THE WHATIS.COM WORD-OF-THE-DAY   
May 2, 2001

M-theory 
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TODAY'S WORD: M-theory 

See our the definition with hyperlinks at
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M-theory (the "M" stands for the mother of all theories, magic,
mystery, or matrix, depending on the source) is an adaptation of
superstring theory developed by Ed Witten of Princeton and Paul
Townsend of Cambridge. Townsend and Witten's version could
potentially be the unified field theory sought by Einstein for the
last 40 years of his life: a simple equation that would reconcile
incompatible aspects of his theory of relativity and quantum theory
to explain the nature and behavior of all matter and energy.
Applications of this knowledge could, through unlocking nature's
secrets, enable future technologies that currently are only spoken of
within the realm of science fiction: an inexhaustible source of clean
energy, and time travel, for example. 

Superstring theory (sometimes just called string theory) has as its
basic premise the belief that the four fundamental forces of nature
(gravity, electromagnetism, and strong and weak nuclear forces), as
well as all matter are simply different manifestations of a single
essence. This essence, the material making up all energy and matter,
is thought to consist of tiny (a hundred billion billion times
smaller than the nucleus of an atom) vibrating strings that exist in
a multi-dimensional (10 or 26 dimensions) hyperspace. The extra
dimensions (beyond the ones we recognize: three spatial dimensions
and time) are thought to be compactified, or curled up, into tiny
pockets inside observable space. The particular vibrations of the
strings within this multidimensional hyperspace are thought to
correspond to particles that form the basis of everything - all
matter and energy - in existence. 

RELATED TERMS:

superstring theory 
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quantum theory 
http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,289893,sid9_gci332247,00.html 
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SELECTED LINKS

[1] There is more in "M-theory, the theory formerly known as
Strings." 
http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/qg_ss.html 

[2] Edward Witten's lecture, "Duality, Spacetime and Quantum
Mechanics," is available online. 
http://online.itp.ucsb.edu/online/plecture/witten/ 

[3] The Duke University Computer Science Department provides a paper,
"The Search for a Theory of Everything." 
http://www.cs.duke.edu/~clk/papers/phy49s/finalpaper.html 
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