes info for Nov 26, 2015
P.S. Wikipedia's definition (in blue below) is consistent with what I remember. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction, but is not consumed by the reaction; hence a catalyst can be recovered chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction it has been used to speed up, or catalyze. On Nov 26, 2015, at 2:13 PM, Ludwik Kowalski wrote: > I also responded to Peter G, essentially at the same time. Bot my reply > bounced back. I wrote: > > 1) Peter wrote (see his egoout below ): ... "I have a cult for catalysis, met > it professionally in many forms and have developed a kind of philosophy of it > ... . > > I have a cult for catalysis, met it professionally in many forms and have > developed a kind of philosophy of it. > > - I claim a "catalytic" surface consists of nano-cracks. " > > 2) I am not a chemist. But I would say that a catalytic surface is a surface > covered with one or more catalysts (chemical compounds). Such compounds can > participate in reactions but are not consumed by these reactions). Some > chemical reactions would be very rare, if catalysts were not available. > > 3) Does my definition conflict with Peter's nano-cracks definition? Probably > not; Peter probably thinks that some catalysts are present in nano-cracks. > Which compounds does he have in mind, in our CMNS context? > > Ludwik Kowalski (see Wikipedia). > > > > > > On Nov 26, 2015, at 2:05 PM, Edmund Storms wrote: > >> a) Continuing discussion with Ed Storms >> >> Yesterday Ed has promptly answered to my catalysis in LENR questions, but >> has forgot to answer to this question "caused "by the unique PdD et classic >> paper of JCF-16 so I repeat it: >> >> - what do you think about paper of Numata- No.15 at JCF- see the list? I >> have spoken more times about nano-vortices as NAE to you, in this is >> something like that >> >> Ed: I will be pleased to comment once the paper becomes available. If you >> you have a copy, please send it. >> >> Ed's answer, my comments >> >> >> To answer your questions, we need to know what the words mean. The word >> catalyst describes a general concept, there being hundreds of different >> kinds of catalyst. One kind does not take the place of another. Simply >> saying a catalytic surface is required is too trivial. What is worse, the >> concept of catalyst was only applied to a chemical reaction, never to a >> nuclear reaction, until LENR was discovered. We need to know what the word >> means when it describes a nuclear process. A catalyst can reasonably be >> understood to lower a barrier by a few eV but what allows a barrier of >> several MeV to be lowered? >> >> ANSWER >> Please, please read my essay here: >> http://egooutpeters.blogspot.ro/2014/12/the-most-fundamental-question-about-lenr.html >> >> I have a cult for catalysis, met it professionally in many forms and have >> developed a kind of philosophy of it. >> >> Ed: I read your comment but I do not understand how it applies to our >> problem. A catalyst is a concept applied when the rate of a chemical >> reaction can be increased by operation of another chemical condition. To be >> useful, the chemical condition needs to be identified. This requires >> identification of the chemical state causing the rate of LENR to increase. >> In addition, we are faced with the need to increase a reaction rate having a >> barrier of MeV. You have not answered my question. How can this be done? >> >> - I claim a "catalytic" surface consists of nano-cracks. These cracks are >> created by stress relief. Many ways exist to create the stress and the >> resulting crack formation depends on the property of the surface. Stress >> generation and crack formation are influence by many variables. We will not >> understand these variables until they are study for the purpose of causing >> LENR. So, simply saying a catalyst is necessary without showing the form of >> the catalyst is useless. Also, complaining about lack of knowledge about >> the process without showing what needs to be studied is also useless. I'm >> attempting to show exactly what needs to be studied and what will be found >> when that study is undertaken. I see no one else doing this. Instead, we are >> provided with guesses and speculation based on what Rossi might wish to >> reveal. >> >> ANSWER >> As far I know/understand, the nanocracks are not a specific, quantifiable >> feature of the metal (Pd, Ni) surface- with concrete it would be different. >> >> Ed: Peter, I'm amazed you would say this. The nano-crack is the initial >> formation of a gap that, if allowed to grow larger, would be and is easily >> seen. This is a well known and easily observed process. I'm not suggesting >> a new condition. I'm only suggesting a new consequence of a well-known >> condition. >> >> >> It is difficult to explain- based on the density of nanocracks per surface a >> thousand times increase of
[Vo]:clean low-cost USA energy in 35 years with only wind, water, and solar for all uses, Mark Z. Jacobson PNAS 2015.11.18: Rich Murray 2015.11.26
clean low-cost USA energy in 35 years with only wind, water, and solar for all uses, Mark Z. Jacobson PNAS 2015.11.18: Rich Murray 2015.11.26 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2015/11/clean-low-cost-usa-energy-in-35-years.html If all people unite on this, we prevent climate change catastrophe, and vastly reduce heath harm and death from pollution and war. "Solutions are obtained by prioritizing storage for heat (in soil and water); cold (in ice and water); and electricity (in phase-change materials, pumped hydro, hydropower, and hydrogen), and using demand response. No natural gas, biofuels, nuclear power, or stationary batteries are needed. The resulting 2050–2055 US electricity social cost for a full system is much less than for fossil fuels. These results hold for many conditions, suggesting that low-cost, reliable 100% WWS systems should work many places worldwide." http://phys.org/news/2015-11-solar-energy-underground-cloudy-day.html http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/18/1510028112 Low-cost solution to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of intermittent wind, water, and solar for all purposes Mark Z. Jacobson a,1, Mark A. Delucchi b, Mary A. Cameron a, and Bethany A. Frew a a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; b Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Edited by Stephen Polasky, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, and approved November 2, 2015 (received for review May 26, 2015) Mark Z. Jacobson a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Mark A. Delucchi b Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 Mary A. Cameron a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Bethany A. Frew a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; Abstract Authors & Info SIMetrics Related Content PDF PDF + SI Significance The large-scale conversion to 100% wind, water, and solar (WWS) power for all purposes (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry) is currently inhibited by a fear of grid instability and high cost due to the variability and uncertainty of wind and solar. This paper couples numerical simulation of time- and space-dependent weather with simulation of time-dependent power demand, storage, and demand response to provide low-cost solutions to the grid reliability problem with 100% penetration of WWS across all energy sectors in the continental United States between 2050 and 2055. Solutions are obtained without higher-cost stationary battery storage by prioritizing storage of heat in soil and water; cold in water and ice; and electricity in phase-change materials, pumped hydro, hydropower, and hydrogen. Abstract This study addresses the greatest concern facing the large-scale integration of wind, water, and solar (WWS) into a power grid: the high cost of avoiding load loss caused by WWS variability and uncertainty. It uses a new grid integration model and finds low-cost, no-load-loss, nonunique solutions to this problem on electrification of all US energy sectors (electricity, transportation, heating/cooling, and industry) while accounting for wind and solar time series data from a 3D global weather model that simulates extreme events and competition among wind turbines for available kinetic energy. Solutions are obtained by prioritizing storage for heat (in soil and water); cold (in ice and water); and electricity (in phase-change materials, pumped hydro, hydropower, and hydrogen), and using demand response. No natural gas, biofuels, nuclear power, or stationary batteries are needed. The resulting 2050–2055 US electricity social cost for a full system is much less than for fossil fuels. These results hold for many conditions, suggesting that low-cost, reliable 100% WWS systems should work many places worldwide. energy security climate change grid stability renewable energy energy cost Footnotes 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: jacob...@stanford.edu . Author contributions: M.Z.J. designed research; M.Z.J. and M.A.D. performed research; M.Z.J., M.A.D., M.A.C., and B.A.F. contributed analytic tools; M.Z.J., M.A.D., and M.A.C. analyzed data; and M.Z.J., M.A.D., M.A.C., and B.A.F. wrote the paper. The authors declare no conflict of interest. This article is a PNAS Direct Submission. Data available upon request (from M.Z.J.). This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1073/pnas.1510028112/-/DCSupplemental. 142 mg methanol weekly is provided by 6.5 cans aspartame diet drink, about 1 can daily, the amount used by 161 moms, whose kids became autistic, over twice the methanol taken by 550 moms who had no autistic kids. dietary methanol and autism, Ralph G. Walton, Woodrow C. Monte, in press, Medical
