proposed electric heat only scheme for Rossi demos re heat and explosions: Rich Murray 2011.07.07 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_07_01_archive.htm Thursday, July 7, 2011 [ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ] http://groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/89 [ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ] ______________________________________________
http://newenergytimes.com/v2/news/2011/37/Report2-372-EnergyCatalyzerScientificCommunicationAndEthicsIssues.shtml I examined the 2011.06.14 13:24 minute Krivit-Rossi demo video, frame by frame for 13 frames, while the end of the black hose was held against a black sweater, from 11:26 to 11:39 -- I estimated from the normal speed video that the frame rate was about 5 frames per second. The views in seconds 11:35, 11:36, 11:37 show the shadow of the black hose outlet end against the black sweater, with the left edge of the upward moving mist clearly visible in all three frames rising up and slanting more to the left, right from the very end of the hose. Someone skillful could get all the frames, and image process them into an enhanced slow-motion video, allowing fairly accurate estimates of velocities and volume of the moving, expanding mist. In order for invisible steam to condense into the very tiny droplets of water that make up visible hot mist, all the heat of vaporization has to be absorbed by air or radiated. Within the black tube, as the flow of steam reaches the end, if it has already expanded by a volume factor of 2 from the inlet of the black tube, then its temperature in degrees K would drop from 474 to 237 by the same factor of 2 for the same pressure, but it still has to give up its large heat of vaporization to become very tiny droplets of water. If the hot steam, mist, and condensed water mixture, always changing complexly with time and location along the hose (and possibly vertically in the about 2 m length of hose on the floor, from liquid to mist to steam), flows for a long time, then the hose will become almost as hot, limiting the loss of heat in the flowing complex mixture. Then, as the flowing, almost 100 deg C complex mixture approaches the end of the hose, it will accelerate forward, expanding in volume within the tube, but not able condense into very tiny droplets of mist until it exits the end of the tube. Then it will expand as a cone, rapidly losing pressure and mixing complexly with entrained air in a turbulence process, heating the air until it is cool enough to very rapidly form a mist of very tiny water droplets, visible at the 0.6 micron wavelength of visible light. However, the fact that the exiting mixture of steam and mist is already visible right at the exit, indicates that the mixture is only partly steam, and may actually be all mist already. In addition, if the volume of condensed water within the hose is not specifically and accurately monitored, then it is impossible to estimate how much steam has been condensing to water within the hose. It is also possible that only a tiny amount of water becomes steam in the reaction chamber. We need an experiment that is made of transparent pyrex glass, from the reaction device to the 3 m of exit piping, with several high speed digital thermometers, paired with microphones to listen for turbulence, and webcams to record images of the complex flow, with the input water dyed to make the turbulence visible -- then flow velocities can be accurately found and mist formation and water turbulence studied at all locations. Many people have the skills and equipment to rapidly assemble and test an "electric heater only" mock up of the Rossi demo. My friend Michael H. Barron here in Santa Fe uses an Italian steam cleaner that takes about 700-800 watts to vaporize distilled water in a strong steel ball chamber, forming dry steam that exits a flexible 1 m hose with an outlet about 5 mm inside diameter. We were just talking on Skype about measuring how far from the exit the dry steam goes before becoming visible mist in the air. He worked at LANL for years, assembling complex experiments, and has a remarkable collection of equipment and a network of dedicated geeks. So, maybe, we'll try a quick hack... Rossi has mentioned, without any details, that in recent years dozens of cells have exploded. It may be that as water collects in and fills the 2 m of hose on the floor, the resulting barrier is enough to slow the steam exiting from the compact reactor, formed from the 2 ml/sec fixed input water flow by electric heaters above 500 W power. As dry steam builds up in the reactor, it may impede the radiation and convection transfer of heat from the electric heater, leading to a transient high temperature excursion that softens and melts and then destroys the Ni nanopowder and the copper and stainless steel wall. Rapid accumulation of mineral deposits from city water could also further insulate the heater. If disruption of the container holding 50 gm of Ni nanopowder occurs, exothermic reactions become available with dissolved O2 in the city water, and more complex reactions with copper and stainless steel, in addition to the components of the electric heater. Disruption of the electric heater could lead to electric shorts and arcing at 230 V AC, introducing very high temperature chemistry and huge transient electric powers -- all in all, an explosive witch's kettle. Therefore, years of experimentation may have evolved a system that operates stably with carefully adjusted water input flows and electric heater power levels that produce a tractable exit mixture of hot water, mist, and a little mass of steam (with a lot of volume). Probably, Rossi is sincerely deluded, along with the others who have misevaluated and overvalued this dramatic, relatively stable system. In this case, there would be no reproducible radiation levels, transmutations, or isotopic shifts. In mutual service, Rich Murray ______________________________________________ Rossi Energy Catalyzer: Scientific Communication and Ethics Issues, Steven B. Krivit, Senior Editor, New Energy Times: Rich Murray 2011.06.28 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_06_01_archive.htm Tuesday, June 28, 2011 [ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ] http://groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/88 [ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ] ______________________________________________ Here is a classic example of careful, tenacious expert investigative journalism, unraveling a remarkable case of scientific delusion. http://newenergytimes.com/v2/news/2011/37/Report2-372-EnergyCatalyzerScientificCommunicationAndEthicsIssues.shtml Report #2 - Energy Catalyzer: Scientific Communication and Ethics Issues By Steven B. Krivit Senior Editor, New Energy Times [ This article is Copyleft 2011 New Energy Times. Permission is granted to reproduce this article in English only so long as the article, this notice and the publication information are included in their entirety and no changes are made to this article. ] [ This is the second in a series of reports based on my interviews with Andrea Rossi, creator of a device he calls the Energy Catalyzer, or E-Cat, Sergio Focardi, professor emeritus at the University of Bologna, and Giuseppe Levi, a professor in the university’s Department of Physics, and based on my investigation of their claims of a low-energy nuclear reaction device that produces commercially useful levels of excess heat. The complete list of New Energy Times reports on this topic is here. http://newenergytimes.com/v2/sr/RossiECat/AndreaRossiAndHisEnergy-Catalyzer.shtml ]... [ more... ] ______________________________________________ no excess heat in June 14 Rossi demo, as no invisible dry steam at end of hose, just feeble mist, perhaps liquid water -- many unbiased critical comments on Vortex-L: Rich Murray 2011.06.25 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/2011_06_01_archive.htm Saturday, June 25, 2011 [ at end of each long page, click on Older Posts ] http://groups.yahoo.com/group/astrodeep/message/86 [ you may have to Copy and Paste URLs into your browser ] ______________________________________________ Rich Murray, MA Boston University Graduate School 1967 psychology, BS MIT 1964, history and physics, 1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 505-819-7388 rmfor...@gmail.com http://groups.yahoo.com/group/AstroDeep/messages http://RMForAll.blogspot.com new primary archive http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/messages group with 118 members, 1,628 posts in a public archive http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartame/messages group with 1225 members, 24,347 posts in a public archive http://groups.yahoo.com/group/rmforall/messages ______________________________________________
